2. WORKING CONDITIONS:
AN IMMIGRANT TALE OF TRAGEDY
IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO:
1) DO THE DQ 2
FOR THE DAY. WRITE THE DAILY QUOTE
AND ANSWER THE QUESTION FOR THE DAY.
2) YOU ARE TO COPY THE NOTES (I GET MY COPY BACK).
3) DO THE BOSS TWEED QUESTIONS AND THE TRIANGLE
FIRE QUESTIONS…
Daily Comment & Card
1882
CHINESE
EXCLUSION ACT
-Only
legislation passed to
limit immigration of any one
group of people
-Passed in response to the
Chinese who settled in
California after building
the railroads
“WE
DIDN’T
HAVE A
CHANCE”
-ROSE
GLANTZ
You need
to look
over your
gilded age
notes
before
your quiz!
SONG FOR THE DAY: BURNING LOVE (ELVIS!!)
Daily Comment & Card
MAY 4, 1886
HAYMARKET
SQUARE RIOT
-Large rally in Haymarket Square
in Chicago shortly after strike
began at McCormick Harvesting
Machine Co.
-Police attempted to disperse the
crowd and bomb exploded
-Eleven killed, over 100 wounded
-8 Anarchists on trial, 4 executed
-used to discredit Knights of Labor
SONG FOR THE DAY: RING OF FIRE
“WE
DIDN’T
HAVE A
CHANCE”
-ROSE
GLANTZ
Daily Comment & Card
1882
MAY 4, 1886
CHINESE
EXCLUSION ACT
-Only
legislation passed to
limit immigration of any one
group of people
-Passed in response to the
Chinese who settled in
California after building
the railroads
HAYMARKET
SQUARE RIOT
-Large rally in Haymarket Square
in Chicago shortly after strike
began at McCormick Harvesting
Machine Co.
-Police attempted to disperse the
crowd and bomb exploded
-Eleven killed, over 100 wounded
-8 Anarchists on trial, 4 executed
-used to discredit Knights of Labor
“WE
DIDN’T
HAVE A
CHANCE”
-ROSE
GLANTZ
You need
to look
over your
gilded age
notes
before
your quiz!
SONG FOR THE DAY: BURNING LOVE (ELVIS!!)
2
ANALYZE THIS CARTOON…
WHAT DO YOU SEE?
WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS
PICTURE REPRESENTS?
WHAT YEAR WOULD YOU
PUT ON THIS PICTURE?
AN
IMMIGRANT
TALE OF
TRAGEDY…
IMMIGRATION
In the last half of the 19th century,
the U.S. population increased from
23.2 million in 1850 to 76.2 million in
1900.
16.2 million new immigrants arrived
during this time…
Why were they coming?
-poverty (displaced farmers)
-overcrowding and joblessness in Europe
(population boom)
-religious persecution (Russian Jews)
-Steamships provided inexpensive one way passage
After 1880 there was a shift in the
origin of the immigration.
Before 1880= northern & western
Europe
England, Germany, Scandinavia (Mostly
Protestant, some Irish & German Catholics)
After 1880=southern and eastern
Europe
Italy, Greece, Croatia, Poland, Russia (poor & illiterate-largely
Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox or Jewish)
NATIVISM:
Those born in America wanted to restrict immigration
as new immigrants flooded the country. They believed
that people of other races, religions and nationalities
were inferior. They feared the “new immigrants” would
never be fully absorbed into America. They felt that
they would lower wages and take jobs from other
Americans.
AMERICANIZATION:
The process of making immigrants act American
(learning to dress, speak, and act like other Americans).
It was an “assimilation” process of blending others into
America.
AMONG THE FEW LAWS PERTAINING TO WORK
REGULATION WAS…
MULLER V. OREGON
THE SUPREME COURT RULED THAT WOMEN’S
WORK HOURS MUST BE REGULATED TO
PRESERVE HEALTH
(1908)
The fire at the Triangle
Waistshirt Company in
New York City was one of
the worst disasters since
the beginning of the
Industrial Revolution.
It highlights the
inhumane working
conditions workers could
be subjected to…
Because most garment workers
were young immigrant women
intimidated by their foreign
surroundings, they were generally
unorganized before 1911.
…on the top floors of the Asch Building in the Triangle
Waistshirt Company.
Within minutes chaos ruled. By the time the fire was over,
146 of the 500 employees were dead. Survivors were left to
deal with the horror of co-workers burning to death or
leaping to their death from the ninth floor.
Some of the
workers were as
young as 15. Many
were recent
Italian and
European Jewish
immigrants who
had come here
with their families
seeking a better
life.
The Triangle
Factory was
primarily a
non-union
shop,
although some
of its workers
had joined
the
International
Ladies
Garment
Workers’
Union.
The Triangle Fire proved that
fire inspections and precautions
were inadequate. Some workers
told of their efforts to open the
ninth floor doors to the stairs
only to find them locked (some
employers did this deliberately).
Some who waited at the windows
found that the firefighters’
ladders were several stories too
short, and that the water from
the hoses could not reach the
top floors.
The only way out was
through an opening on
one side of the
building where
employers usually
inspected all purses
to prevent stealing.
Those who survived
testified that they
were unable to open
any doors on the
other side of the
building.
In the weeks that
followed, the dead were
identified, their
belongings sorted out, and
the city mourned…Soon
cries for justice and
protection of workers
were heard…
Eight months after the
fire, a jury acquitted
factory owners Max
Blanck and Isaac Harris
of any wrong doing.
Twenty-three civil suits
were brought against
them. On March 11,
1913 (2 years later),
They settled for what
amounted to $75 per
lost life.
LIZZIE ADLER, ANNA ALTMAN, ANNA ARDITO, ROSIE BASSINO, VINCENZA BELLOTA,
BINCENZA BENETI, ESSIE BERNSTEIN, JACOB BERNSTEIN, MORRIS BERNSTEIN, GUSSIE
BIERMAN, ABRAHAM BINEVITZ, ROSIE BRENMAN, SARAH BENMAN, IDA BRODSKY, SARAH
BODSKY, IDA BROOKS, LAURA BRUNETTE, FRANCES CAPUTTO, JOSEPHINE CARLISI, ALBINA
CARUSO, JOSIE CASTELLO, ROSE CIRRITO, ANNA COHEN, ANTONIA COLLETTI, DORA
DOCHMAN, KALMAN DOWNIC, CELIA EISENBERG, REBECCA FEIBISCH, YETTA RICHTENHULTZ,
DAISY LOPEZ FITZE, TINA FRANK, ROSIE FREEDMAN, MOLLY GERSTEIN, CELIA GETTLIN,
ESHTER GODLSTEIN, LENA GOLDSTEIN, MARY GOLDSTEIN, YETTA GOLDSTEIN, IRENE
GRAMEATASSION, BERTHA GREB, KINAH GREENBERG, RACHEL GROSSMAN, ROSSIE GROSSO,
ESTHER HARRIS, MARY HERMAN, ESTHER HSOCHFIELD, FANNIE HOLLANDER, PAULINE
HOROWITZ, IDA JAKOFSKY, TESSIE KAPLAN, BECKY KAPPELMAN, IDA KENOWITZ, BEKCY
KESSLER, JACOB KLINE, BERTHA KUHLER, TILLER KUPFERSMITH, SARAH KUPLA, BENNY KURITZ,
ANNIE L’ABBATO, FRANNIE LANSNER, MARY LAVENTHAL, JENNIE LEDERMAN, NATTIE
LEFKOWITZ, MAX LEHRER, SAM LEHRER, KATE LEONE, ROSIE LERMARCK, JENNIE LEVIN,
PAULINE LEVINE, CATHERINE MALTESE, LUCY MALTESE, ROSARIA MALTESE, MARIA MANARA,
BERTHA MANDERS, ROSE MANOFSKY, MECHI MARCIANO, YETTA MEYERS, BETTTINA MIALE,
FRANCES MIALE, MGAETANA MIDOLO, BECCY NEBRERER, ANNIE NICHOLAS, NICOLINA
NICOLOSCI, NANIE NOVOBRITSKY, SADIE NUSSBAUM, JULIA OBERSTEIN, ROSE ORINGER,
BECY OSTROWSKY, CARRIE OZZO, ANNIE PACK, PROVIDENZA PANNO, ANTONIETTA
PASQUALICCA, IDA PEARL, JENNIE PILDESCU, VINCENZA PINELLO, JENNIE POLINY, MILLIE
PARATO, BECKY REIVERS, EMMA ROOTSTEIN, ISRAEL ROSEN, JULIA ROSEN, LOUIS ROSEN,
YETTA ROSENBAUM, JENNIE ROSENBERG, GUSSIE ROSENFELD, NETTIE ROSENTHAL, TEDDY
ROTHNER, SARAH SABOSWITZ, SOHPIE SALEMI, SARA SARACINO, TESSIE SARACINO, GUSSIE
SCHIFFMAN, ROSE SCHMIDT, ETHEL SCHNEIDER, VIOLET SCHOCHEP, MARGARET SCHWARTZ,
JACOB SELZER, ANNIE SEMMILIO, ROSIE SHAPIRO, BEN SKLAVER, ROSIE SORKIN, GUSSIE
SPUNT, ANNIE STARR, JENNIE STELLINO, JENNIE STERN, JENNIE STIGLITZ, SAMUEL
TAVICK, CLOTILDE TERDANOVA, ISABELLA TORTORELLA, MARY ULLO, MEYER UTAL, FREDA
VELAKOWSKY, BESSIE VIVIANIO, ROSE WEINER, CLEIA WEINTRAUB, DORA WELFOWITZ,
JOSEPH WILSON, TESSIE WISNER, SONIA WISOTSKY, BERTHA WONDROSS, UNIDENTIFIED 1,
UNIDENTIFIED 2, UNIDENTIFIED 3 UNIDENTIFIED 4, UNIDENTIFIED 5, UNIDENTIFIED 6.
PUBLIC OUTCRY
STRENGTHENED
UNIONS & THE PUSH
FOR THE RIGHTS OF
WORKERS
Francis Perkins, who
assisted in the factory
investigation as
executive secretary of
the New York
Committee on Safety,
would become Secretary
of Labor under Franklin
Roosevelt.