Cellular Growth (9.1)
State Standard
2E. Compare the advantages of sexual
reproduction and asexual reproduction in
different situations.
Click on a lesson name to select.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Why Do Cells Need to Divide?
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Why Do Cells Need to Divide? – Cont’d
 As the cell grows, its volume increases
much more rapidly than the surface
area.
If a cell gets too large…
 The cell might have difficulty getting enough
nutrients in and getting enough waste out.
 The cell might have difficulty communicating
instructions across long distances within a
large cell.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Cell Cycle
 Cell division prevents the cell from becoming
too large.
 It also is the way the cell reproduces so that
you grow, heal certain injuries, & replace
worn out cells.
 Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and
dividing called the cell cycle.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Cell Cycle – Cont’d
 Interphase is the stage during which the
cell grows, carries out cellular functions,
and replicates.
 Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during
which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material
divide.
 Cytokinesis is the method by which a cell’s
cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Interphase – Stage G1
 The first stage of interphase, G1
 The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell
functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Interphase – Stage S
 The cell copies its DNA in preparation
for cell division.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Interphase – Stage G2
 The cell prepares for the division of its
nucleus.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth & Regulation
Normal Cell Cycle
 Different proteins
including cyclins time
and control the life &
activities of the cell.
 The cell cycle has builtin checkpoints that
monitor the cycle and
can stop it if something
goes wrong.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth & Regulation
Abnormal Cell Cycle: Cancer
 Cancer is the
uncontrolled growth
and division of cells.
 Cancer cells can kill
an organism by
crowding out normal
cells, resulting in the loss of tissue function.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Cellular Growth
Causes of Cancer
 The changes that occur in the regulation of
cell growth and division of cancer cells are
due to mutations.
 Various environmental factors can affect the
occurrence of cancer cells.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
Which is not a phase of the cell cycle?
A. cytokinesis
B. interphase
C. apoptosis
D. mitosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
C
D
0%
C
0%
D
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Formative
Questions
Which can more efficiently supply nutrients and
expel waste products?
A. larger cells
B. smaller cells
C. cells with lower surface
area to volume ratio
1.
2.
3.
4.
D. cells shaped like a cube
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
C
D
0%
C
0%
D
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Formative
Questions
At what stage does a cell spend most of
its life?
A. cytokinesis
B. interphase
C. mitosis
D. synthesis
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
C
D
0%
C
0%
D
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Formative
Questions
What happens in the cell during cytokinesis?
A. The cell grows and carries
out normal functions.
B. The cell copies its DNA
and forms chromosomes.
C. The cell’s nucleus and
nuclear material divide.
D. The cell’s cytoplasm
divides.
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
C
D
0%
C
0%
D
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.2 Formative
Questions
In what stage of the cell cycle does the
cell’s replicated genetic material separate?
A. cytokinesis
B. interphase
C. mitosis
D. prophase
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
C
D
0%
C
0%
D
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Formative
Questions
Which of these cancer-causing substances or
agents is impossible to avoid completely?
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
A. chemicals such as asbestos
B. food and drinks that
the FDA warns may
contain carcinogens
C. tobacco and
second-hand smoke
D. ultraviolet radiation from
the Sun
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Chapter Assessment
Questions
What is the role of cyclins in a cell?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. to control the movement
of microtubules
B. to signal for the cell
to divide
C. to stimulate the
breakdown of the
nuclear membrane
D. to cause the nucleolus
to disappear
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test
Practice
Which cell has the lowest ratio of surface area
to volume?
C
C
B
1.
A
2.
B
0% 3.0% C 0%
A
A
B
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test
Practice
At what stage of interphase
does the cell take inventory
and make sure it is ready for
the division of its nucleus?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
D
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. M
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test
Practice
Which occurs in plant cells but not animal cells
during the cell cycle?
A. formation of a cell plate
B. formation of microtubules
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
0%
C
A
0%
B
D. movement of
chromosomes to the
poles of the cell
A
B
C
D
0%
D
C. formation of a cleavage
furrow at the equator of
the cell
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test
Practice
Multiple changes in DNA
are required to change
an abnormal cell into a
cancer cell.
A. true
B. false
1. A
2. B
0%
B
A
0%
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test
Practice
Which is not a condition that can result in cancer?
A. a failure in the control
mechanisms that regulate
the cell cycle
B. a failure in the repair
systems that fix changes
or damage to DNA
C. a failure of the spindle
fibers to move chromosomes
during mitosis
D. mutations or changes in
segments of DNA that
control protein production
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
A
0%
B
A
B
C
D
0%
C
0%
D
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
Animation
 Visualizing the Cell Cycle
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction