DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)
A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE
BY
NATIONAL SECURITY DIVISION
PRIME MINISTER DEPARTMENT
MAJOR MOHD SAKRI BIN HJ HUSSIN
POLICY AND MECHANISM
IN THE MANAGEMENT
OF NATIONAL DISASTER
AND RELIEF IN MALAYSIA
(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)
SCOPE OF
PRESENTATION


1.
2.
Background.
Aims and Objective of NSC Directive No.




3.
4.
5.
6.

7.


8.
9.
Policy of Disaster Management.
Definition and Types of Disasters.
Mechanism of Disaster Management.
Commands and Control in Disaster
Management.
The Role of National Security Division and
Agencies in Disaster Management.
Implication of NSC Directive No. 20.
Conclusion.
20.
BACKGROUND
COLLAPSE OF THE SULTAN ABDUL
HALIM JETTY BUTTERWORTH (32 KILLED/1674 –INJURED)
FIRE EXPLOSION AT
BRIGHT SPARKLES IN
SUNGAI BULUH
(22-KILLED/103INJURED)
COLLAPSE OF HIGHLAND
TOWERS CONDOMINIUM
IN HULU KELANG
(48- KILLED)
TROPICAL STORM
“GREG” IN
KENINGAU, SABAH
(4,925 HOMES
DESTROYED
PROPERTIES WORTH
130 MILLION
DESTROYED)
(230-KILLED)
FIRE EXPLOSION OF
CHOON HUNG III VESSEL
AT PORT KELANG
(10-KILLED)
DISASTERS
IN
MALAYSIA
MUDSLIDE AT THE
ABORIGINES’ AT
VILLAGE IN POS
DIPANG, KAMPAR,
PERAK (44 – KILLED)
LANDSLIDE AT KM 34
NEAR THE EXIT ROAD
TO GENTING
HIGHLANDS
(20-KILLED)
The need to have an integrated
disaster management system to
deal with any kind of disaster
The need to
formulate a policy
and mechanism of
Disaster
Management in an
integrated,
coordinated and
systematic manner
to manage and
handle disasters on
land.
LESSON
LEARNED
The need to have
a specialised and
highly skilled
search and rescue
team.
The need to have a
sound system of
coordination
among agencies in
search and rescue
operations as well
as relief and
rehabilitation.
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
DIRECTIVE NO. 20
(The Policy and Mechanism on National
Disaster and Relief Management)
Following the tragedy of the collape of Highland
Towers Condominium, the Malaysian Cabinet made
a decision to form a mechanism under the National
Security Division, Prime Minister Dept for the
management of on scene incident in major disaster
on land.
AIM OF NSC
DIRECTIVE NO. 20
NSC DIRECTIVES NO. 20
EXECUTIVE ORDERS BY PRIME MINISTERS
The reduce casualties
and minimise damage
to properties.
To prevent disasters
from spreading.
To coordinate relief
and rehabilitation to
victims.
To coordinate relief
and rehabilitation to
victims.
To outline a Policy on
Disaster Management and
Relief on LAND according
to the level of disaster.
To preserve the environment.
To immediately bring back the
situation to normalcy.
To establish a
Management
Mechanism with the
purpose of
determining the roles
and responsibilities of
the various agencies
involved in handling
disaster.
POLICY OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

To have an integrated system of disaster
management with emphasis on the concerted and
coordinated actions.

Integrated disaster management system means “a
combined and coordinated response of the various
agencies in the management of disaster”.

Coordinated and concerted actions means “the
harmonious integration of all agencies involved
with the objective to handle the disaster efficiently
and bringing the situation back to normalcy”.
DEFINITION OF
DISASTER
For the purpose of NSC Directive No. 20, disaster is
defined as “an incident that occurs unexpectedly,
complex in nature, resulting in the loss of lives and
damage to properties and the environment as well as
interfering in the daily activities of the local community.
The incident requires the management which involves
resources, equipment, frequency and extensive
manpower from various agencies as well as effective
coordination and the possibility of taking complex actions
over a long period of time”
Accidents involving
the transportation,
channeling
and transferring
of hazardous
materials.
Industrial disasters : fire,
explosion and emission of
hazardous materials,
channeling and
transferring of hazardous
materials.
Natural disasters :
floods, storm, draughts,
beach erosion,
landslides or disaster
resulting from storm
and heavy rain.
Nuclear and
radiological mishaps.
The burst of hydro
dam or reservoir.
Trains collisions
or derailments.
TYPES OF
DISASTERS
Collapse of
high-rise buildings.
The emission of
poisonous gas in public places.
.
Fire outbreak in
large areas forest fires/
open burnings
Air accidents
that occur in
populated areas.
Haze, which causes
environmental disaster
MECHANISM OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
a)
In order to handle the disaster more effectively,
A Disaster Management and Relief Committee
(DMRC) is establish at the Federal, State and
District Level.
b)
The membership of DMRC is thus extended to
include many agencies in order to effectively
handle all types of disasters on land - (inter
agency and inter sectoral approach in Disaster
Management).
Member of DMRC At Federal Level
Chairman
:
The Honourable Deputy Prime
Minister
Deputy
:
Minister of Information.
Members
:
Minister of Finance.
Minister of National Unity
and Community Development.
Chief Secretary to the
Government.
Chief of the Armed Forces.
Inspector General of Police.
Director General of Health.
Director General National Security
Division.
Director General Fire and Rescue
Department.
Director General of Atomic Energy
Licencing Board.
Director General of Broadcasting.
Director General of Information.
Director General of Road
Transport Department.
Director General of Civil Defence
Department.
Director General of Public Works
Department.
Director General of
Department of Environment.
Director General of Social
Welfare.
Director General of Department of
Occupational Safety and Health.
Director General of Meteorological
Department.
Director General of Department of
Civil Aviation.
Director General of Geological
Survey Department.
Director General of Drainage
and Irrigation Department.
Representative of Attorney
General.
Director of Budget, Ministry of
Finance.
Director of RELA.
Also Present
:
Other related officers.
Secretariat
:
Director of Crisis and
Disaster Management Unit
National Security Division
Prime Minister’s Department.
Member of DMRC At State Level
Chairman
:
State Secretary.
Members
:
State Chief Police Officer.
Brigade Commander of
Armed Forces.
State Director of Fire and
Rescue Department.
State Director of Health.
Other Directors of Various
Agencies at State Level.
Secretariat
:
Director of State NSD.
Member of DMRC At District Level
Chairman
:
District Officer.
Members
:
Officer in Charge of Police
District (OCPD).
District Fire and Rescue
Department Officer.
Representatives from
Various Government
Departments and
Agencies at District Level.
Secretariat
:
Assistant Director of District
NSD.
FUNCTIONS OF DMRC

At Federal Level : To formulate policies and
strategies of national disaster management.

At State and District Level : To ensure that
procedures and plans of actions in disaster management are
implemented.

To coordinate the activities of disaster mitigation.

To coordinate and mobilise logistic requirements from
Government and private sectors for disaster operation.

To formulate and implement disaster awareness and education.

To coordinate disaster drill and exercise.
HANDLING OF DISASTERS
DISASTRIOUS INCIDENTS
Natural Disasters
Industrial Disasters
Collapse of Buildings and Structures
Trains collisions or derailment
Emission of poisonous gas
Outbreak of major fires
Air accidents in populated area
NSC Directive No. 20
(Policy and Mechanism of National Disaster
Management)
District Disaster Management
and Relief Committee
State Disaster
Management and Relief
Committee
Integration and involvement of relevant
Federal Disaster
Management and Relief
Committee
Fire and Rescue Department
Royal Malaysia Police
Malaysia Armed Forces
Civil Defence Department
SMART
Hospital
Social Welfare Department
Malaysia Red Crescent
St. John Ambulance
RELA
Public Works Department
Geological Department
Information Department
Local Authorities
TNB
STMB
Voluntary Organisations/NGOs
Search and
Rescue
Communication
Emergency Medicine
Emergency Relief
and Welfare
Logistic and
Workforce
Media Handling
Technical / Experts
advice
Security and traffic
control
Evacuation of
Victims
Electricity and basic
necessities
AGENCIES ROLES AT DISASTER SITE
SEARCH AND RESCUE
 SMART
 Police
 ATM
 Fire and Rescue
Department
 Civil Defence
Department
 ETC
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
SERVICE
Hospital
Malaysia Red Crescent
St. John Ambulance
ETC
SUPPORT
Local Authorities
Public Works
Department
Telephone Board
Electricity Board
The Army
The Police
ETC
MEDIA
Information
Department
Broadcasting
Department
SECURITY
CONTROL
WELFARE
Social Welfare Department
Voluntary Organisation
ETC
The Police
RELA
ETC
COMMAND AN CONTROL
ON-SCENE CONTROL POST
(OSCP)

Established and headed by the OCPD.

Coordinate and implement all activities related to
disaster operation such as search and rescue and
relief works at the scene.
ON-SCENE COMMANDER

OCPD - District Level.

Chief Police Officer - State Level.

Director of Internal Security and Public Order of
Royal Malaysia Police – Federal Level.
DISASTER OPERATION
CONTROL CENTRE (DOCC)

Disaster Management and Relief Committee hold
the meeting at the DOCC.

Headed by the District Officer at District Level,
State Secretary at State Level and National DMRC
Chairman at Federal Level.

Monitor the development of disaster.

Coordinate efforts in search and rescue,
emergency and relief in order to ensure that these
efforts are effectively and smoothly implemented.
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL
SECURITY DIVISION

Secretariat to the DOCC.

To ensure and procure equipment required for the
DOCC to operate.

To ensure that the policy and mechanism in disaster
management are observed.

To activate the DOCC:

In time of impending disaster (NSC Ops Order 1/98
on open burning and forest fires).

In time of disaster.

To carry out the disaster post mortem.
IMPLICATION OF NSC
DIRECTIVE NO. 20
Enforcement

With effect from 11 May 1997.

All other Disaster Management Committees, which monitor
disasters on land such as Industrial Disaster Committee, are
dissolved.
Administration

All agencies concerned to prepare their SOPs.

SOP should include measures taken in disaster prevention.
e.g. SOP for DOSH should include:

measures taken on factories /
hazardous plants in “Safety and Health
Audit” (SHE AUDIT).

review and update “Emergency
Response Plans (ERP)” of industries /
factories in order to prevent and handle
industrial accident / disaster.
CONCLUSION
 NSC Directive No. 20 is a proactive and reactive
generic plan in disaster management.
 Integrated disaster management in prevention,
preparedness, response and recovery.
 Prevention
 Prevention measures in mitigation aspects to
minimise impact of disasters on life, properties
and environment.
 Preventive by enforcement of laws such as:
-
Land Conservation Act.
-
Environmental Quality Act 1974.
-
Local Government Act 1976.
-
Road, Drainage and Building Act.
-
Occupational Safety and Health
Act.
 Prevention by the practice of disaster awareness
and education.

Preparedness

Agencies should have SOPs and should be reviewed
and updated.

Agencies should enhance their disaster warning
systems.

To enhance communication system for effective
disaster handling.

To prepare and update Database on resources/
equipment.

Response


To mobilise search and rescue teams and
supporting personnel and relief resources to
disaster scene immediately.
Recovery

To reconstruct essential utilities, services and
houses.

Medical and health care for victims.

Relief assistance to victims.
e.g. financial, materials.
The elements of disaster management have broad
application. There is no single and specific method in
handling a disaster. The application and method of
disaster management do not only depend on types,
location and levels of disaster, but also depend on the
effectiveness and good system of management as well
as the total commitment of Agencies involved in
handling a disaster.