Korea : Recent Projects in
Nuclear, Particle and Astrophysics
Sun Kee Kim
Rare Isotope Science Project
Institute for Basic Science
Joint workshop of the France Japan and
France Korea Particle Physics Laboratories
Nuclear, Particles and Astrophysics Researches
Major Accelerator Experiments
have been covered
by Korean Physics community
Non-accelerator Experiments
BNL : PHENIX, STAR (RHIC)
Domestic programs
JLAB : Nuclear Experiments
KIMS (2000- ) – DM search
AMoRE (R&D phase) – DBD search
SuperK : undeground neutrino exp.
ATIC, CREAM, AMS : space based exp.
FNAL : E531, E653, FOCUS, CDF, Dzero TA : Ground array for HE cosmic rays
KEK : AMY(TRISTAN), Belle (KEKB)
Nuclear Experiments (PS)
J-PARC : Nuclear Experiments, T2K
CERN : L3 (LEP), CMS, ALICE (LHC)
DESY : ZEUS (HERA)
GSI : Nuclear experiments
RENO (2006- )
– Reactor neutrino
RISP (2011.12- )
- Construction of accelerator
complex for rare isotope science
RCMST (2006- )
- Space astrophysics program
Brief History of Korean Efforts at CERN
 1980-1990: Prehistoric age (individual based)
 1990-1998: LEP age (research group based)
–
e+ e- collisions at Z0, W pair production energies
• ALEPH : KU, KWNU et al., L3: KNU, KAIST et al.
– Neutrino oscillation : CHORUS : KSNU et al.
 1998-2006: LHC preparation age (university based)
– MOST (Former MEST) funded “Korea-CMS” (~$2M)
• 12 universities
– Superconducting magnet platform (815kCHF)
– Forward RPC production (500kCHF)
– Online DAQ hardware (500kCHF)
 2007-present: LHC age (federation based)
– Organization : Ministry, Funding Agency, Research Teams
– Federations of universities : Korea CMS, Korea ALICE
• Research, communication, competition, evaluation,
• M&O-A, M&O-B, contributions to H/W construction
– Supporting programs, Fellowship, Education
• CMS/ALICE Tier2 computing
• Korea-CERN Theory Fellowship
• High-School Teacher Educationt
Slides by I.C.Park
K-CERN Program Organization
MEST
CERN-Korea
Committee (CKC)
K-CERN Program
Review Committee
Korea
CMS
7 univs.
70 members
Korea
ALICE
4 univs.
40 members
More than 100 members !
Tier2
LCG
CMS: KNU
ALICE: KISITI
Theory
KPS
PP div.
HST
High School
Teacher Program
K-CERN Program budget
 Budget profile
– Small bang  inflation  slow down  accelerating expansion..
• Contribution to CMS/ALICE upgrade (LHC LS1, LS2)
– Dark Energy : MEST / NRF + visitors + media …
(Unit: 1BWon~M$)
CERN-Korea
Host
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
KCMS
UOS
0.8
0.75
1.50
1.42
1.45
1.78
KoALICE
PNU
0.2
0.25
0.50
0.58
0.55
0.72
CMS Tier2
KNU
-
-
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
ALICE Tier2
KISTI
-
0.1
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
Theory
KPS
-
-
0.25
0.35
0.35
0.35
M&O-A
NRF
0.14
0.17
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.27
1.14
1.27
2.95
3.05
3.05
3.52
Programs
Total
Belle and Korean activities
•
•
•
•
•
Construction of electromagnetic calorimeter
Fabrication of calorimeter trigger modules
Cluster logics (both on/offline)
DST production manager/DAQ construction
Physics Coordinator (Y.J.Kwon)
Out of 350 papers, we wrote 25 of them
S. K. Choi wrote the historic X(3872) paper
Belle-II
• Belle-II: asymmetric B meson super factory, 2015 – 2025(?)
Almost new spectrometer
- thinned pixel (for the first time in B-factory)
- new DSSD, new drift chamber
- new PID (TOP for barrel, A-RICH for endcap)
- new endcap calorimeter : pure CsI
- new readout (fully pipelined)
- new DAQ/Trigger
Korean group contribution
• Drift chamber based online 3D trigger
• PWO-II R&D for endcap calorimeter
• DSSD assembly
• Calorimeter trigger electronics
• Institutional Board Chair (E.I. Won)
Sites of Domestic Facilities
KIMS, AMoRE
RISP
RENO
YangYang Underground Laboratory(Y2L)
(Upper Dam)
Y2L
• Located in a tunnel of
Yangyang Pumped Storage Power Plant
Korea Middleland Power Co.
• Minimum depth : 700 m
• Access to the lab by car (~2km)
Experiments:
• KIMS: DM search exp. in operation
• AMORE: DBD Search exp. in preparation
(Power Plant)
(Lower Dam)
April/26/2012
KILC12, Daegu, Korea
9
KIMS(Korea Invisible Mass Search)
DM search experiment with CsI crystal
CsI(Tl) Crystal 8x8x30 cm3 (8.7 kg)
3” PMT (9269QA) : Quartz window, RbCs photo cathode
~5 Photo-electron/keV
SD interaction
PRL 99, 091301 (2007)
Best limit on SD interactions
in case of pure proton coupling
April/26/2012
12 crystals(104.4kg) running
• Stable data taking for more than a year
• Unique experiment to test DAMA annual modulation
KILC12, Daegu, Korea
10
Latest results from KIMS
Using 24523.7 kg data taken during 2009.9- 2010.8 with PSD method
Annual Modulation analysis in progress
• 2.5 years DATA (2009. 9. 1 – 2012. 2. 29)
• KIMS CsI crystal has 134Cs (2.2 year
half-life) contribution at low energy.
• Modulation analysis is done including
the decay of 134Cs and flat background.
AMoRE Experiment at Y2L
Double beta decay search with 40Ca100MoO4 crystal
Int. Collaboration : Korea, Russia, Ukraine, China,
Germany in preparation (not funded yet !)
40Ca100MoO
crystal
- Unique in the world (depleted Ca + enriched Mo)
- Scintillation crystal + Cryogentic detector
4
MMC+CMO at low temperature
Energy spectrum for 600 keV gamma
Scintillation readout
good DM detector as well
Cryogenic CaMoO4 Sensitivity
0.5% FWHM 15 keV FWHM for low temp.
5 years, 100 kg 40Ca100MoO4 :
T1/2 = 7.0x1026 years  <m> = 20 – 70 meV
Fully covers inverted hierarchy
April/26/2012
12
AMoRE Low Temperature
First measurement
(CaMoO4 + Metallic Mag. Cal.)
New setup
(Ø4cmx4cm crystal)
MMC Phonon
sensor
11keV FWHM
@ 5.5 MeV
Final setup
(Phonon + light sensors)
Si or Ge
1.7keV FWHM
@ 60 keV
Additional light sensor
(TES or MMC)
CaMoO4
Phonon sensor
Astroparticle physics 34 732 (2011)
KIMS(Korea Invisible Mass Search) collaboration
Seoul National University: H.C.Bhang, J.H.Choi, S.C.Kim, S.K.Kim, J.H.Lee, M.J.Lee,
S.J.Lee, S.S.Myung
Sejong University: U.G.Kang, Y.D.Kim, J.I. Lee
Kyungpook National University: H.J.Kim, J.H.So, S.C.Yang
Yonsei University: M.J.Hwang, Y.J.Kwon
Ewha Womans University: I.S.Hahn
Korea Research Institute of Standard Sciences : Y.H.Kim, K.B.Lee, M. Lee
Institute of High Energy Physics J.Li
Tsinghua University : Y.Li, Q.Yue
AMoRE Collaboration
5 countries
8 institutions
Korea (39)
Seoul National University : H.Bhang, S.Choi, M.J.Kim, S.K.Kim, M.J.Lee, S.S.Myung, S.Olsen, Y. Sato, K.Tanida, S.C.Kim, J.Choi,
S.J.Lee, J.H.Lee, J.K.Lee, H.Kang, H.K.Kang, Y.Oh, S.J.Kim, E.H.Kim, K.Tshoo, D.K.Kim, X.Li, J.Li, H.S.Lee (24)
Sejong University : Y.D.Kim, E.-J.Jeon, K. Ma, J.I.Lee, W.Kang, J.Hwa (5)
Kyungpook national University : H.J.Kim, J.So, Gul Rooh, Y.S.Hwang(4)
KRISS : Y.H.Kim, M.K.Lee, H.S.Park, J.H.Kim, J.M.Lee, K.B.Lee (6)
Russia (16)
ITEP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics) : V.Kornoukhov, P. Ploz, N.Khanbekov (3)
Baksan National Observatory : A.Ganggapshev, A.Gezhaev, V.Gurentsov, V.Kuzminov, V.Kazalov, O.Mineev, S.Panasenko,
S.Ratkevich, A.Verensnikova, S.Yakimenko, N.Yershov, K.Efendiev, Y.Gabriljuk (13)
Ukraine(11)
INR(Institute for Nuclear Research) : F.Danevich, V.Tretyak, V.Kobychev, A.Nikolaiko, D.Poda, R.Boiko, R.Podviianiuk,
S.Nagorny, O.Polischuk, V.Kudovbenko, D.Chernyak(11)
China(2)
Tsinghua University : Y.Li, Q.Yue(2)
Germany(3)
Heidelberg University : C. Enss, A. Fleischmann, L. Gastaldo(3)
14
RENO Collaboration
(12 institutions and 40 physicists)
 Chonbuk National University
 Chonnam National University
 Chung-Ang University
 Dongshin University
 Gyeongsang National University
 Kyungpook National University
 Pusan National University
 Sejong University
 Seokyeong University
 Seoul National University
 Seoyeong University
 Sungkyunkwan University
 Total cost : $10M
 Start of project : 2006
 The first experiment running
with both near & far detectors
from Aug. 2011
Slides by S.B.Kim
RENO Detector
 354 ID +67 OD 10” PMTs
 Target : 16.5 ton Gd-LS, R=1.4m, H=3.2m
 Gamma Catcher : 30 ton LS, R=2.0m, H=4.4m
 Buffer : 65 ton mineral oil, R=2.7m, H=5.8m
 Veto : 350 ton water, R=4.2m, H=8.8m
Data-Taking & Data Set
 Data taking began on Aug. 1, 2011
with both near and far detectors.
 Data-taking efficiency
 Data-taking efficiency > 90%.
 Trigger rate at the threshold energy
of 0.5~0.6 MeV : 80 Hz
 Data-taking period : 228 days
Aug. 11, 2011 ~ Mar. 25, 2012
Event rate before reduction
208Tl
A candidate for a
neutron capture
by Gd
40K
2 MeV
n capture by Gd
6 MeV
10 MeV
Reactor Antineutrino Disappearance
Far
 observed
R  Far
 0.920  0.009( stat.)  0.014( syst .)
 exp ected
 A clear deficit in rate (8.0% reduction)
 Consistent with neutrino oscillation in the spectral
distortion
sin 2 213  0.113  0.013( stat.)  0.019( syst .)
Science Business Belt
Accelerator complex
Institute for Basic Science
Organization of
IBS (Institute for Basic Science)
4. Organizational
Structure
Board of Directors
Auditor
Scientific Advisory Board
President
Accelerator Institute
(Affiliated Institution)
Secretariats
Rare Isotope Science Project
Research Center
(Headquarters)
Office of
Policy Planning
Office of
Research Services
Research Center
(Campus)
Research Center
(Extramural)
Office of Administrative
Services
IBS consists of 50 research centers, supporting organizations, and affiliated research institutes
Each Research Center : ~50 staff, average annual budget ~ 9 M USD
The number of staff: 3,000 (2017, including visiting scientists and students)
Annual Budget: USD 610 million (2017, including operational cost for the Accelerator Institute)
4
Research Topics with Rare Isotopes
 Nuclear Physics
Origin of Elements
 Exotic nuclei near the neutron drip line
 Superheavy Elements (SHE)
 Equation-of-state (EoS) of nuclear matter
 Nuclear data with fast neutrons
 Basic nuclear reaction data for future
nuclear energy
 Nuclear waste transmutation
Stellar Evolution
 Nuclear Astrophysics
 Origin of nuclei
 Paths of nucleosynthesis
 Neutron stars and supernovae
 Atomic/Particle physics
 Atomic trap
 Fundamental symmetries
 Material science
 Production & Characterization of new materials
 -NMR / SR
 Medical and Bio sciences
Application of Rare Isotopes
 Advanced therapy technology
 Mutation of DNA
23
 New isotopes for medical imaging
Isotope
Reaction
15
15
O(α,γ)19Ne
O
45
45
V(p,γ)46Cr
V
132
Sn
132
Sn+208Pb :
204
Pt126 +X
Energy
Intensity
Source
Comments
< 10 A MeV
>1011 pps
ISOL(O-16)
Escape Process to rp process
from hot CNO cycle
0.613 ~ 2.25 A MeV
>107 ~ 109
IF → ISOL Gas
stopping
Reaction contributing to the
explosion of Core-collapse SN
>100 A MeV
>109 pps
ISOL(U-238)
Change of nuclear structure,
shell structure near N=126
neutron rich isotopes; 204Pt, 196Yb
Making Rare Isotope Beam
Target spallation, fission by energetic light projectile
ISOL(Isotope Separator On-Line)
p  thick target (eg. Uranium Carbide)
fission fragments  rare isotopes
Projectile fragmentation
IF(In-Flight Fragmentation)
Heavy ion beam  thin target
projectile fragmentation
 high energy RI beam or
 stopping and reacceleration
Rare Isotope Factory
 High intensity RI beams by ISOL & IF
70kW ISOL from direct fission of 238U induced by 70MeV, 1mA p
400kW IF by 200MeV/u, 8pμA 238U
 High energy, high intensity & high quality neutron-rich RI beams
132Sn
with up to ~250MeV/u, up to 9x108 pps
 More exotic RI beams by ISOL+IF+ISOL(trap)
 Simultaneous operation modes for the maximum use of the facility
Accelerator
Beam specification
Components
Driver Linac
p, 600 MeV, 660 pμA
U+78, 200 MeV, 8 pμA
ECR-IS, LEBT, RFQ, MEBT, QWR, HWR,
Charge Stripper, SSR1, SSR2
Post Linac
RI, ~ 18 MeV/u
Charge Breeder, ECL-IS, LEBT
RFQ, MEBT, QWR, HWR
Cyclotron
p, 70 MeV, 1mA
Cyclotron, Pulsed ion source, Charge
Stripper, Beam line
26
Concept of the Accelerator Complex
Driver Linac
U33+ RFQ
SCL
200 MeV/u (U),
8 pμA
SCL
Stripper
18 MeV/u
28 GHz
SC ECR IS
H2+, D+
Medical science
Material science
Future Extension
μSR
Spallation,
Fission Target
Medical
Research
Data
MaterialNuclear
science
Post Linac
Material
Science
SCL
18 MeV/u
70 kW
Cyclotron
Beta-NMR
RF Cooler
RFQ
1~5 MeV/u
Low Energy Experiments
Nuclear Astrophysics
Material science, Bio science
Medical science, Nuclear data
0.3 MeV/u
Fragment
Separator
400 kW
Target
Gas
Catcher,
Gas cell
Mass
Separator
10 keV/u
Charge Breeder
ECR IS
Atomic Trap
Experiments
Atomic / Nuclear
physics
High Energy
Experiments
Nuclear Physics
SC Linac 200MeV/u for 238U, 600 MeV for p  IF driver, high power ISOL driver
Cyclotron 70 MeV for p  ISOL driver
SC Linac ISOL post accelerator 18 MeV/u
Facilities for the scientific researches
- Design of the experimental facilities in conceptual level
- User training program with the international collaboration
Multi-Purpose Spectrometer
High Resolution Spectrometer
Nuclear Structure
Nuclear Matter
Large Acceptance Multi-Purpose Spectrometer (LAMPS)
Nuclear Astrophysics
Korea Recoil Spectrometer (KRS)
Atomic physics
Atom & Ion Trap System
Nuclear data by fast neutrons
neutron Time-of-Flight (n-ToF)
Material science
Β-NMR/NQR
Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD)
Laser Selective Ionizer
Medical and Bio sciences
Heavy Ion Therapy
Irradiation Facility
28
Conceptual Design of LAMPS
(high energy)
For B=1.5 T,
• Dipole acceptance ≥ 50mSr
p/Z ≈ 0.35 GeV/c • Dipole length =1.0 m
at 110o
• TOF length ~8.0 m
Low p/Z
High p/Z
Science Goal:
using isototpes with high
N/Z at high energy for
Nuclear structure
Nuclear EOS
Symmetry energy
EX: : Nuclear collision of
132Sn of ~250 MeV/u
For B=1.5 T,
p/Z ≈ 1.5 GeV/c at 30o
Solenoid
magnet Dipole magnet: We can also consider
the large aperture superconducting
dipole magnet (SAMURAI type).
Neutron-detector array
: Nuclear collision
experiment with 132Sn of
~250 MeV per nucleon
Status and Plan of the RISP
• Conceptual Design report (Mar. 2010 - Feb. 2011)
• IAC review (Jul. 2011 – Oct. 2011)
• Rare Isotope Science Project started in IBS (Dec. 2011)
• RISP Workshop on accelerator systems (May 6 – 9, 2012)
• TAC ( May 10, 2012), IAC( June or July, 2012)
• Baseline Design Summary (by June 2012)
• Technical Design Report (by June 2013)
Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP)
Project: Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP)
 21C Frontier R&D Program, MEST, Republic of Korea
Objectives:
 To develop a High Power Proton Linac (100MeV, 20mA)
 To develop Beam Utilization & Accelerator Application Technologies
 To Industrialize Developed Technologies
Period: July 2002 – December 2012
Budget: 307.4 B KRW (~275.0 M US$)
 Gov.: 176.3B(57.3%), Local Gov.: 118.2B(38.5%), Industry: 12.9B(4.2%)
 66B KRW to Accel. & Beamline (including R&D & personnel expenses )
Schematics of PEFP Linac & Beam Lines
100 MeV
20 MeV
3 MeV
Future
Extension
TR105
TR104
TR101
TR103
TR102
TR25
TR24
100 MeV
Beamlines
TR21
TR23
TR22
20 MeV
Beamlines20MeV was operated for 5 years at Daejeon
100MeV is now being installed at Gyeongju
Features of the PEFP linac
• 50 keV Injector (Ion Source + LEBT)
• 3 MeV RFQ (4-vane type)
• 20 & 100 MeV DTL
• RF Frequency : 350 MHz
• Beam Extractions at 20 or 100 MeV
• 5 Beamlines for 20 MeV & 100 MeV
- Beam to be distributed to 3 BL via AC
Output Energy (MeV)
20
100
Peak Beam Current (mA)
20
20
Max. Beam Duty (%)
24
8
Avg. Beam Current (mA)
4.8
1.6
Pulse Length (ms)
2
1.33
Max. Repetition Rate (Hz)
120
60
Max. Avg. Beam Power (kW)
96
160
Extension Plan of the 100MeV Proton Accelerator
GeV Linac
100 MeV Linac
 Long pulse spallation neutron source
 Short pulse spallation neutron source
 GeV beam utilization
 Injector for high energy machine
 Linac requirement : Beam energy ~GeV, Beam power ~ MW, Pulse width ~ ms
 Superconducting RF linac is one of candidates for the linac extension
Slides by H.-J. Kwon
Accelerator Based HEP Roadmap
(2009.4, KHEP Association)
2005
2010
PEFP
2015
2030
Neutron/Muon Source
SC(1GeV)
High Power PS – neutrino factory,  Collider
Proton Drive (8-10 GeV)
KoRIA (Superconducting)
2nd Phase PEFP or SC of KoRIA
Superconducting Cavity Technology
As first priorit
2025
100 MeV Proton Accelerator
RCS(1GeV)
Try to connect the
PEFP, KoRIA, Photon Facotry Programs
with HEP Plans
2020
ILC (Superconducting)
Smaill e-Linac for Rare Isotope production
by photofission at KoRIA
Options:
After 2015 Proton Drive or ILC
200 MeV Rare Isotope Accelerator
500 GeV - 1 TeV e+e- collider
Super Charm
3 GeV e+e- collider
Options considered: ILC or Super Charm, post-ILC
Next ILC
LHC (7+7 TeV)
SLHC
Super KEKB
ILC
J-PARC
FAIR
FRIB
> 3 TeV e+e-
Summary
Korean Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics research programs
Past
- started with international collaboration in individual bases in mid 70s- mid80s
- grow manpower and expertise
Present
- work as team – Korean group in an organized way with government support
- start to play an important role in large international collaboration
- domestic experiments are successfully built and produce important results
Future
- leading science facilities including the rare isotope accelerator will be constructed
 National Laboratory
 contribution to world science community
Thank you for your attention !