Wheelock XXV
Infinitives
Indirect Statement
Infinitives
We know present active and present passive:
Active
Passive
1st
-āre
-ārī
2nd
-ēre
-ērī
3rd/3rd-io
-ere
-ī
4th
-īre
-īrī
Infinitives
However, each verb has six infinitives:
Active
Passive
PRESENT
-āre/-ēre/-ere/-īre
-ārī/-ērī/-ī/-īrī
PERFECT
perfect stem + -isse
perf. pass.
participle + esse
FUTURE
fut. act. participle + [supine in -um +
esse
īrī]
Infinitives
Example:
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum = to lead
Active
Passive
PRESENT
agere, to lead
agī, to be led
PERFECT
ēgisse, to have led
actus,-a,-um esse,
to have been led
FUTURE
āctūrus, -a, -um
esse, to be about to
lead
āctum īrī,
to be about to be
led
Practice
Translate:
laudāre
cēpisse
laudāturus esse
monita esse
capī
laudārī
•
•
•
•
•
•
Infinitives are used in
INDIRECT STATEMENTS
What on earth is an indirect statement?
- Pretend Mr. Hudec said this to the class:
Julia is a good student.
- These are direct quotes:
"Julia is a good student, " said Mr. Hudec.
Mr. Hudec said, "Julia is a good student."
- However, that can also be reported via indirect
statement:
Mr. Hudec said that Julia is a good student.
Infinitives are used in
INDIRECT STATEMENTS
The same thing happens in Latin... but it looks a little
different:
Mr. Hudecus dīxit Iūliam esse discipulam bonam.
Note:
1. The subject of an indirect statement is always
accusative (treat it as nominative)
2. The verb of an indirect statement is always an
infinitive form.
3. You'll have to supply the word that.
Recognizing Indirect Statement
•
They are regularly employed after verbs of speech,
mental activity, or sense perception (i.e., saying,
thinking, knowing, perceiving, feeling, seeing,
hearing, etc.)
o
o
o
•
o
Saying: dīcō, negō, āit, nūntiō, narrō, scrībō, doceō,
ostendō, moneō, petō
Knowing: sciō, nesciō, intellegō, memoriā teneō, discō
Thinking: cernō, cōgitō, crēdō, habeō, putō, spērō
Perceiving/Feeling: audiō, videō, sentiō, gaudeō
Look for that main verb of speech/mental activity;
find an accusative and infinitive in the following
phrase
Practice
1. Gāius dīcit eam amāre eum.
1. Gāius dīcit eam amārī eō.
1. Putamus Marcum basiavisse puellam.
1. Sciō Cicerōnem fugiturum esse.
Tricky Part: Time
1. The present infinitive indicates same time as main
verb (contemporaneous infinitive)
1. The perfect infinitive indicated time before the
main verb (prior infinitive)
1. The future infinitive indicates time after the main
verb (subsequent infinitive)
Time: Let me put it this way
Dīcunt
(They say)
Dīxērunt
(They said)
Dīcent
(They will
say)
eum iuvāre eam
that he is helping her
eum iūvisse eam
that he helped her
eum iūtūrum esse
eam
that he will help her
eum iuvāre eam
that he was helping her
eum iūvisse eam
that he had helped her
eum iūtūrum esse
eam
that he would help her
eum iuvāre eam
that he is helping her
eum iūvisse eam
that he helped her
eum iūtūrum esse eam
that he will help her
Examples:
1. Gāius dīcit sē iūvisse eam.
2. Gāius dīxit eum iūvisse eam.
3. Gāius dīcit litterās ā sē scrīptās esse.
4. Discipulī putant sē Latīnam amātūrōs esse.
5. Magistra scīvit discipulās Latīnam amātūrās esse.
Sententiae Antīquae
6. Id factum esse nōn negāvit.
7. Hīs rēbus prōnūntiātīs, eum esse hostem scīvistī.
8. Eum ab hostibus exspectārī nunc sentīs.
9. Vīdī eōs in urbe remānisse et nōbīscum esse.
10.Idem crēdō tibi faciendum esse.
11.Hostibus sē in cīvitātem vertentibus, senātus
Cincinnāto nūntiāvit eum factum esse dictātōrem.
Sententiae Antīquae
12.Tē esse fidēlem mihi sciēbam.
13.Dīcō tē, Pyrrhe, Rōmānōs posse vincere.
14.Sōcratēs putābat sē esse cīvem tōtīus mundī.
15.Negāvī, autem, mortem timendam esse.
16.Illī magistrī negant quemquam virum esse bonum
nisi sapientem. (quisquam = anyone; any)
Hīc alius magnus timor (Ō fābula misera!) animōs
caecōs nostrōs terret.
Lāocoōn, sacerdōs Neptūnī fortūnā factus, taurum ad
āram in lītore mactābat. Tum geminī serpentēs
potentēs, mare prementēs, ab īnsulā ad lītora
currunt. Iamque agrōs tenēbant et, oculīs igne
ardentibus, ōra linguīs sībilīs lambēbant.
This is a really good story but with very little indirect
statement. Give it to them to translate sometime.
It's fun.
Wheelock 25 Vocabulary
1. ferōx, ferōcis (gen.)
6. nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī…
2. geminus, -a, -um
7. spērō, spērāre, spērāvī…
3. patefaciō, patefacere…
8. āit, āiunt
4. iaceō, iacēre, iacuī
9. dehinc
5. putō, putāre…
10. lingua, -ae
11. When one item is subjacent to another, it literally
__________ ________ it.
12. The penultimate item in a series is ________ _______.
13. Sapience, or the potential to be _____, separates us from
the beasts.
14. A credulous person is excessively ready to ______ things.
15. Provide an English derivative from 1-10.
Wheelock 25 Grammar Quiz
1. Provide an infinitive chart (Latin and English) for
crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum. (12 points)
2. The verb contained within an indirect statement
is in what form? (3 points)
3. The subject of an indirect statement is in what
case? (3 points)
4. Translate the following sentences; underline the
indirect statement. (3 points each)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tē esse fidēlem mihi sciēbam.
Sciō Cicerōnem fugiturum esse.
Vīdī eōs in urbe remānisse et nōbīscum esse.
Id factum esse nōn negāvit.
Bonus
1. Bene sciō mē multa nescīre.
2. When might a woman experience post
partum depression?
3. You may make an additional comment after
the script of a letter by adding P.S. What
would you put if you added another?