SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q1)
•Compare and
contrast
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
below. List at least
three things they
have in common,
and at least two
ways they are
different.
Q1
•Compare
and
contrast
prokaryotic
and
eukaryotic
cells below.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q2)
•Which theory is
depicted in the
diagram below?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q2)
•Which theory is
depicted in the
diagram below?
Endosymbiotic Theory
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q3)
•What are the
two main
functions of
the cell
membrane?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q3)
•What are the
two main
functions of
the cell
membrane?
1.Provide the cell with
structure and support
2. Control what
materials enter and
leave the cell
(selectively permeable)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q4)
Define
homeostasis?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q4)
Define
homeostasis?
process of
maintaining a stable
internal environment
*all living things do this
• DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
HIGH to LOW
No energy
HIGH to LOW
No energy
HIGH to LOW
No energy
Low to High
Needs ENERGY
Particle movement
RED
Water movement
BLUE
Large Particles through
a PROTEIN
PURPLE
Large Particles through a
PROTEIN PURPLE
REQUIRES ATP!
SEMSTER EXAM REVIEW –
(SOOOOOOOO…….what is happening)?
SEEMSTER EXAM REVIEW –
(what is happening)?
*This is Facilitated Diffusion
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q6)…about 4
questions on the final
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q6)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q6)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q6)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q6)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q6) – 4 questions
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q7)
•Describe the process
shown in the picture
below, using the
terms monomer and
polymer:
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW (Q7)
•Describe the process
shown in the picture
below, using the
terms monomer and
polymer:
•Monomers
combining to
form a polymer
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW Q8
•Circle the word that correctly completes
each sentence about enzymes below:
•Enzymes are biological (catalysts /
depressants).
•Enzymes fit with (one / more than one)
type of substrate.
•Enzymes work best under (specific / any)
conditions.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW Q8
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q8
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q8
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q9
•Label a nitrogenous base, sugar,
phosphate on the DNA molecule below:
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q9
•Label a nitrogenous base, sugar,
phosphate on the DNA molecule below:
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q8
•Label a nitrogenous base, sugar,
phosphate on the DNA molecule below:
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q9
•Label a nitrogenous base, sugar,
phosphate on the DNA molecule below:
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q10
• A portion of one strand of a DNA molecule has
the sequence shown below.
• Assuming there are no mutations, what is the
corresponding DNA base pair sequence?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q10
• A portion of one strand of a DNA molecule has
the sequence shown below.
• Assuming there are no mutations, what is the
corresponding DNA base pair sequence?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q11
•Which components of DNA are referred to
as the genetic code?
•(hint: what part of the DNA molecule is
different from one organism to another?)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q11
•Which components of DNA are referred to as
the genetic code?
•(hint: what part of the DNA molecule is
different from one organism to another?)
Nitrogenous bases
(A’s, T’s, C’s, G’s)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
•Define semi-conservative
replication:
Q12
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q12
•Define semi-conservative
replication:
Each half of the original DNA molecule is
joined with a new complementary DNA
strand.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q13
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q13
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
• In 1952 Rosalind Franklin took the
X-ray photograph shown below,
which gave the world its first look
at DNA.
• By studying this photograph,
scientists gained what knowledge?
Q14
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
• In 1952 Rosalind Franklin took the Xray photograph shown below, which
gave the world its first look at DNA.
• By studying this photograph,
scientists gained what knowledge?
double-helix STRUCTURE of DNA
Q14
TO DO IT.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q16
• A boy inherits genes that would ordinarily allow
him to be tall as an adult. However, his growth is
stunted as a result of poor nutrition. Explain why
this is an example of environmental influence on
gene expression and NOT expression of a hidden
gene.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q16
• A boy inherits genes that would ordinarily allow him
to be tall as an adult. However, his growth is stunted
as a result of poor nutrition. Explain why this is an
example of environmental influence on gene
expression and NOT expression of a hidden gene.
•environmental influence on gene expression
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q17
• Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that
codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A
partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a
sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.
• Circle the difference in the two sequences above. What type of
mutation is shown, and how do you know?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q17
• Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that
codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A
partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a
sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.
• Circle the difference in the two sequences above. What type of
mutation is shown, and how do you know?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q18
•How does the DNA code get
from the nucleus to the
ribosome? (hint: which molecule
carries it?)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q18
•How does the DNA code get
from the nucleus to the
ribosome? (hint: which molecule
carries it?)
•mRNA = code = info….carried by
messenger.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q19
•Cell differentiation is the process of a
stem cell changing into a specialized cell.
What can influence how a cell
differentiates? What characteristics of a
cell would NOT affect how a it
differentiates?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q19
•Cell differentiation is the process of a
stem cell changing into a specialized cell.
What can influence how a cell
differentiates? What characteristics of a
cell would NOT affect how a it
differentiates?
CELL SIZE
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q20
•List the four phases of mitosis and give a
three-word description of each:
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q20
•List the four phases of mitosis and give a threeword description of each:
Prophase = chromosomes become visible
Metaphase = chromosomes meet in middle
Anaphase = chromosomes move away
Telophase = 2 new nuclei form
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q21
• . A major component of atherosclerosis is the excessive
reproduction of smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels.
Certain drugs may have the potential to reverse or prevent
the unregulated reproduction of the diseased blood vessel
cells. If atherosclerosis is similar to cancer (unregulated
cell division), what cell process would need to be
controlled to prevent this disease?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q21
• . A major component of atherosclerosis is the excessive
reproduction of smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels.
Certain drugs may have the potential to reverse or
prevent the unregulated reproduction of the diseased
blood vessel cells. If atherosclerosis is similar to cancer
(unregulated cell division), what cell process would need
to be controlled to prevent this disease?
Meds would need to stop cell division
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q21
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q22
•Describe the activity of a cell
during interphase:
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q22
•Describe the activity of a cell
during interphase:
•The cell grows and replicates its
DNA. (G1, S, G2)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q23
•Crossing over between chromatids
during meiosis is significant in
heredity. This process most likely
leads to an increase in what?
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q23
•Crossing over between chromatids
during meiosis is significant in
heredity. This process most likely
leads to an increase in what?
•genetic variation (variety)
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q25
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q25
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q26
• The image below represents the processes that a cell goes through
during mitosis. The parent cell will divide, creating two daughter cells.
A student wishes to create a model of the mitotic process within a
cell. How many chromosomes should the daughter cells in the model
contain? Explain your answer.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q26
• The image below represents the processes that a cell goes through
during mitosis. The parent cell will divide, creating two daughter cells.
A student wishes to create a model of the mitotic process within a
cell. How many chromosomes should the daughter cells in the model
contain? Explain your answer.
Mitosis produces IDENTICAL copies of the parent
cell. So each new cell will have the exact same
number of chromosomes as the original.
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q27
• Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in
their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to
ensure that each gamete produced in the human
body has how many chromosomes? Explain your
answer.
•
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q27
• Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in
their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to
ensure that each gamete produced in the human
body has how many chromosomes? Explain your
answer.
23 (half of what you started with) since each
gamete (sperm or egg gets 23). Babies get half
their DNA rom mom and half from Dad……
•
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
•Which disorder
is shown in the
karyotype?
Q28
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
•Which disorder
is shown in the
karyotype?
•Trisomy 21
Q28
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
•Cross a blood
type O mother
and a type AB
father. List all
the possible
genotypes.
Q29
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
•Cross a blood
type O mother
and a type AB
father. List all
the possible
genotypes.
Q29
SEMESTER EXAM FINAL REVIEW
Q30
• In pea plants, tall stems (T) are dominant to
short stems (t), and yellow peas (Y) are
dominant to green peas (y). Complete a Punnett
square to show the genotypes of the offspring of
a a TTYy x Ttyy cross