ADJECTIVE WORD BANK
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acrimonious adj. Full of bitterness
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amorous adj. Having a propensity for falling in love.
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bleak adj. Desolate.
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bountiful adj. Showing abundance.
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callow adj. Without experience of the world.
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capacious adj. Roomy.
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comical adj. Funny.
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competitive adj. characterized by rivalry.
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despicable adj. Contemptible.
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eclectic adj. deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse
range of sources.
TYPES OF AFFIXES:
WHAT IS AN AFFIX?
AN ADDITIONAL ELEMENT PLACED AT THE BEGINNING OR END OF A ROOT
WORD, OR IN THE BODY OF A WORD, TO MODIFY ITS MEANING.
• Prefix: an affix placed before a word, base (root), or another prefix to modify
a term's meaning, as by making the term negative, as un- in unkind, by
signaling repetition, as re- in reinvent, or by indicating support, as pro- in
prohibition.
Ex: Unpredictable,________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________(5).
• Suffix: an affix follows the element/ root word, to change its meaning; to
which it is added, as -ly in kindly.
Ex: Disseminating,
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________(5).
ROOT WORD/ WORD ORIGIN
WHAT IS A ROOT WORD?
THE ROOT WORD IS THE PRIMARY LEXICAL UNIT OF A WORD, AND OF A
WORD FAMILY (ROOT IS THEN CALLED BASE WORD), WHICH CARRIES THE
MOST SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF SEMANTIC CONTENT AND CANNOT BE
REDUCED INTO SMALLER CONSTITUENTS.
• Etymology: The word etymology is derived from the Greek etumos which
means real or true. The ending ology (suffix), suggests the study/science of
something, as in biology or geology. And that is the etymology of etymology.
It is the study of the origins of words; how they evolved.
• Many words are derived from Greek or Latin words, and thus their etymology
can be reduced by defining their roots.
EX. Pseudo is a root word derived from the Greek word meaning false. In the
case of the word pseudonym, the Greek for name is nym. Therefore, the word
pseudonym means:___________________________.
• Ex. Malcontent: Latin root mal means bad, and the word content comes from
the Latin word contentus, meaning content or satisfied. Therefore, malcontent
means:_______________________________________.
LET’S GET OUR AFFIX ON!!!
(PREFIXES).
•
•
•
•
•
•
anti- against antifreeze
dis-* not, opposite of disagree
fore- before forecast
in-, im-, il-, ir-* not injustice, impossible
mid- middle midway
non- not nonsense
- de- opposite defrost
- en-, em- cause to encode, embrace
- in-, im- in infield
- inter- between interact
- mis- wrongly misfire
- over- over overlook
• pre- before prefix
• semi- half semicircle
• super- above superstar
- re-* again return
- sub- under submarine
- trans- across transport
• un-* not unfriendly
- under- under undersea
FIGURE IT OUT!
IDENTIFY THREE (3) VOCABULARY WORDS FROM THE PASSAGE WITH YOUR GROUP, AND
USE YOUR ANNOTATION STRATEGY TO DISCERN THE MEANING OF THE WORDS BY
PICKING THE BEST MATCH. (5-7 MINUTES)
Silvia has always been exceptionally talented, but as of lately she has been
feeling (1)disencumbered when it comes to performing. Unfortunately, the
(2)relentlessly tiring tour schedules for her jazz band has (3)dissipated her
desire to play the trumpet. The fact that she was the only woman in her band
only seems to be an ever compounding issue. What was she to do? Quit the
band and move on to a solo career, or continue to (4)enduring her band
mate’s (5)disheartening and rude behavior. Either way, she knew she has to
make a decision, and at this injunction of her career, maintaining a stable
income is the (6)foremost of her deciding factors.
WHAT DO YOU MEAN?
WE WILL BE FOCUSING ON HOW WORDS ARE USED IN THE CONTEXT OF
LITERATURE, BY BEING ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE CONNOTATIVE AND DENOTATIVE
OF VOCABULARY WORDS.
• Denotative: adj. the established textbook, or dictionary definition of a word,
without regard to its usage.
Ex. Repugnant: extremely distasteful; unacceptable, or in conflict with;
incompatible with.
• Connotative: adj. (of a word or expression) signifying or suggesting of an
associative or secondary meaning in addition to the primary meaning:
Marline found most of Leslie’s jokes to be repugnant, but most of the other
students found them rather hilarious.
In the context of the sentence above, what does repugnant mean?
__________________________________________________________________
• Unsinkable Ship
• Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the
passenger-and-car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never have
happened. It was well designed and carefully maintained. It carried the
proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day of its
fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and sank in a cold,
stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board, caught in
their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves: Of those who
managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of
hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. The
final death toll amounted to 912 souls. However, there were an unpleasant
number of questions about why the Estonia sank and why so many survivors
were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women, children
and the elderly.