The Respiratory System GCSE Learning Outcomes By the end of today’s lesson you should: Be aware of what respiration is and its components Be aware of the process involved when we inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out). Know the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration Be familiar with the term “Gaseous Exchange.” Starter 1. Name the three types of blood vessels and give an example for each? 2. The blood is divided into 4 parts name them. Breathing This is a diagram of all the components involved in the breathing process Inhalation (breathing in) During inhalation: The chest cavity changes shape and size. The intercostal muscles contract which causes the rib cage to expand and pushes out the sternum (chest/breastbone) The diaphragm will contract and will change shape from a concave or dome shape to a flattened shape. The pressure inside the chest cavity will be reduced and therefore allows air to be sucked into the lungs. The air we breathe in is high in oxygen and nitrogen but low in carbon dioxide. Diagram of Inhalation Exhalation (breathing out) During exhalation: The process is virtually reversed The chest cavity changes in shape and size The intercostal muscles relax, allowing the rib cage to drop downwards and inwards. The diapgrahm relaxes and regains its concave or domed shape and this decreases the volume of the chest. The pressure inside the chest will subsequently increase and force air out. The air exhaled is high in nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Diagram of Exhalation What is Gaseous exchange and where does it take place discuss in pairs Gaseous Exchange Gaseous exchange is the process where carbon dioxide is exchanged in the lungs for oxygen by diffusion. The carbon dioxide produced as a waste product of respiration must be exhaled from the body and more oxygen is needed through inhalation. Gaseous exchange takes place in the alveoli in the lungs. Gaseous Exchange Cont. The diagram shows gaseous exchange occurring at the alveoli in the lungs. The oxygen is taken into the blood and carried to the heart to be pumped around the body and the carbon dioxide is exhaled as a waste product of respiration. Test Key Question ? What is Respiration ? What is Respiration? Respiration is the process in which glucose is converted into energy useable for life processes. Types of Respiration There are 2 types of respiration that our bodies use for different activities... Can you name them and explain what they are for both ? Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration? Q. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of... A. Oxygen Example of an Aerobic activity – Marathon Running Q. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the ABSENCE of... A. Oxygen Example of Anaerobic activity – 100m Sprint Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and is summarised by the following equation: Glucose + Oxygen Energy + Carbon Dioxide +Water Aerobic Respiration continued This type of respiration is used when the body continues an activity for a prolonged period of time. The energy that is needed to allow this prolonged activity is produced using oxygen Aerobic Respiration Cont In order for the aerobic system to function effectively, there has to be a constant supply of oxygen to the body and the working muscles. Q. Why is this important for example to a marathon runner? For any activity that takes place over a long period of time (e.g. Marathon) it is important to have this constant supply of oxygen to the body otherwise the body would be unable to carry out the event. Anaerobic Respiration On the other hand, anaerobic respiration is the process where energy is made in the absence of oxygen. The equation for anaerobic respiration is: Glucose Energy + Lactic Acid Anaerobic Respiration Cont. This type of respiration occurs when the body works without sufficient oxygen being delivered to the muscles. Without the presence of oxygen, a waste product called lactic acid is produced in the muscles. High lactic acid concentrations cause muscles to feel painful and can lead to cramp. As oxygen is not being used to generate energy in anaerobic respiration, it can only be used for short bursts e.g. 100m sprint Oxygen Debt When our bodies respire anaerobically during vigorous exercise, supplies of oxygen are reduced to working muscles. As there is an absence of oxygen, the body can only respire anaerobically for a maximum of 60 seconds. During an anaerobic event such as the 100m sprint or a 50m freestyle event in swimming, our bodies will effectively ‘borrow’ oxygen and it will need to ‘paid back’ in order to break down the waste products produced (lactic acid). Oxygen Debt For example, Usain Bolt runs the 100m race in under 10 seconds and after the race finishes, he must continue to breathe deeply and heavily in order to replenish the oxygen or pay the oxygen debt. One of the main reasons for completing a cool down after vigorous exercise is to enable the oxygen debt to be repaid and will allow any lactic acid to disperse which will avoid further discomfort. The Recovery Period Following intense exercise we have to take in extra oxygen which will help convert the lactic acid into simple waste products that have to be removed from the body. Expiration of breath – removes the carbon dioxide and other waste products from our lungs. Perspiration – is a form of temperature control and also removes excess water such as sweat at the same time that it is letting heat escape through evaporation from the skin. Although this heat is not really a waste product it must be released to prevent our bodies from overheating. Excretion through urine and faeces – removes excess water and the other waste products from the lactic acid. The Respiratory System GCSE Learning Objectives Be able to explain the short and long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Be able to explain what the Oxygen debt is. Starter 1. 2. Define the term respiration ? Name the two types of respiration? Answers 1. 2. glucose is converted into energy useable for life processes. Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration Is it Anaerobic or Aerobic Game Aerobic or Anaerobic? Aerobic or Anaerobic? Aerobic or Anaerobic? Aerobic or Anaerobic? Aerobic or Anaerobic? Aerobic or Anaerobic? What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration? Q. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of... A. Oxygen Example of an Aerobic activity – Marathon Running Q. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the ABSENCE of... A. Oxygen Example of Anaerobic activity – 100m Sprint Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and is summarised by the following equation: Glucose + Oxygen Energy + Carbon Dioxide +Water Aerobic Respiration continued This type of respiration is used when the body continues an activity for a prolonged period of time. The energy that is needed to allow this prolonged activity is produced using oxygen Aerobic Respiration Cont In order for the aerobic system to function effectively, there has to be a constant supply of oxygen to the body and the working muscles. Q. Why is this important for example to a marathon runner? For any activity that takes place over a long period of time (e.g. Marathon) it is important to have this constant supply of oxygen to the body otherwise the body would be unable to carry out the event. Anaerobic Respiration On the other hand, anaerobic respiration is the process where energy is made in the absence of oxygen. The equation for anaerobic respiration is: Glucose Energy + Lactic Acid Anaerobic Respiration Cont. This type of respiration occurs when the body works without sufficient oxygen being delivered to the muscles. Without the presence of oxygen, a waste product called lactic acid is produced in the muscles. High lactic acid concentrations cause muscles to feel painful and can lead to cramp. As oxygen is not being used to generate energy in anaerobic respiration, it can only be used for short bursts e.g. 100m sprint What is the Oxygen Debt ? Oxygen Debt When our bodies respire anaerobically during vigorous exercise, supplies of oxygen are reduced to working muscles. As there is an absence of oxygen, the body can only respire anaerobically for a maximum of 60 seconds. During an anaerobic event such as the 100m sprint or a 50m freestyle event in swimming, our bodies will effectively ‘borrow’ oxygen and it will need to ‘paid back’ in order to break down the waste products produced (lactic acid). Oxygen Debt For example, Usain Bolt runs the 100m race in under 10 seconds and after the race finishes, he must continue to breathe deeply and heavily in order to replenish the oxygen or pay the oxygen debt. One of the main reasons for completing a cool down after vigorous exercise is to enable the oxygen debt to be repaid and will allow any lactic acid to disperse which will avoid further discomfort. Match the keyword to the statement Write the following key words in the empty column next to the statements that you and your partner think they match. 1. Tidal Volume 2. Vital Capcity 3. Vo2 max 4. Respiratory rate 5. Residual volume Respiratory System What do you thing the short and long term effects of exercise are on the Respiratory system ? The respiratory system Immediate effects when first exercising: Increased rate of breathing Increased depth of breathing – rise in tidal volume Effects of regular training: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Greater number of alveoli. Increased ability of the lungs to extract oxygen from the air. Increased vital capacity. Increased amount of oxygen delivered to, and carbon dioxide removed from, the body. What do you thing the short and long term effects of exercise are on the Cardiovascular system ? The Cardiovascular System The efficiency of the heart improves through EXERCISE. Develops like a MUSCLE. Becoming STRONGER & MORE POWERFUL pumping more blood in one contraction This lowers the HR & is an indicator of a FITTER person Immediate effects when first exercising: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Heart contracts more often – increased heart rate. Heart contracts more powerfully – increased stroke volume, which is the volume of blood pumped from heart with each beat. Blood diverted to muscles, eg it is diverted from the digestive system to the muscles. Blood temperature rises. Blood vessels near skin open to allow heat to be lost. Effects of regular training: Heart muscle increases in size and strength. Cardiac output increases. Lower resting heart rate, quicker recovery from exercise. Reduced risk of heart disease. Increased number of capillaries in muscles. Increased volume of blood and red blood cells. What do you thing the short and long term effects of exercise are on the Skeletal and Muscular system ? Immediate effects when first exercising: 1. 2. 3. 4. Muscles contract more often Blood flow to muscles increases Muscle temperature rises Little effect on bones and joints Effects of regular training: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Muscles increase in size (hypertrophy) Muscular endurance improves Muscles, tendons and ligaments around joints get stronger Joints become more stable and flexibility at joints increases Bone width and density increase Questions??? What is the Oxygen Debt? Give 3 examples of aerobic activities Give 3 examples of anaerobic activities Give 2 example of a sport that will use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. What are the 2 main muscles/group of muscles involved in breathing and changing the shape and size of the chest. True or False? Anaerobic exercise involves using oxygen to produce energy. A triathlon competitor will use aerobic respiration. Carbon dioxide is a waste product which causes discomfort and pain in the muscles. Anaerobic respiration will be used in activities which can last up to 1 minute.