Lecture Objectives:
• Discuss exam questions
• Define final project assignments
• Discuss major ES software
Requirement for the project
Email me (before Friday morning):
• Final project group members
• Project title
• One paragraph (200-300 words) including
- Project objective
- Methodology
- Expected results
Any schematic drawing is welcome
Wednesday after 2 pm and Thursday after 11 am long
office hours to discuss your project
Commercial Buildings
Building
1) Optimization of building envelops
glass area ,shading,….
2) Effect of internal loads on energy
consumption
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Systems
1) Impact of HVAC systems
2) Design of solar system (PV or hot water)
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Life cycle cost analysis in each project
Example of HVAC:
water cooled chiller
Chiller
Cooling tower
Water 120°F
Water 52°F
Building
Outside
air 95°F
Water 100°F
Water 42°F
Inside 75°F
Task: analyze COP
for the whole year
and different locations
Example of HVAC
thermal storage systems
(in combination with a cooling machine / heat pump)
Summer
In the summer, the earth acts as a cooling
tower. The Cooling Machine loads the loop
with heat, sending warmed water to be cooled
by the earth
Winter
In the winter, the earth acts as the boiler. The Heat
Pump extracts heat from the loop, sending cooled
water to be warmed by the earth.
Residential buildings
• It is very expensive to optimize each
residential building
• We optimize example buildings to develop
local codes
UT Solar Decathlon 2007
Test house (PRC)
Home Research Lab
Modeling for optimization of
Home Research Lab (PSP)
Energy consumption in Austin’s
residential house
Miscellaneous
Cooling
Washer
Range
Refrigerator
2000
(15,600 kWh)
Including gas
Lighting
Heating
Dryer
Hot water
See handout section
Analyze impact of:
• envelope
• Internal loads
• HVAC systems
Conduct life cycle
const analysis
More final project topics:
Software (eQUEST) based
• Energy analysis of building form Integrated design course,
• Any other building or building system
Detail Modeling (your model)
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Heat recovery systems,
Attic problem,
Mass transfer (moisture,…)
Vented cavity walls - exam problem
Green house model
Your ideas…
Project Grading
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GRADING CRITERIA (30% of your final grade):
1) Analysis approach:
60%
- Modeling quality
20%
- Result accuracy
20%
- Result analysis
20%
2) Deliverables:
40%
- Quality of the final report
25%
- Quality of oral presentations
15%
• Undergraduate students
– Engineering report
• Graduate students
– Research report
Project Timeline
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11/11/11 – project defined and approved
11/22/11- generated preliminary results
12/01/11 - oral presentation
12/05/11 - project paper submission
Structure of ES programs
Graphical User
Interface
(GUI)
Interface for
input data
Interface for result
presentation
Solver
Preprocessor
Preprocessor
Engine
ASCI
file
ASCI
file
Modeling steps
• Define the domain
• Analyze the most important phenomena
and define the most important elements
• Discretize the elements and
define the connection
• Write energy and mass balance
equations
Preprocessor
Solver
• Solve the equations
• Present the result
Postprocessor
ES program
Characteristic parameters
• Conduction (and accumulation) solution method
– finite dif (explicit, implicit), response functions
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Time steps
Meteorological data
Radiation and convection models (extern. & intern.)
Windows and shading
Infiltration models
Conduction to the ground
HVAC and control models
ES programs
• Large variety
• http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory
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DOE2
eQUEST (DOE2)
BLAST
ESPr
TRNSYS
EnergyPlus (DOE2 & BLAST)
eQUEST (DOE2)
US Department of Energy & California utility customers
• eQUEST - interface for the DOE-2 solver
• DOE-2 - one of the most widely used ES program
- recognized as the industry standard
• eQUEST very user friendly interface
• Good for life-cycle cost and parametric analyses
• Not very large capabilities for modeling of different
HVAC systems
• Many simplified models
• Certain limitations related to research application
- no capabilities for detailed modeling
ESPr
University of Strathclyde - Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Detailed models – Research program
Use finite difference method for conduction
Simulate actual physical systems
Enable integrated performance assessments
Includes daylight utilization, natural ventilation, airflow
modeling CFD, various HVAC and control models
• Detail model – require highly educated users
• Primarily for use with UNIX operating systems
TRNSYS
Solar Energy Lab - University of Wisconsin
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Modular system approach
One of the most flexible tools available
A library of components
Various building models including HVAC
Specialized for renewable energy and emerging
technologies
• User must provide detailed information about the
building and systems
• Not free
EnergyPlus
U S Department of Energy
• Newest generation building energy simulation
program ( BLAST + DOE-2)
• Accurate and detailed
• Complex modeling capabilities
• Large variety of HVAC models
• Some integration wit the airflow programs
Zonal models and CFD
• Detail model – require highly educated users
• Very modest interface
• Third party interface – very costly