Chapters 1 & 2

1. List things the gov’t does for us.
2. Who makes the rules at your house and list a few that you don’t like. Why do you have to have rules?

-Define &describe government and its basic powers
-Explain 4 characteristics of the state
-Describe the purpose of gov’t in the USA & other countries.

1. Oldest of all human inventions.
2. 1 st appeared – when humans realized that they could not survive without some way to regulate both their own & their neighbors behavior.
3. Govt - Institution through which society makes
& enforces its public policies

4. Public Policies
- things a gov’t decides to do
(taxation, defense, education, etc…)
5. Types of Govt power:
- Legislative (lawmaking power)
- Executive (enforce & execution power)
- Judicial (power to interpret laws)

1. State - nation or country
2. Body of people living in a defined territory,
(example)
3. Organized politically with the pwr to make
& enforce law without the consent of any higher authority.
4. 190 states in the world today

5. 4 Main characteristics:
Population
Territory (land with boundaries)
Sovereignty (supreme power over itself)
Government

• Population: people…(homogenous)(top 3)
• Territory: land with recognized boundaries.
(world’s largest state/land)
• Sovereign: has supreme/absolute power within it’s territory. Can decide its own policies. Not subordinate to any other authority
• Government: institution by which society makes & enforces its policies.

• Many theories have been developed to explain the origins of the state.
• These include the force theory, the evolutionary theory, the divine right theory, and the social contract theory.

• The force theory holds that an individual or group claims control over a territory and forces the population to submit.
• The state then becomes sovereign and those in control form a government.

• The evolutionary theory says that a population formed out of primitive families.
• The heads of these families became the government.
• When these families settled in one territory and claimed it as their own, they became a sovereign state.

• The divine right theory holds that God created the state, making it sovereign.
• The government is made up of those chosen by God to rule a certain territory. The population must obey their ruler.

• Checkpoint: What is the Social Contract Theory?
– The social contract theory was developed by philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes,
John Locke, and Jean
Jacques Rousseau and has had the greatest influence on United States government.
– This theory holds that the people chose to give the state enough power to promote the well-being of everyone and that all political power comes from the will of the people.

Social Contract Theory, cont.
• Social contract theory holds that the people can withhold power from an unjust government.
• In the political cartoon, what types of government might restrict people from “having it as good as this”?

1. To form a more perfect union.
2. To establish justice
3. To insure domestic tranquility
4. To provide for the common defense

5. To promote the general welfare
6. To secure the blessings of liberty
(rights and patriotism)
In 1781, the US adopted the Articles of
Confederation which created a firm league of friendship among the 13 states. This did not work, why?
The actual constitution was written and adopted in 1787.

1. Democracy
- political authority is the people
- Direct democracy (pure democracy) voting is done directly by the people in mass meetings (sm communities).
- In direct democracy (national level)
Also called representative democracy because the people vote in-directly

2. Dictatorship
- those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people
(they do their own thing)
- dictatorships are authoritarian, totalitarian, militaristic. (examples)
- Autocracy
Gov’t in which a single person holds unlimited political power.

2. Recent Dictatorships:
Fascist Italy (1922-1943)
Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
Soviet Union (1917-late 80’s)

3. Unitary Gov’t (centralized govt)
- power held by the gov’t belong to a single, central agency
(Britain’s Parliament)

Forms of Government
4. Federal Gov’t
- the powers of govt are divided between a central gov’t & several local gov’ts.
Federal Gov’ts have a division of power.
- national, state, & local govt act directly on the people thru their own sets of laws, officials, and agencies .

5. Confederate Gov’t
- alliance of independent states.
- powers of confederate gov’ts limited to the fields of defense and trade. -
- EX – European Union (EU)

6. Presidential Gov’t
- the executive & legislative branches of gov’t are separate & independent of one another & coequal
(Separation of Powers)

Forms of Government
7. Parliamentary Gov’t
- Prime Minister or premier - the executive
- Cabinet & PM are members of Parliament
The PM is the leader of the majority party.
- PM selects members of the cabinet from the members of Parliament.
- The executive is chosen by the legislature
& is subject to its direct control

Define these terms
1. Democracy
2. Constitution
3. dictators
4. Politics
5. divine right

6. Which of these terms describes a part of our
American Govt?
direct democracy, indirect democracy, dictatorship, unitary government, federal government, confederation, presidential government, parliamentary government

7. List 3 concerns you have about: government rules laws policies.
8. What do you want the government to do about your concerns?

1. Students will create one Venn diagram showing the differences & commonalities between direct and indirect democracies.
2. Students will create 1 Venn diagram to illustrate the similarities & differences in an autocracy and an oligarchy.

Rise of Hitler 1 (45 min) http://youtu.be/3hEG-5_9nK4
Rise of Hitler 2 (45 min) http://youtu.be/cqPc93Pvs0U
Rise of the Nazi (4 min) http://youtu.be/a2YEUhHFMHY

Students will learn the types of American colonies & the causes of the Am Rev.

1. A recognition of the fundamental worth & dignity of every person.
2. A respect for the equality of all persons
(equality of opportunity & before the law).
3. A faith in majority rule and an insistence upon minority rights.
4. An acceptance of the necessity of compromise.
5. An insistence upon the widest possible degree of individual freedom.

Democracy & Free Enterprise System
1. Democracy & Individual Freedom create FES.
2. The Laws of Supply and Demand guide the Free
Enterprise System.
3. Mixed economy (US)
- private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of gov’t regulation.

Duties Responsibilities
• Serving on a jury
• Serving as a witness
• Attending school
• Paying taxes
• Obeying local, state, and national laws
• Draft registration
• Respecting the rights of others
• Voting
• Volunteering
• Participating in civic life
• Understanding the workings of our government

Chapter 2

1. Created ordered govt with offices
2. Limited gov’t
3. Representative gov’t
- gov’t for the people

Landmark English Documents
1. The Magna Carta-
- protected the people from the unlawful acts of a monarch
- due process of law.
2. The Petition of Right
- king could not unlawfully punish any person
- martial law cannot be imposed during peacetime

• Signed by King John in 1215
• Created by English barons to put limits on the once absolute power of the King.
– Guaranteed certain fundamental rights for the privileged, such as trial by jury and due process of law.
Over time, these rights were extended to all English people.

• The Petition of Right was signed by King Charles I in
1628.
– Banned the king from imprisoning or punishing people without first following the laws of the land.
– Kept the king from declaring military rule in times of peace or making people house soldiers.
– Required the consent of
Parliament for taxation.

Landmark English Documents
3. The English Bill of Rights
- standing army in peacetime
- right of a fair trial
- freedom from excessive bail.

• Checkpoint: What were the limitations set by the English Bill of Rights?
– The English Bill of Rights was drawn up by
Parliament in 1689 to prevent the abuse of power by all future monarchs .
• Required the consent of Parliament for taxation and suspension of laws.
• Promised the right to a fair trial, and to petition the monarchy to correct injustices.

• This chart compares the rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta and the English Bill of
Rights with the freedoms listed in the
Virginia Bill of Rights and the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution .

1. Charter
- written grant of authority from the king.
2. Royal Colonies
- subject to the direct control of the
King who named a governor to serve

3. Proprietary Colonies
- colonies that were organized by a proprietor who appointed a gov
4. Charter Colonies
- colonies that were based on charters granted by the King

• Royal colonies were directly controlled by the king.
• Proprietary colonies were run by a proprietor chosen by the king.
• Charter colonies were run mainly by elected legislatures and were the most independent.
– How many royal colonies were left at this time? How were royal colonies and charter colonies different?

5. 1 st permanent colony
- Jamestown, VA (1607)
(What was 1 st colony)
6. Last colony
- Savannah, GA (1733)

1. Taxation without Representation
The Stamp Act of 1765 tax on all legal documents, business agreements, newspapers
* King George III came to power and imposed new taxes

2. Boston Massacre (Mar 5, 1770)
- five civilians were killed by Redcoats
3. Boston Tea Party
- Sons of Liberty dumped tea in Boston Harbor
4. Coercive Acts
- harsh laws against the colonists

Causes of Am Rev http://youtu.be/-DnZ_ZY3lgA http://youtu.be/bdpirDWZ47k http://youtu.be/3q_0v_OGg54
Am Rev Playlist http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ot0AFi8h8VI
&feature=share&list=PL8E31482FB575EE1D

1. Each group will study 1 of the five basics of democracy.
2. Give 3 examples of the basics
3. Share with the class

Crossword Puzzle

1. The 13 Original Colonies
Type of charter
Date colony was founded
Purpose of the colony
Outcome of the colony
2. Compare 2 of the 3 English Documents using a Vien Diagram.

Why were the English colonies important to
Great Britain ?

Students will learn the struggles of the colonists to create a country

1. The Albany Plan formation of an annual congress of delegates power to raise the military power to make war/peace power to regulate trade

2. First Continental Congress delegates urged each of the colonies to boycott all trade with England in hopes that it would force the taxes to be repealed

The British gov’t refused to compromise with the colonies and the American Revolution began
3. The 2 nd Continental Congress
John Hancock was chosen president
A continental army was formed
George Washington--commander in chief.

4. The Articles of Confederation a.
established a “firm league of friendship” among the states b. each state kept its sovereignty.
c. Each state had to ratify d. Congress was created to run the
Confederation

4. The Articles of Confederation (cont) e. each state had one vote in Congress f. Congress could: make war/peace, make treaties, borrow money, set up a money system, build a navy, raise an army, and settle disputes among the
States

1. One vote for each State, no matter what
2. Congress did not have the power to tax
3. Congress could not regulate all trade
4. No executive to enforce acts of Congress
5. No national court system
6. Amendment only with approval from states
7. A 9/13 majority required to pass laws
8. Articles were only a “firm league of friendship”

1. The Am. Rev. ended October 19, 1781 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
2. The AoC made the central gov’t unable to act.
- States bickered amongst each other.
- Taxed each other’s goods
- Banned trade with each other
- Printed their own money

• In 1768, former revolutionary officer, Daniel
Shays led an armed uprising of farmers.
• State troops finally ended the rebellion after rebels attacked state courts and a federal arsenal. Shays fled to Vermont.

1. The Virginia Plan
3 branches of govt (EX, LEG, JUD)
State rep a State based on population.
2. The New Jersey Plan
No branches of govt
St rep would be a set number

5. The Connecticut Compromise
- combined the basic feature of VA/NJ Plan.
- Two houses in Congress.
Senate - the states would have equal rep
House of Rep – rep based on state pop.
- 3/5 Compromise – count 3/5 of slaves in st
- Congress could not tax state to state trade
- Congress not act on slave trade for 20 yrs

1. At least 9/13 states had to ratify it.
2. Federalists - favored ratifying the Const
Fed stressed the AoC was weak
3. Anti-Federalists - strongly opposed ratifying the Constitution. Why??
Increased power of Nat’l govt
Lack of Bill of Rights

4. After 11 States had ratified the
Constitution in 1788 the States held elections for a new President.
5. The 1 st Congress of the New National
Government met in March 1789 in New
York, NY as the temporary capital.
6. April 30, 1789 - George Washington was declared President of the USA.

1. Create a timeline from Stamp Act in 1786 to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1781.
2. Include:
Causes of Am Rev
Major Battles of Am Rev

How people have made a difference throughout
American history.
• the civil rights era of the 1960s
• the issue of slavery
• the fight for women’s suffrage (right to vote)
• the fight for an Equal Rights Amendment
• protests against the Vietnam War

1.Define “patriotism.”
2.Describe what patriotism means to you.
3.Identify three things that make you feel patriotic.
4.Describe the best ways to show your patriotism.

Create a Country
1. Name of Country:
2. National Emblem:
3. Flag (picture):
4. Currency (picture):
5. Size:
6.Population:
7. Demographics:
8. Budget (pie chart):

1. Each group will research how Shays’ Rebellion influenced the call for the Constitutional
Convention of 1787.
2. Each group will write down 2 influences.
3. Allow time for each group to present its results to the class as a whole.

Am Rev – 1776 (50 min) http://youtu.be/zv1QdkMdGrA
Am Rev Playlist http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ot0AFi8h8VI
&feature=share&list=PL8E31482FB575EE1D