Click on title for link
May explain how the
universe formed
.
Big Bang Theory
A theory that states that the
universe began to expand with
the explosion of concentrated
matter and energy.
After the “Big
Bang”, the force of
gravity began to
affect the matter
shooting outward
in every direction.
Gravity began to pull
matter into clumps.
Gravity is a force of
attraction between
objects.
These clumps formed
huge clusters which
became galaxies of the
universe.
The galaxies are
moving away from
the center of the
universe.
The explosion took
place about 14
billion years ago.
The fastest moving
matter traveled the
farthest distance
away.
Astronomers
believe that the
Big Bang Theory
leads to two
possible futures:
Galaxies will continue
racing outward and
therefore the universe will
continue to expand until all
stars die off.
An open
universe leads
to total
emptiness.
Open Universe
Saddle Shaped
The expansion of the
universe will finally
come to a halt.
Gravity will pull
the galaxies
back toward
the center of
the universe.
Matter and energy will
come closer and closer
to the central area. [Big
Crunch]
Then another big bang
will occur.
Closed Universe
Sphere shaped
Our book states that the
universe is a closed
universe.
They believe that a big
bang may occur once every
80 to 100 billion years!
Contradiction to the Big
Bang Theory:
Too much energy
Most of the universe is empty space: a vacuum
which is defined as a volume containing no
particles, force fields, nor waves. By definition a
vacuum has no energy. However, the Big Bang
theory requires both in its early phases and in its
later phases that the vacuum must have some
energy.
 The law of conservation of energy demands that
energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

Contradiction 2
Too complex, too early
 The universe has too many large
structures, to be created in 10-20 billion
years. We know the rate of expansion,
thus we can get a rough estimate on how
long it would take for them to form. In
order for these to form, it would take about
100 billion years.
Food for thought:
“Ex nihilo” is a Latin term that
translated means “out of nothing.” It was
an idea presented by St. Augustine that
became Church doctrine. It is his
philosophical explanation of how God
created everything out of nothing, which
interestingly enough can be applied to
the big bang as well. Where did
everything contained in the big bang
come from and why did it bang in the
first place?
Scientists
now believe
in a new
theory:
According to Albert
Einstein, the universe
is a space-time continuum.
It could take one of
three forms .
1. Closed (looks like a sphere) Travel
far enough and you always come
back to the starting point.
The universe will slow down, stop,
then reverse direction causing a new
Big Bang.
2. Open universe (looks like a saddle)
galaxies continue to expand forever.
Up until this summer, most scientists
agreed that this theory was correct.
3. Flat universe: When
traveling in a straight line
you will never return to your
starting point. This is the
shape of our universe
according to the latest
observations.
The universe will expand
forever, but more slowly
all the time.