Flexible Manufacturing
Blueprints in Manufacturing
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
How to Read Blueprints
1/8
3
1/4-20 THREADS 3/4” DEEP
3/8
1
1/2” ROUND STOCK
1/4-20 THREADS
3/4” DEEP
HAMMER HANDLE
2 1/2
1 1/8
3/4 SQUARE STOCK
6
HAMMER HEAD
1/4” ROUND STOCK
1/4-20 THREADS X 3/4 LENGTH BOTH ENDS
HAMMER SHANK
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2
How to Read Blueprints
• Describe the part to be made; show
dimension, location, material, and finished
part
3
1½
⅞
2⅞
2⅞
7½
¼
½ DRILL
2 HOLES
2 Dia.
⅞ DRILL
3
¾
2½
2½
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
How to Read Blueprints
• Dimensions show the total size of the part.
• The outside dimension is usually the total size.
3
1½
⅞
2⅞
2⅞
7½
¼
½ DRILL
2 HOLES
2 Dia.
3
⅞ DRILL
The support
would need to
be machined
from a piece
5¾” X 2½” X 3”.
¾
2½
2½
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
How to Read Blueprints
• Locations are for machining the part to shape
or for locating placement of other features.
3
1½
⅞
2⅞
2⅞
7½
¼
½ DRILL
2 HOLES
2 Dia.
3
¾
2½
⅞ DRILL
The two ½” holes
are drilled 1 ½”
from the edge
and 2 ⅞” from
the center line of
the part.
2½
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5
Hammer Handle
3
1/4-20 THREADS 3/4” DEEP
1/2” ROUND STOCK
• What is the diameter of the round stock used
to make the handle?
• What is the length of the material?
• What is the size of the threads in the end?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
6
Hammer Handle
3
1/4-20 THREADS 3/4” DEEP
1/2” ROUND STOCK
• What is the diameter of the round stock used
to make the handle? 1/2”
• What is the length of the material? 3”
• What is the size of the threads in the end?
1/4”- 20 threads and 3/4” deep
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
7
Hammer Head
• What is the stock
size for the head?
• What is the
length of the
head?
• What is the
measurement for
the placement of
the hole?
1/8
3/8
1
1/4-20 THREADS
3/4” DEEP
2 1/2
1 1/8
3/4 SQUARE STOCK
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
8
Hammer Head
• What is the stock size
for the head?
3/4” square stock
• What is the length of
the head? 1/2”
• What is the
measurement for the
placement of hole?
1/8
3/8
1
1/4-20 THREADS
3/4” DEEP
2 1/2
1 1/8
1 1/8” up and 3/8” in
from the side
3/4 SQUARE STOCK
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
9
Lines Used in a Blueprint
Line
Name
Explanation
Object
Dark heavy line that denotes the edge of an
object.
Hidden
Dark heavy dash that denotes an edge behind or
inside the object.
Center
A line that is thinner than an object line with a
dash in the center of the line to denote the
center of the part or circle.
Extension
A thin line extending an edge from the object for
dimensions to touch.
Dimension
A set of arrows pointing to the extension line
with a dimension in the middle.
Cutting Plan
The heaviest line on a drawing showing where a
section is to be cut out of the object.
Section
Thin lines at a diagonal showing the cut portion
of an object.
Leader
A straight line with an arrow extending from it to
point to a dimension or note.
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10
Screw Jack Base Plans
Extension line
Leader line
Notes
Object line
Cutting plane line
Hidden line
Center line
Section line
Dimension line
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11
Identify the Type of Lines
#8 – 32 SETSCREW
DRILL #29 (0.136) HOLE
B.
DRILL #3 BIT X.50 DEEP,
TAP TO 1/4 – 28 THREAD SIZE
A.
0.25
0.375
F.
1.25
0.50
1.50
0.75
BORE 0.50 DIA. X 0.375
DEEP HOLE
0.25
C.
0.375
DRILL TWO,
0.25 HOLES
0.75 2.00
1.00
0.50
E.
0.75
1.00
2.50
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D.
12
Identify the Type of Lines
#8 – 32 SETSCREW
DRILL #29 (0.136) HOLE
Leader DRILL #3 BIT X .50 DEEP,
TAP TO 1/4 – 28 THREAD SIZE
Object
0.25
0.375
Extension
1.25
0.50
1.50
0.75
BORE 0.50 DIA. X 0.375
DEEP HOLE
0.25
Dimension
0.375
DRILL TWO,
0.25 HOLES
0.75 2.00
1.00
0.50
Hidden
0.75
1.00
Centerline
2.50
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
13
What are the sizes of pieces of metal
needed to make the cooker base?
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14
Handout for Blueprint Reading
Handout for Blueprint Reading
• What sized piece of
aluminum will be
needed to machine the
cap?
• What size and how
deep is the hole drilled
in the bottom?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
16
Handout for Blueprint Reading
• What sized piece of
aluminum will be
needed to machine the
cap?
3/4” diameter X 3/4” long
• What size and how
deep is the hole drilled
in the bottom?
0.375 Drill X 0.500” Deep
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
17
Using Charts
Vise Bill of Materials
PART
NUMBER
QUANITY
NAME
SIZE
1
1
BASE
¾X2½X5
2
1
FIX JAW
¾X2½X2
3
1
MOVABLE JAW
¾X2½X2
4
1
FRONT JAW
¾X2½X2
5
1
SCREW
1 ¼ DIA X 3 ¾
6
1
HANDLE
⅜ DIA X 3
7
2
JAW FACES
½X1X2½
8
1
JAW LOCK
⅛X¾X1½
9
7
FASTENER
¼ – 28 BOLTS X
¾ LONG
10
1
SETSCREW
(NOT SHOWN)
⅛ SETSCREW X
¾ LONG
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18
Charts
• List information in table form
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19
Charts
• There are different types of charts: Bill
of Materials, Tap Sizes, Drill Sizes, and
Feed and Cut Rates.
• The Bill of Materials will give you part
sizes, types of material, and finishes for
all the different parts.
• The other charts give information on
sizes needed to make a part or
standards used in the manufacturing.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
Thread
Size
Drill Size
Decimal
Equivalen
t
National
¼ - 20
#7
0.2010
Course
¼ -28
#3
0.230
Fine
5/16 - 18
F
0.2570
Course
5/16 - 24
I
0.2720
Fine
3/8 -16
5/16
0.3125
Course
3/8 - 24
Q
0.3320
Fine
7/16 - 14
U
0.3320
Course
7/16 - 20
25/64
0.3906
Fine
½ - 13
27/64
0.4219
Course
½ - 20
29/64
0.4531
Fine
9/16 - 12
31/64
0.4844
Course
9/16 - 18
33/64
0.5156
Fine
PART
NUMBER
QUANITY
NAME
SIZE
1
2
1
BASE
¾X2½X5
1
FIX JAW
¾ X2 ½ X2
3
1
MOVABLE JAW
¾ X2 ½ X2
4
1
FRONT JAW
¾ X2 ½ X2
5
1
SCREW
1 ¼ DIA X 3 ¾
6
1
HANDLE
⅜ DIA X 3
7
2
JAW FACES
½X1X2½
8
1
JAW LOCK
⅛X¾X1½
9
7
FASTNER
¼ –28 BOLTS X
¾ LONG
10
1
SETSCREW
(NOT SHOWN)
⅛ SETSCREW X
¾ LONG
20
Exploded View of Vise Parts
7
4
3
6
2
5
1
8
9
The Bill of Materials is filled out about each part.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
21
Vise Bill of Materials
PART
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
QUANITY
NAME
SIZE
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
7
BASE
FIX JAW
MOVABLE JAW
FRONT JAW
SCREW
HANDLE
JAW FACES
JAW LOCK
FASTENER
10
1
SETSCREW
(NOT SHOWN)
¾X2½X5
¾X2½X2
¾X2½X2
¾X2½X2
1 ¼ DIA X 3 ¾
⅜ DIA X 3
½X1X2½
⅛X¾X1½
¼ – 28 BOLTS X
¾ LONG
⅛ SETSCREW X
¾ LONG
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22
Fill in the Bill of Material for the Base
Material
Aluminum
Finish
Polished
SCREW JACK PARTS LIST
NAME
BASE
MATERIAL
LENGTH
DIAMETER
FINISH
?
?
?
?
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23
Fill in the Bill of Material for the Base
Material
Aluminum
Finish
Polished
SCREW JACK PARTS LIST
NAME
BASE
MATERIAL
LENGTH
DIAMETER
FINISH
Aluminum
3”
2”
Polished
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
24
Charts
• What is the drill size for a 1/2” – 13 thread hole?
• What is the decimal size of a 24 gauge piece of sheet
aluminum?
The answer to these questions can be found in a chart.
The charts are listed in different manuals for the type of
manufacturing being done.
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25
Tap Drill Size Chart
Thread Size
Drill Size
Decimal Equivalent
National
1/4 - 20
#7
0.2010
Course
1/4 - 28
#3
0.230
Fine
5/16 - 18
F
0.2570
Course
5/16 - 24
I
0.2720
Fine
3/8 - 16
5/16
0.3125
Course
3/8 - 24
Q
0.3320
Fine
7/16 - 14
U
0.3320
Course
7/16 - 20
25/64
0.3906
Fine
1/2 - 13
27/64
0.4219
Course
1/2 - 20
29/64
0.4531
Fine
9/16 - 12
31/64
0.4844
Course
9/16 - 18
33/64
0.5156
Fine
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26
Gauge Sizes Decimal Equivalent
Gauge
Sheet Metal
Galvanized Steel
Aluminum
8
0.1644
No size
0.1285
10
0.1345
0.1382
0.1144
12
0.1046
0.1084
0.0808
14
0.0747
0.07858
0.0641
16
0.0598
0.0635
0.0508
18
0.0478
0.0516
0.0403
20
0.0359
0.0396
0.0320
22
0.0299
0.0336
0.0253
24
0.0239
0.0276
0.0201
26
0.0179
0.0217
0.0159
28
0.0149
0.0187
0.0126
30
0.0120
0.0157
0.0100
http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/scales/sheetmetal.html
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
27
Resources
• Wright, R. T. (2004). Manufacturing and automation
technology. Finishing Processes (15, pp. 227 and 230). Tinley
Park, IL: Goodheart-Wilcox.
• Reading Drawings (2012). Flexible Manufacturing
http://cte.unt.edu/content/files/_MFG/MFG_Curriculum/Flexi
ble_Mfg/05Planning/05.02ReadingDrawings.pdf
• Rowlett, R. and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
(2002). How many? A dictionary of units of measurement.
Sheet Metal Thickness Gauges.
http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/scales/sheetmetal.html
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28