1. What is a human right?
Freedoms you are granted because you are human that
should not be taken away by the government.
2. What are the US Bill of Rights?
The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution.
3. Which rights are granted in the US Constitution?
Freedom of speech, religion, press, petition, and assembly, right
to bear arms and militia, freedom from quartering of soldiers,
freedom of unwarranted search and seizure, individual debt and
double jeopardy, right to a speedy trial, witnesses, and
accusations, right to a jury trial, freedom from excessive bail,
freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
4. What is the Universal Declaration on Human Rights?
Document written by the UN in response to the atrocities of WWII
to explain the rights that should be granted to all humans.
5. What are the causes of conflict?
Fundamentalism, nationalism, economics, politics, and religion
6. Define nationalism:
The desire of a group of people to have a homeland to govern.
7. Which current groups have nationalistic plans?
Cabinda, Palestine, Kurdistan, Basque
8. Define fundamentalism:
Return to traditional religious beliefs.
9. Which groups would be considered fundamentalist?
al-Qaeda, Taliban, Hamas, Ultra-Orthodox, LRA
10.Define totalitarian government:
Government in which one individual has complete power.
11.What is the United Nations? What is its goal?
An organization made up of almost all of the world’s countries. It
is a place where member nations can work to make the world a
better place. The goal is world peace an a better life for
humans.
12.What are some pros and cons of the United Nations?
Pros: feed the hungry, educate women and children, promote
human rights, combat disease, and give member nations a
place to work out problems.
Cons: too big, too expensive, some countries (including the US)
have much more power than other nations. No authority to
enforce referendums.
13.What type of government does the US have?
Federal republic
14.Which current world conflicts could be considered religious
conflicts? (at least part of the conflict is religious – very few
have only one cause)
Al-Qaeda, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Ireland, Palestine
15. Which current world conflicts could be considered economic
conflicts? (at least part of the conflict is religious – very few
have only one cause)
Palestine, Sudan, Korea, Naxolist India, Peru, Mexican Drug War,
Colombia
16.How are the world’s resources divided?
Unevenly divided. This is why some countries have resources
and some do not.
17.Dislike for US influence on women in a society would be an
example of which cause of conflict?
fundamentalism
18.The Cold War is an example of which cause of conflict?
politics
19.The US embargo against Cuba is an example of which cause
of conflict?
politics
Christianity - largest of the world’s religions. holy book divided
into Old and New Testament
Judaism Started by the Hebrews and follow the Kashrut
dietary laws, Sabbath is from sundown on Friday to Sundown on
Saturday
Islam - Follow the teachings of Mohammed, worship in a mosque,
adhere to the 5 Pillars
Sikhism - Found in Punjab and Kashmir and believe in service to
others and wear the 5 Ks.
Buddhism - Siddartha Guatama is the founder of this belief
system, adherents are trying to reach Nirvana, reincarnation
Confucianism - Based on the teachings of Kung Fu Tzu, Analects
are important writings
Left off of review – Hinduism - found mostly in India, practice yoga
as a form of meditation, the Baghavad Gita and Vedas are
important writings, reincarnation
21.What is the largest religion by population?
Christianity
22. What beliefs do Christianity, Islam, and Judaism have in
common (Abrahamic Religions)
Jerusalem is a holy city, God of Abraham, founded in the Middle
East, parts of the Old Testament, monotheistic.
23.What happened in Yugoslavia? Who was Slobodan Milosevic?
Josip Tito?
Josip Tito was a strong dictator that kept Yugoslavia together.
When he died, the country split along ethnic lines and a series
of civil wars broke out. Slobodan Milosevic was the leader of
the Serbs who tried to keep the other republics together by
force. Especially noticeable for cruelty and ethnic cleansing in
Bosnia.
24.Characteristics of Communism:
• Government decides what to make, how much to make, what to
charge, and how long it should take.
• Materials are not always available to produce the desired
product.
•Land and companies are owned by the government.
•Government makes all the profit to share equally to all the people
• Workers are assigned jobs for the government’s needs - not
necessarily ability.
• No competition – Only what the government provides is
available.
• Long lines, shortages, high prices, and little variety
•Black market trades in consumer goods
•No freedom of speech, movement, or assembly
•No incentive to work. Workers are paid equally regardless of
production
• Focus is often on quantity rather than quality.
1 party government (Socialist) examples: North Korea,
Cuba, China, and Vietnam
The group is very important – one does what is going to
help the whole society.
No unemployment – government gives jobs to all
Focus on heavy industry (factories and mines) not light
industry (consumer goods)
Quantity over Quality sometimes caused serious
pollution problems.
Goal during the Cold War was to be #1 in industry,
space, and weapons.
• Individuals or companies decide what to make, charge, etc.
Consumers will pay for quality and value.
•Materials are abundant. Materials can be bought for a price
• Land and companies are individually owned or owned by a
group of individuals (stock holders)
•Workers choose where to work. Companies decide who to hire.
Either party can terminate employment
•Competition brings a variety of products and better prices
• Supermarkets
• Black market deals in illegal items
•Freedom of speech, movement, and assembly
• Paid by quality and production
•People will buy products that are well made at a fair price.
Supply and Demand
• At least a two party government (Democracy) examples:
USA, UK, Germany, and Australia
Individual rights – The Bill of Rights
Government’s role is to help trade and protect people
US produces enough food to feed the entire world
US has some of the most expensive workers in the
world – unions, minimum wage, pollution controls, work
place conditions
Goal during the Cold War was to stay one step ahead of
the Communists.
• Inflation in Zimbabwe is so bad that last year the government released a $50
billion note — enough to buy two loaves of bread.
•The unemployment rate has risen to more than 85%.
•In 2008, Mugabe agreed to hold an election, but it became clear that he would
accept the result only if he won.
•His supporters launched attacks on the opposition, killing 163 and torturing or
beating 5000.
•He ultimately signed a power-sharing agreement with opposition leader
Morgan Tsvangirai, but since then Mugabe has broken its terms and installed
his own people at the head of every ministry.
•Health conditions have reached crisis levels. AIDS and cholera.
• The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant
for al-Bashir on charges of war crimes and crimes against
humanity for his contributions to the tragedy in Darfur. The
ICC charged him with “ murdering, exterminating, raping,
torturing, and forcibly transferring large numbers of civilians,
and pillaging their property.”
•Bashir’s military campaign has been accused of driving 2.7
million people from their homes since 2003.
• In 2007, Bashir ordered aerial bombing raids that killed
dozens of civilians
• His regime is one of the world’s most repressive.
• Hundreds of thousands of citizens, including children, are
imprisoned in labor camps for such “crimes” as hoarding
food and “ anti-socialist” activities.
• His citizens have no access to information other than
government propaganda.
• His harsh system includes collective punishment (three
generations of a family can be punished for one member’s
alleged crime
• jailing of those who try to flee to China.
• Ayatollah Khamenei has increased arrests of nonviolent opponents of
his regime, women's-rights activists, ethnic and religious minorities, and
journalists.
•In 2008, Khamenei’s government was the only one in the world to
execute juveniles. Iranian law considers boys eligible for the death
penalty at age 15 and girls at age 9.
•officials carried out public hangings, stoned a man to death for adultery,
shut down music studios and cafés, and persecuted dissidents.
• Although Raúl Castro did not formally take power from his
brother Fidel until 2006, he already led Cuba’s military and the
GAESA, the vast financial conglomerate that controls much of
Cuba’s economy.
• An estimated 5,000 Cuban citizens are serving sentences for “
dangerousness.” It is illegal to criticize either of the Castro
brothers.
•All print and electronic media is owned by the government.
According to Human Rights Watch, The Cuban government
celebrated International Human Rights Day by beating,
threatening and arresting dissidents.
• Saudi women still need permission from male guardians to
work, study, travel, marry, or even obtain an ID card. The
government opened a women’s branch of its Human Rights
Commission, but only men serve on its board.
• There is no Saudi penal code, and trial defendants often cannot
question witnesses. young teens can be sentenced to death and
defendants tortured
• Huge gaps exist between rich (royal family) and poor (workers)
• Buddhist monks led pro-democracy demonstrations
against 45 years of military rule.
• Than Shwe ordered troops to fire on democracy protestors:
They killed dozens of protestors, and his forces detained
several thousand more.
• Nobel Peace Prize-winner Aung San Suu Kyi, remains under
house arrest
• Cyclone Nargis slammed into Burma on May 2, leaving
some 140,000 dead or missing and more than 2 million
homeless, but Than Shwe delayed access to stricken areas
by aid groups while he held a rigged election to approve a
new constitution.
37.Taliban
Strict Shiite Muslims that controlled Afghanistan prior to the US
invasion.
38.al-Qaeda
Led by Osama bin Laden, this group of fundamentalist Shiite
Muslims responsible for 9/11 and other terrorist attacks against
Western nations.
39.ETA
Basque separatist group fighting for independence from Spain
and France
40.PKK
Kurd separatist group fighting for independence from Iraq, Turkey,
and
41. LRA
The Lord’s Resistance Army – headed by Joseph Kony.
Responsible for Invisible Children – used child soldiers in war
against Uganda’s government.
42.Saddam Hussein
Our ally in the Iraq – Iran war. Invaded Kuwait in 1990. US and
allies ousted Iraq from Kuwait. After the war, Hussein would not
allow UN weapons inspectors into his country. The US
invaded, hunted Hussein, and Iraqi citizens found him guilty of
war crimes and had him put to death.
43.Felipe Calderon
President of Mexico. He has been very vocal against building a
wall between the US and Mexico. He has been unsuccessful at
stopping the drug violence on the border.
44. Vladimir Putin
Former President of Russia, now Prime Minister of Russia. He
was President during the Chechnya conflict.
45.Aung San Suu Kyi
Leader of the pro-democracy movement in Myanmar (National
League for Democracy). She won the last election, but has
been unable to take her position in government. She has been
under house arrest until recently. All political demonstrations
are outlawed in Myanmar.
46.Dalai Lama
Spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people. China has
tried to wipe out the culture of this region.
47.Darfur
Area of Sudan where the Janjaweed under the authority of Omar
al-Bashir’s government tried to ethnically cleanse the people of
Darfur. He is wanted for crimes against humanity.
48.PLO –
Palestine Liberation Organization. The official representative of
the Palestinian people. In peace talks today, they are the
representative that would attend. PLO once called for the
destruction of Israel, but now wish to work through elections
and negotiations.
49.Hamas –
Palestinian group that wants a fundamentalist Muslim theocracy in
Israel and the occupied territories and will use force to gain the
land.
50.Peace Now –
Israeli group that would like to trade land for peace. Willing to
negotiate the occupied territories for secure borders with
Palestine.
51.UN Resolution 1811948 – UN divided the land of Palestine between a Jewish Israeli
secular state and a Palestinian Muslim secular state.
52.UN Resolution 242 –
1967 – UN says Israel to return the land won in the war (occupied
territories), deal with the refugee problem, and Palestinians
recognize Israel and give safe borders.
53.Occupied Territories – what are they, where did Israel get the
land?
Land won by Israel in the 1967 War (6 Day War)
Golan Heights – Syria, West Bank – Jordan, Gaza Strip – Egypt,
and Sinai Peninsula – Egypt (given back in 1978 peace
agreement)
54. Monotheism –
Belief in only one god.
Pakistan:
Pakistan formed in 1947 when British India split into Hindu
India and ___Muslim______________Pakistan. Pakistan has
been under military rule for most of its history. December
2007, the opposition leader, former Prime Minister Benazir
Bhutto was ____assassinated__________ The 2008 elections
brought an end to military rule, but the military is struggling
to regain power. The new government has tried to fight
against Islamist militants who want ____Sharia___________
(Islamic law). The new prime minister is Bhutto’s husband
Asif Ali Zardari. The move toward democracy has been
difficult, but Pakistan has allowed US drone planes to fly into
Afghanistan and is helping fight against al-Qaeda.
Sudan:
This conflict is based on racial, religious, and regional
differences and struggles over natural resources. Most
Sudanese are desperately ____poor_____________ Fighting
between Muslims in the north and Christians in the south
have killed at least 2 million and displaced 4 million. In 2003,
the struggle for land and power in the western region of
_____Darfur_______________ intensified when government
supported Arab Janjaweed militia tried to ethically cleanse
the African tribes. 200,000 were killed and 2 million
displaced. President Omar ___al-Bashir___________is
wanted for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Ironically, the battle over vast oil reserves is useless as no
side has the ability to develop the resources.
Myanmar (Burma):
Myanmar has been under ____military________ rule since
independence in 1962. The National League for Democracy
candidate, Aung San Suu Kyi won the 1990 election. The
military refused to relinquish power and Aung was placed
under house arrest. Sanctions placed on Myanmar in 1989
and 2003 have failed to force a change. China continues to
trade with Myanmar. In April 2008, Cyclone Nargis killed
138,000 people and displaced 800,000. The government
refused to allow international aid and donor agencies in to
help the survivors. Meanwhile, the government claimed the
election held the next month had a ____98%_____ turn out
and won 92% of the votes. 90% of all people in the country
live on less than _____65¢_______________ a day.
Democratic demonstrations are brutally squashed.
Kurdistan:
The Kurdish people were promised independence, but when
Ataturk formed ___Turkey____________, he swallowed up the
area. _27 million_Kurds do not have a homeland. The region
is located between Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. The location of this
area has been an issue during the Iraqi war as it has been
caught in the middle. The Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK)
demonstrates in cities, sometimes setting themselves on fire
to show commitment to independence. Turkey has
consistently repressed this area. The PKK and other Kurdish
groups have been outlawed in Turkey and ____Iraq_____.
Violence is on the rise as this area is unstable.
Cabinda:
The rebel group, FLEC (the Front for the Liberation of the
State of Cabinda) wants independence from ___Angola____.
This group has been actively pressuring Angola to give up
the enclave that is separated from the rest of Angola by part
of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The FLEC has claimed
responsibility for deadly attack on Togolese football team’s
bus. As the majority of ______oil_________from Angola
comes from the area of Cabinda it is unlikely that the
government will grant this area independence, and FLEC
swears it will continue its insurgency until they meet their
goal.
Cyprus:
Cyprus is a small Mediterranean island nation that has been
the site of a __civil war________since its independence.
____20%___of the population are Turks and live in the north.
The other ___80%_ are Greek and live in the south. The two
groups have historically not gotten along. The country is
split into two sectors with UN forces supervising the area in
between. Cyprus was admitted into the European Union, but
Turkey has not been allowed. The northern sector has not
met the economic boom of the southern sector, and has lead
to even more tensions. Skirmishes along the __UN__buffer
zone are common.
Western Sahara:
__Morocco__________ annexed Western Sahara in 1979. UN
peace keepers have been deployed since 1991 when a ceasefire was signed. In 2007, both parties presented vastly
different plans to the UN. Western Sahara’s plan calls for
complete independence from Morocco. Morocco’s plan
suggests ___statehood___ The lack of support for Western
Sahara has angered the independence movement and they
have vowed to step up pressure on Morocco. Although
Algeria has no official claim to Western Sahara, Algeria has
been training the separatists. The __African Union__
recognized Western Sahara as an independent nation, and
Morocco pulled out of the organization.
Mexican Drug War:
After the demise of Colombia’s Cali and Medelin cartels in the
1990s, Mexican drug cartels grew in power. Cartels are
fighting for control of the distribution lines for
________drugs____________ and weapons into the US. Over
28,000 have died since 2006. President Felipe Calderon has
sent over 5,000 troops to border areas to help stop the
violence, but violence is actually on the increase and the US
__State Department_______has warned Americans not to
travel to the border areas of Mexico.
Basque:
Basque land is an area in northern _____Spain ______near
the border of France. The people of this area are culturally
and ethnically different from other groups in Europe. The
Basque culture pre-dates modern European nations. The
people are rural and in conflict with the modern Spanish
cultural association with industrialization. The ETA (Basque
Homeland and Freedom) is an armed nationalist and
separatist movement that is fighting against the Spanish
government for ____self-rule____________. Both Spain and
France have outlawed the group that is listed as a terrorist
group by human rights watch. Until 1975, Basque culture
was forbidden by the government. Attempts at peace talks
have been unsuccessful and violence in ____Madrid_______,
Spain’s capital has intensified.
Chechnya:
Chechnya is part of ____Russia_______ located in the
Caucasus region between the Caspian and Black Seas.
Chechens have been fighting for independence since the
break-up of the USSR in 1989. This area has vast petroleum
pipelines from the _Caspian Sea___oilfields. In 1991,
Chechnya elected its own president, but Russia imposed an
economic blockade against the breakaway republic. In 1994,
Russia sent troops into Chechnya. The Chechens saw this
as an invasion. The Russian army destroyed cities and the
average person was unable to meet basic needs. Chechnya
never surrendered, but Russian troops withdrew in 1995. In
2001, Russian President Putin named Chechen rebels as
“Islamic Terrorists” and went after them as part of the
worldwide __War on Terror___. Fighting has continued and
the poor people of Chechnya have been brutalized by all
sides.
Tibet:
Tibet was an ancient country the size of Western Europe
when it was invaded by the People’s Republic of
___China____________ in 1950. Tibet has a unique culture,
history, and identity. Not only have many Tibetans lost their
lives, but Tibetans in Tibet do not enjoy basic human rights.
The Chinese government has introduced policies by which
Tibetan culture, language, and natural resources are being
systematically eroded. The spiritual and cultural leader of the
Tibetan people is the ____Dalai Lama____________He
escaped Tibet, and has traveled the world to raise support for
an independent Tibet. The Dalai Lama is pursuing peaceful
solutions to this situation, but the Chinese government
refuses to discuss Tibet.
* China has the Panchen Lama (2nd most important person in
Tibetan Buddhism) in “Protective custody” by China, and has
not been seen since 1990.
Korea:
North Korea’s desire to acquire or produce nuclear weapons
has caused tensions with its neighbors and the US. At the
end of the _Korean War__the peninsula was divided at the
38th parallel. South Korea became an economic power
house and an ally of the __US__ North Korea is a communist
dictatorship where Kim Jong Il pays little attention to his
citizens as he pursues domination. The demilitarized zone
(DMZ) is a no-man’s land between North and South Korea is
patrolled by the __UN___. Anyone caught trying to escape to
China is imprisoned, but thousands have tried. The average
person in North Korea is very poor, and lives on less than
__60¢____ a day.
Kashmir:
The area of Kashmir ___65%___________ administered by
India and ____35%________________ by Pakistan. The state
is predominately Muslim. Both India and Pakistan have
nuclear weapons and tensions are high between the two
nations. The area of Kashmir also has a large population of
Sikhs that wish for independence. These areas are also close
to Afghanistan’s badlands where ___alQaeda______operatives train and Osama bin Laden is
thought to be hiding. Mujahadeen fighters have been known
to train in Kashmir. Taliban (Islamic fundamentalists) active
in Afghanistan would like to spread their influence into this
area. India has cracked down on the insurgency that is
backed by ___Pakistan___.
Sri Lanka:
In the last 25 years, more than ___150,000____people have
died in the country’s civil war. Although this conflict officially
ended last year, a lasting peace is yet to be seen. The
minority Hindu nationalist group, the LTTE (Liberation Tigers
of Tamil Elam) has used suicide bombings and child soldiers
to fight against the ____Buddhist___ Sinhalese government.
Grave human rights violations were committed by both sides.
Heavy fighting in 2009 claimed the life of the LTTE leader and
____7,500__________civilians. The government has claimed
victory and is now starting the long process of rebuilding.
Uganda:
In 2006, a cease-fire was signed to end the conflict between
the government and the Lord’s Resistance Army, headed by
Joseph ____Kony_________ The conflict began in 1987 when
Kony almost wiped out the Acholi people. Kony is wanted by
the International Criminal Court for crimes against
___humanity_______ for his use of child soldiers and his
brutality. The international group __Invisible Children____
has worked to help rebuild this nation and return people to
their homes.
Palestine – Israel – NOT ON STUDY GUIDE!!!
IS ON EXAM.
On May 14, 1948, Israel declared independence in areas granted in
UN _Resolution 181______. May 15th, Five Arab nations attacked
Israel. Israel won and gained land and angry Arabs. In 1968, Israel
felt threatened and attacked Egypt and Syria. Israel won the
Occupied Territories (Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights,
and the West Bank). The Palestinians fled to UN run refugee
camps in Gaza and the West Bank. In 1978, Egypt and Israel
signed a peace agreement and Israel returned the
___Sinai_________ Peninsula. Palestinians were given some self
rule in Gaza. Gaza elected Hamas as their government. Israel has
continued to settle areas in the Occupied Territories. The
Palestinians desire a homeland. Many Palestinians base their
hopes on UN ____Resolution 242____that would return land to the
partition plan of 1948 in return for secure and recognized borders.
Unfortunately, not everyone on either side will be happy with this
situation and will keep fighting.