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JIPS TECHNICAL MISSION TO
CENTRAL AMERICA
General Debrief
Ivan Cardona, IM Manager/Profiling Advisor
Geneva, 29th April 2014
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Agenda
1.
Background and context
2.
JIPS involvement in the region
3.
Technical Mission
– Objectives
– Main activities
– Outputs
4.
Recommended next steps
5.
Continued support (JIPS and others)
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Agenda
1.
Background and context
2.
JIPS Involvement in the region
3.
Technical Mission
– Objectives
– Main activities
– Outputs
4.
Preliminary profiling results
5.
Continued support (JIPS and others)
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• Historical migration flows of different motives / nature (economic,
family (UASC), human trafficking)
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• Intensification of security crises in the region over the last decade, mainly
due to expansion of gangs and organized crime activities.
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• Similar trend observed in asylum seekers from the region in the same period
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NTCA Population Deported and Returned from United States and Mexico: 2011 – 2012 - 2013
46% increased between 2011 and 2013
More than 185,000 in 2013, 60% from
EE.UU. (by air) and 40% from México (by
land)
Most are nationals from Guatemala, but
Honduras reports the highest increase (70%)
Sources:
El Salvador: Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería
Guatemala: Dirección General de Migración
Honduras: Centro de Atención al Migrante Retornado
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Preliminary Activities
 Guidance Note on Asylum Seeking Applications Related to Gangs
 Initial Diagnosis (CIDEHUM, 2012)
 Country of Origin Papers
 Coordination mechanism / partnerships at regional and national level
 Network with local and regional organizations
 Coordination with other international organizations
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Agenda
1.
Background and context
2.
JIPS Involvement in the region
3.
Technical Mission
– Objectives
– Main activities
– Outputs
4.
Recommended next steps
5.
Continued support (JIPS and others)
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Support Request
•
•
Who? Jun/13 request led by UNHCR’s Central America Regional Office, in coordination /
collaboration with:

Regional organisations (SICA)

Governments (Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Interior, Migration Boards)

Human rights institutions (Ministries, Ombudsman Offices)

National implementing partners (NGOs, HS, PMH, etc.)

Universities and research centres (UNAH, IUDPAS, UCA)

Other UN agencies and INGOs: ICRC and Save the Children (ECHO Funds), OCHA (REDLAC), NRC (ACAPS
secondary data review) + Others
What? Information gathering activities to assess the magnitude, patterns and trends of
displacement generated by transnational organized crime (TOC) and other situations of violence
(OSV) in NTCA
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•
Why? Awareness raising and advocacy on humanitarian impact of security crises to inform
(national, regional and international) policy development
•
How? Mix of secondary data review and analysis and primary data collection

Characterization of returned/deported population (3 countries)

Profiling of internal displacement populations (Honduras)

Monitoring systems / networks (Guatemala and Honduras)
•
When? July/13 to Dec/14
•
Funds? ECHO + UNHCR
•
JIPS? Technical and coordination guidance of activities, through a mix of remote and field-based
support

Harmonization of regional studies (methodologies, reports)

Secondary data review and statistical analysis in Honduras

Design of snapshot profiling exercise in Honduras
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JIPS First Mission
•
1 week during October 2013, with the following objectives / activities:

Review of existing/available information

Engagement / discussions with relevant stakeholders

Roadmap for 2014 (regional studies, snapshot profiling)
•
Clear desirability and feasibility of profiling activities in the region, particularly in Honduras, due
to coordination platform (Inter-institutional Commission)
•
Recommendations

Complete a full review and analysis of secondary data available related to forced displacement

Organize an inter-agency workshop to present and analyse the findings

Based on such findings, discuss objectives and methodology for a snapshot profiling exercise in Honduras
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JIPS Second Mission
•
2 weeks during March/April 2014, based in Tegucigalpa (Honduras)
•
Main objectives:
•

Facilitate the dissemination and analysis of findings from the initial secondary review

Set-up the main elements for the planning and design of a snapshot profiling exercise in Honduras
Main activities :

Facilitation of a technical regional workshop

Facilitation of an inter-institutional workshop in Honduras

Joint development of an initial concept note for the Honduras profiling exercise

Meetings with key actors to discuss specific collaboration for profiling
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1)
Facilitation of a technical regional workshop
 Researchers in charge of the different studies in the 3 countries, plus experts working in
related activities in Mexico and EE.UU.
 Comparison of conceptual frameworks/definitions, methodologies and preliminary results
 Identification of common challenges and limitations of existing data
 Recommendations towards standardization of terminology and analysis
 Identified need to produce a comparative analysis report
 Interest to promote future exchange of information, discussions (CoP)
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 Direct evidence of external migration due to violence/insecurity, but potentially underestimated
 Need to complement with correlations analysis (links migration/criminality)
Reasons for migration
Honduras
R e gis te rs
Guatemala
%
R e gis te rs
El Salvador
%
R e gis te rs
T otal
%
Economic reasons
4226
86%
1921
89%
2260
79%
8,407
Violence related
reasons
284
6%
71
3%
327
12%
682
Social reasons
37
1%
23
1%
14
1%
74
Family reasons
180
4%
80
4%
153
5%
513
Others
145
3%
68
3%
93
3%
306
Total
4872
100%
2163
100%
2847
100%
9982
Source: Red de Documentación de las Organizaciones Defensoras de Migrantes (2013), Narrativas de la Transmigración
centroamericana en su paso por México.
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 Direct evidence of internal migration due to violence/insecurity in Honduras, but potentially
underestimated
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 Indirect evidence of correlation between internal migration and criminality (16% to 33%)
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2)
Facilitation of an inter-institutional workshop in Honduras
 Co-hosted by M. of Human Rights and CIPRODEH, w/ support from UNHCR & ECHO
 Representatives from government agencies, CSOs, NGOs, INGOs, academics, donors
 Positive reception of the efforts to provide solid quantitative evidence on the links between
internal migration and criminality and first approximation of magnitude, and geographic
distribution
 Shared consensus on the need to collect primary data to fill the gaps of existing sources
 Buy-in and direct ownership from the Inter-institutional Commission on IDPs to led such
exercise
 General agreement on next steps and the main methodological elements.
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3)
Joint development of initial concept note for Honduras profiling exercise
Main methodological elements
Objectives
- Estimate the magnitude and geographic disaggregation of internal displacement
- Understand the profiles of affected population
- Provide solid evidence to guide the work of the Inter-inst. Comm.
Target Population
- Population internally displaced
- Population in risk of displacement
- Other vulnerable neighbour population
Geographical
coverage
- Departments/municipalities most affected (expulsion and reception)
- Selected neighbourhoods within these locations
Information sources
- “Qualitative” mapping of selected municipalities
- Enumeration of selected neighbourhoods
- Sample-based household survey
Timeline and
budget
- June-Dec 2014
- USD 300.000 approx.
Limitations and
challenges
- Availability of data at local level
- Access to violence-prone areas and trust of respondents will be a key
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Collaboration Platform
Inter-Inst. Commission on IDPs
- Main responsible / General coordinator
National stat. inst. (INE)
- Technical Oversee
- Methodology finalization, tools design, operational platform, analysis
JIPS
- Technical and coordination guidance
- Methodology finalization, tools design, training, analysis
Consultative Group
- Support for fundraising, awareness raising and dissemination of results
- UNHCR and others interested
Coordination Team
- Implementation of activities, admin. support, etc.
- Focal point from Commission, focal point from UNHCR, focal point from INE and lead
consultant/profiling coordinator
Operational Group
- Information sharing, access facilitation and data collection
- Local and international NGOs, religious organizations, authorities, etc.
- i.e. OCHA Humanitarian Network
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Agenda
1.
Background and context
2.
JIPS Involvement in the region
3.
Technical Mission
– Objectives
– Main activities
– Outputs
4.
Recommended next steps
5.
Continued support (JIPS and others)
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Next Steps
•
•
Finalization and harmonization of country-specific and regional studies

Standardization

Comparative analysis
Implementation of profiling exercise in Honduras

Fundraising support to the Commission (UNHCR for coordination team, JIPS for qualitative mapping, M. of
Human Rights for part of data collection costs, others to fill the gaps?)

Handover of methodology and tools development to INE

Coordination platform defined

Coordination team in place

Kick-start the qualitative mapping
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•
•
Training and capacity building

Local expertise and capacity needs to be complemented with knowledge and training in internal
displacement (frameworks, profiling, etc)

Beyond the snapshot profiling, the objective is to build capacity at national and local level to monitor
internal displacement in the future
Continued coordination with other activities in the region

Input to ACAPS secondary data review

Input to IDMC country page and advocacy activities
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Agenda
1.
Background and context
2.
JIPS Involvement in the region
3.
Technical Mission
– Objectives
– Main activities
– Outputs
4.
Recommended next steps
5.
Continued support (JIPS and others)
Informing solutions together
Continued JIPS Support
•
Remote support for the finalization of preliminary studies (April/May)
•
Support for the development/drafting of a comparative analysis (May)
•
Finalization of methodology and design of tools (May/June)
•
Identification of an appropriate Profiling Coordinator or Coordination Team (May/June)
•
Support fundraising activities (May/June)
•
Conduct additional field missions during key moments of the profiling (i.e. training, analysis), if
required by partners (June/Dec)
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For more information, please visit:
http://www.jips.org/en/field-support/countryoperations/central-america/central-america-2013-14
Thank you!
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Questions