Point cloud
BIM
Position change
0.080m ~ 0.100m
0.100m ~ 0.120m
© 2015,
Fiatech
0.180m ~ 0.200m
0.200m ~ 0.220m
>0.220m
Increasing Productivity
through Integrated
Dimensional Change
Detection and Control
Presentation Flow
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Presentation Flow
Opportunities Being Addressed
Constraints & Barriers
Approach & Benefits Realized
Future Work & Industry Adoption
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact & More Information
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
(Gordon et al., 2006)
Data
Owner
© 2015, Fiatech
Changes,
deviations!
Contractor
Designer
Control
Virtual World: Models
Physical World
• Importance of coordinating field dimensional
changes and model changes
• Cost, safety, and productivity implications of
changes
• Limitations of current methods of
dimensional change management
• Methods for automating dimensional change
analysis
• Potential value of automatic change analysis
(ACA)
• Risks, barriers and further development
Opportunities Being Addressed
Change Management and Productivity
© 2015, Fiatech
(vision-systems.com)
Problem:
• Change management and verification is tedious
and error-prone, causing delays, wastes, and
compromise performance
Challenges:
• Interconnected dimensional changes
• Interwoven objects in small spaces
• “Cascading effects” of changes
• Verification, validation, and avoidance of cost and
productivity impacts
Questions:
• Which changes have higher impacts on the
downstream productivity and costs?
• Which changes are more risky?
• Could we anticipate changes?
Constraints & Barriers
Existing Change Analysis Tools
(Turkan, Bosche, & Haas, 2010)
© 2015, Fiatech
Current Approach:
• Automatic data-model registration
• Automatic comparing “nearest neighbors”
in images and as-designed models to get
“deviation maps”
Limitations:
• Incorrect data-model associations
• Requires extensive engineering resources
to manually review and classify changes
• Difficult to anticipate how local
deformations interact to drive global
displacements
Overcoming Incorrect Data-Model Associations
Approach & Benefits Realized
Duct 1
Duct 5
Duct 6
Duct 2
Duct 3
Duct 4
Z
X
Y
Context of duct 5:
© 2015,
• Fiatech
Above four ducts
• Intersecting with a duct
• Parallel to two ducts
• Perpendicular to three ducts
Problem:
• Matching data against model: which parts
in data and model have similar spatial
contexts?
Spatial Context Matching:
• Spatial relationships with neighboring
objects
• Spatial contexts change less than absolute
geometries
Verification Study:
• Preliminary studies prove the
effectiveness of spatial context matching
on real data and model of ductworks
Approach & Benefits Realized
Automated Change Classification Approach
Spatial
Change
Correspon
dence
Position
Change
Dislocation
Rotation
Missing
Objects
Additional
Objects
• Different spatial changes cause different
patterns in spatial deviations
• Use computer vision algorithms to
classify patterns of spatial deviations
Shape
Change
Elongation
/Shortenin
g
CrossSection
Expanding
/Shrinking
Concave/C
onvex
Wall rotation error
© 2015, Fiatech
Building wing orientation error
Approach & Benefits Realized
Automatically Recognizing How Local Dimensional
Changes will Impact Global Displacements
SEG 12 (-0.08)
SEG 10 (0.05)
SEG 8 (-0.21)
SEG 9 (-0.09)
JOINT 4
SEG 5 (-0.06)
SEG 4 (-0.04)
1 (0)
© 2015,SEGFiatech
JOINT 5
SEG 6 (0.06)
SEG 2 (0.12)
JOINT 2
SEG 7 (-0.05)
SEG 14 (-0.06)
JOINT 9
SEG 3 (-0.05)
SEG 13 (-0.13)
SEG 11 (-0.14)
• Data-model association
• Align data parts against models parts, and
obtain translation, rotation values
• “Lock-in” registered data and model parts
for local dimensional change analysis
• Clustering dimensional changes that occur
together and locate in proximity
• Identify combinations of changes that
occur in many cases as “change patterns”
• Follow the paths of change propagation
• Anticipate potential rework and cost
related to changes
Automatic Change Analysis (ACA): Underway
Future Work & Industry Adoption
Data-Model Association
•
•
•
•
Segmentation of 3D data
Geometric primitive extraction
Local spatial context generation
Local spatial context matching
Duct 1
Perpendicular
Parallel
Duct 5
Perpendicular
Duct 2
Perpendicular
Perpendicular Perpendicular
Duct 4
Perpendicular
Duct 3
Parallel
Parallel
Outputs
• Relational graphs extracted from data and
the as-designed model
• Spatial contexts of each object (duct) in the
data and the as-designed model
• Matches between data and a-designed
objects
Spatial Change Classification
© 2015, Fiatech
•
•
Spatial change taxonomy
3D pattern classification
Outputs
• Classified changes
Spatial Change Correlation
•
•
Spatial change clustering
Statistical correlation analysis
Duct 6
• Large-scale testing of data-model
association and change detection methods
• Developing more reliable change
classification algorithms
• Developing robust “local” registration
method for separating local and global
changes
• Quantifying “cascading effects” of changes
in terms of productivity and costs
• Leverage laser-based measurement
technologies
Industry Adoption: Proposed
Future Work & Industry Adoption
Data-Model Association
•
•
•
•
Segmentation of 3D data
Geometric primitive extraction
Local spatial context generation
Local spatial context matching
Duct 1
Perpendicular
Parallel
Duct 5
Perpendicular
Duct 2
Perpendicular
Perpendicular Perpendicular
Duct 4
Perpendicular
Duct 3
Parallel
Parallel
Outputs
• Relational graphs extracted from data and
the as-designed model
• Spatial contexts of each object (duct) in the
data and the as-designed model
• Matches between data and a-designed
objects
Spatial Change Classification
© 2015, Fiatech
•
•
Spatial change taxonomy
3D pattern classification
Outputs
• Classified changes
Spatial Change Correlation
•
•
Spatial change clustering
Statistical correlation analysis
Duct 6
Define and launch a Fiatech project:
• Capitalize on a $0.5M NSF research grant
• Interviews and surveys for potential barriers
of adopting automatic change analysis
• Pilot studies: field data collection along with
relevant productivity and cost data of
projects
• Cost-benefit analysis based on pilot studies
• Diversifying the types of projects: building
construction, civil infrastructures
• User-interface design: help from humancomputer interface scientists & engineers
Thank You… Are There Any Questions?
Contact & More Information
Increasing Productivity
through Integrated
Dimensional Change Detection
and Control
© 2015, Fiatech
Name: Pingbo Tang
Title: Assistant Professor
Company: Arizona State University
Email: tangpingbo@asu.edu
Links: https://sites.google.com/site/tangpingbo/
Office: 480-727-8105
Fax: 480-965-1769
Increasing Design
Efficiency
© 2015, Fiatech
Increasing Design Efficiency
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Presentation Flow
Opportunities Being Addressed
Constraints & Barriers
Approach & Benefits Realized
Future Work & Industry Adoption
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact & More Information
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
GENERATIVE DESIGN
© 2015, Fiatech
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Key Topics & Takeaways
1.
2.
3.
4.
Paradox of design
Lean design technique – Set-Based Design
Choice overload
Application of the Generative Design PROCESS
© 2015, Fiatech
Presentation Flow
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Presentation Flow
Opportunities Being Addressed
Constraints & Barriers
Approach & Benefits Realized
Future Work & Industry Adoption
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact & More Information
Opportunities Being Addressed
54%
© 2015, Fiatech
Opportunities Being Addressed
Title in Calibri 32pt
© 2015, Fiatech
Opportunities Being Addressed
WASTE
© 2015, Fiatech
Opportunities Being Addressed
Paradox of Design
We can’t make correct
decisions without knowing
what the results will be…
© 2015, Fiatech
…You can’t know the results
without making decisions.
Opportunities Being Addressed
Paradox of Design
Design Validation
© 2015, Fiatech
Opportunities Being Addressed
Break the Paradox
Stop Validating
Start Simulating
© 2015, Fiatech
Presentation Flow
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Presentation Flow
Opportunities Being Addressed
Constraints & Barriers
Approach & Benefits Realized
Future Work & Industry Adoption
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact & More Information
Constraints & Barriers
Linear Design Process
RE-WORK
1
2
Collect
Info.
Make
INTUITIVE
Decision
3
4
Develop
Design
5
VALIDATE
one option
Revise
Decisions
Multiple Iterations, minimal data
© 2015, Fiatech
Constraints & Barriers
How to Lean Design?
© 2015, Fiatech
Set-Based Design (SBD)
Shape / massing
Constraints & Barriers
Orientation
Structural System
Envelope Systems
© 2015, Fiatech
Lighting System
HVAC System
SINGLE
SET
SBD – Technical Challenge
Constraints & Barriers
3
Shape / massing
+3
Orientation
+3
Structural System
+3
Envelope Systems
+3
Lighting System
+3
HVAC System
© 2015, Fiatech
SINGLE
SET
SBD – Technical Challenge
Constraints & Barriers
3
x3
x3
x3
x3
© 2015, Fiatech
x3
Shape / massing
= 729
Orientation
Structural System
Envelope Systems
Lighting System
HVAC System
Constraints & Barriers
SBD – Technical Challenge
Shape / massing
3=3
Orientation
3x3=9
Structural System
9 x 3 = 27
Envelope Systems 27 x 3 = 81
© 2015, Fiatech
Lighting System
81 x 3 = 243
HVAC System
243 x 3 = 729
Constraints & Barriers
What if?
© 2015, Fiatech
Image courtesy of Beck Technologies
Constraints & Barriers
SBD – Behavioral Challenge
CHOICE OVERLOAD
© 2015, Fiatech
Constraints & Barriers
SBD – Behavioral Challenge
© 2015, Fiatech
30%
3%
Constraints & Barriers
Set Based Design Challenges
Need to simulate more options
HOWEVER
More options lead to difficult decision
making
© 2015, Fiatech
Presentation Flow
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Presentation Flow
Opportunities Being Addressed
Constraints & Barriers
Approach & Benefits Realized
Future Work & Industry Adoption
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact & More Information
Approach & Benefits Realized
Linear Design Process
RE-WORK
1
2
Collect
Info.
Make
INTUITIVE
Decision
3
4
Develop
Design
5
VALIDATE
one option
Revise
Decisions
Multiple Iterations, minimal data
© 2015, Fiatech
Rapid Virtual Prototyping
Approach & Benefits Realized
Multiple data sets
2 Simulate &
Analyze
1
Collect
Info.
2 Simulate &
Analyze
2 Simulate &
Analyze
© 2015, Fiatech
ONE iteration,
more data
3
Make
INFORMED
Decision
4
Develop
ONE time
Next
Decision
Set
Approach & Benefits Realized
AEC Application: Rapid Trade-off Analysis
© 2015, Fiatech
First cost
vs.
Life-cycle energy
1
2
Approach & Benefits Realized
Simulation Toolkit
© 2015, Fiatech
MODEL
ENER
GY
Image courtesy of Sefaira
COST
Approach & Benefits Realized
Collect Glazing Information
© 2015, Fiatech
~60 min
2
2
Approach & Benefits Realized
Tools: Modeling
© 2015, Fiatech
~45 min
Approach & Benefits Realized
Rapid Energy Simulation
© 2015, Fiatech
~60 min
2
Approach & Benefits Realized
Data Aggregation
© 2015, Fiatech
~15 min
2
2
Approach & Benefits Realized
Graphic Analysis
© 2015, Fiatech
~90 min
Approach & Benefits Realized
Simulation Analysis
© 2015, Fiatech
36 glazing options
1 scheme
4.5 hours
2
Opportunities Being Addressed
WASTE
© 2015, Fiatech
Presentation Flow
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
Presentation Flow
Opportunities Being Addressed
Constraints & Barriers
Approach & Benefits Realized
Future Work & Industry Adoption
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact & More Information
Approach & Benefits Realized
Solution to SBD Challenges
© 2015, Fiatech
Outside
the
AEC Box
Approach & Benefits Realized
Penn State Applied Research Lab
© 2015, Fiatech
Image courtesy of Penn State Applied Research Lab
Approach & Benefits Realized
Penn State Applied Research Lab
© 2015, Fiatech
Image courtesy of Penn State Applied Research Lab
Approach & Benefits Realized
Penn State Applied Research Lab
© 2015, Fiatech
Image courtesy of Penn State Applied Research Lab
Approach & Benefits Realized
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
© 2015, Fiatech
Approach & Benefits Realized
VTCC Case Study: Cost Optimization
© 2015, Fiatech
Approach & Benefits Realized
VTCC Case Study: East Facade
© 2015, Fiatech
Approach & Benefits Realized
VTCC Case Study: Energy Optimization
© 2015, Fiatech
Approach & Benefits Realized
VTCC Case Study: Cost Optimization
© 2015, Fiatech
Approach & Benefits Realized
Potential of Removing the Rework Loop
© 2015, Fiatech
Team = 6-7 people
@ $120/hr
Average of 40 hours each
= $33,600
Approach & Benefits Realized
Removing the Rework Loop
x 24 major decisions
= $806,000
© 2015, Fiatech
Approach & Benefits Realized
Methodology Benefits
Cut design duration in half or more?
Solve more problems in the same time?
Do more with less?
© 2015, Fiatech
Future Work & Industry Adoption
Process Change
© 2015, Fiatech
Develop many solutions
Analyze options
Prioritize decisions
Thank You… Are There Any Questions?
Contact & More Information
Increasing Design
Efficiency
Jason A. Reece
© 2015, Fiatech
Technology Innovation & Improvement
Balfour Beatty Construction
jreece@balfourbeattyus.com
LinkedIn.com/in/jar321
Knowledge Mining: Experience
Capture & Sharing
© 2015, Fiatech
- Not important – Who cares??
- Coming Soon to a Project Near You??
- Utopian Dream??
- Distant Future??
Presentation Flow
Construction’s Incredible Knowledge Intensity
Presentation Flow
Where Knowledge Lives
Mating: How Problems Find Knowledge
Possible Approach & Benefits Realized
Barriers
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact info
Extraordinary Density of Embedded Knowledge
Presentation Takeaways/Deliverables
• Not obvious to those at arm’s length
• Complexity reduced in a well-defined system
• Each material has its own complexities
• Each interface between materials
• Requires situation-specific knowledge
• Small ignorance may = big problem
• Procedural vs. situational knowledge
© 2015, Fiatech
• Bid system adds cost optimization to the
knowledge embedded in a particular
prototype
How do problems meet up with knowledge?
• IF the problem is common & mastered
Opportunities Being Addressed
• Then it’s not a problem anymore
• IF the problem is highly specific Then
• Narrow specialists with knowledge or
• Bungled task (partly or fully)
• To avoid problem (e.g. at left)
• Find and read an academic paper?
• Search online (and pay for info?)?
• Use a deep specialist
© 2015, Fiatech
• Informally transmit knowledge collegially
• How can more people learn from others?
Benefits and Possible Approach
• Effective sharing of knowledge => reduced
project costs and risks.
Constraints & Barriers
• Software (non-trivial) + social change (very very
large challenge) is required
• Must engage and incentivize knowledge holders
(big challenge).
• Users must engage and love using it
© 2015, Fiatech
• Involve many trade associations (are incumbent
orgs. “owning” knowledge)
• Find various interested companies
• Create a committed eco-system
Barriers
In ascending order of importance:
•Legal – fully indemnify contributors
Approach & Benefits Realized
•$ Cost to create software and participation
•Needs exquisitely usable software
•Maintenance of data
•Get a wide range of committed sponsors
•Vetting of contributions and contributors
•Getting contributors
© 2015, Fiatech
•Getting users
•Getting Creating the virtuous circle of use
and contribution (Wikipedia and eBay, sim.)
Thank You… Are There Any Questions?
Contact & More Information
Sharing knowledge
© 2015, Fiatech
Leo Schlosberg
Cary Concrete Products, Inc.
Email: leo@caryconcrete.com
Website: www.caryconcrete.com
Blog: www.planetcommercialconstruction.wordpress.com
An earlier and more detailed version of this presentation
can be found at:
http://www.caryconcrete.com/writings/index.php?page=writings
Achieving Effective
Information Specifications
Management
© 2015, Fiatech
Integrated Design Practices
© 2015, Fiatech
Objective:
To provide clarity on the process to document the
Information Specifications Management strategy to
meet & exceed Customer “Data Centric” project
Information Handover Specification requirements.
• What systems are being utilised?
• What data is being produced, consumed,
reused and turned over?
• What are the applicable data standards?
• What are the applicable data QA &
validation rules?
Presentation Flow
Information Governance – Class Library
Presentation Flow
Standards Driven – Data Management
Project & Customer specific Class Library Management
Approach & Benefits Realized
Future Work & Industry Adoption
© 2015, Fiatech
Contact & More Information
Information Governance – Class Library
Information Governance – Class Library
Tag and Document Numbering Specifications
Customer ‘Data Centric’ Information Handover Spec.
Industry Standards i.e. ISO 15926, BIM etc.
Engineering Data Warehouse (EDW)
Data Validation Rules
© 2015, Fiatech
Customer and Project Specific Configuration
Project Delivery Systems
Customer specific ‘Data Centric’
information handover specifications
Tag & Document No. Specifications
Naming Rules
Functional / Physical Classes & Attributes
Validation Rules
Life Cycle Rules
Industry Standard Mappings
Authoring Application Data Mappings
Customer Specified
Configuration
Class Library
Tag & Document No. Specifications
Information Handover Specification
Validation Rules
Industry Standards
Standard Delivery Configuration
(Authoring Applications)
Data Validation Rules
(Standards Conformance)
© 2015, Fiatech
Engineering Data Warehouse (EDW)
(Consolidated & Validated)
Project & Customer specific Configuration
Project Delivery Systems
Publish & Compare
Standards Driven – Data Management
WorleyParsons Standard Class Library
Project & Customer specific Class Library Management
© 2015, Fiatech
Goal: To meet & exceed Customer information handover expectations
Equipment Function
Codes
No. of Equipment Function
Codes Mapped (Excluding
Piping Line Numbers)
Approach & Benefits Realized
613
No. of Functional Attributes
mapped to Project Delivery
Systems
10
400
No. of ANSI/ISA Instrument
Function Codes Mapped
© 2015, Fiatech
391
200
39%
11
55
No. of Functional Document
Types Mapped.
No. of Functional Classes
mapped to ISO 15926 RDL in
Class Library
No. of integrated Project
Delivery Systems mapped to
Class Library
No. of Units of Measure
Classes
Functional
Document Types
ISO 15926 Standard
Engineering Data
Warehouse
Units of Measure
Classes
Instrument Function
Codes
Functional Attributes
Life Cycle Types
No. of Life Cycle data types
across Define, Execute and
Operate phases.
35%
1564
Physical Document
ISO 15926 Standard
Physical Classes
98
No. of Physical Attributes
mapped to ISO 15926 RDL
No. of Physical Attributes
mapped to Project Delivery
Systems.
Types
No. of Physical Document
Types Mapped.
© 2015, Fiatech
Future Work & Industry Adoption
Contact & More Information
Thank You… Are There Any Questions?
Achieving Effective Information
Specifications Management
Photo
© 2015, Fiatech
Cormac Ryan
Manager, Project Data Management
Cormac.Ryan@WorleyParsons.com