By
Natik Ameen
VitalSoftTech.com
Copyright 2014
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Production DBA 15+ years
RAC, Exadata & GoldenGate
OCP 8 thru 11g
OCE RAC
Free Articles at
www.vitalsofttech.com/articles/
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Evolution of Databases
12c Features
What does multitenacy offer?
Multitenant Architecture
Getting Started
Basic Administration
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Security
Backup and Recovery
Views
Upgrade
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7, 8i, 9i, 10g,11g and 12c
i=internet
g=grid
c=cloud
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DB Size in MB’s
Then Gigabytes
Then Terabytes
Now Petabytes and growing …
DB Sizes doubled in last 2 years alone!
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CPU’s
Disk Speed
Networks
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RDBMS
 Licensed
 Open Source
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SQL
NoSQL
Reduce/Mapped
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Consolidation, Flexibility & ROI
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Mutlitenancy
Plug-in, Plug-out
In-memory
Cloning
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Consolidation, Flexibility & ROI
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Many servers
Dedicated resources
Long provisioning time
Data Segregation requirements
Large Databases Size
Costly
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More than …
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Database consolidation vs Server
consolidation
Reduced resource usage
Separation of User Data
Fewer servers
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Easier, faster DB deployments
Fast Cloning for Dev/QA
Quick patching and upgrades
Separation of duties
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Hardware, Software Cost Reduction
Fewer support hours
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How are container DB’s
different from non-container DB’s?
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CDB Instance
CDB$ROOT Container
PDB$SEED
PDBs
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Consolidation at Database Level
Share SGA with other PDBs
Share Background processes
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SGA
 Buffer Cache
 Log buffer Cache
 Shared Pool
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Redo Logs
SYSTEM, SYSAUX & UNDO
DBWR, LGWR, ARCH background processes
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System Data Dictionary
One root
Plugin a PDB
Holds common users
CDB Resource Plan
Upto 252 PDB’s
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Local Data Dictionary
Metadata link (Data
Dictionary Pointer)
Object Link (Data link)
Local Users
Common Users
SYSTEM & SYSAUX
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PDB Template
Rapid DB creation
SYSTEM, SYSAUX,TEMP
Common User
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Create CDB and PDB’s
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Connect to CDB as sysdba
No need to create and initialize instance
Copies datafiles and creates service
Very fast
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Connect, Start and shutdown CDB and PDBs
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Export ORACLE_SID – CDB Instance name
Connect normally using sqlplust
p://www.vitalsofttech.com/managing-oracle12c-pdbs-and-cdbs-getting-started/
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Export CDB ORACLE_SID
Instance name always CDB instance
PDB created has own Service name
Connect using Service Name
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Export ORACLE_SID – CDB Instance name
Connect Normally using sqlplus
Run STARTUPracle-12c-pdbs-and-cdbsgetting-started/
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Not automatically started
Even if CDB is up
 PDBs in-accessible.
 In MOUNT mode
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Open all pluggable databases
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Closing all pluggable databases
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Shutdown in normal way
All PDB’s shut down automatically
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Is my PDB Really Secure?
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Users created in the CDB
User name will always start with C##
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Works the same way as users
Roles created in the CDB
Role names will always start with C##
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Common users need Privs to connect to each container
Grant Privs to a user cascade Privs across all PDBs
Exception is SEED database
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Created inside a specific PDB database
Cannot connect to other PDB’s or CDB
C## in name not required/allowed?
■ Cannot connect to CDB as users are local to PDB only
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Follows same convention as local users
Can only be created in PDBs
Limited to container where created
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Can be granted to local or Common users
 Below privilege granted in PDB, not cascaded to CDB
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Now, do I have to learn how to backup the Database?
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Connect to the CDB
 Same as a non-container backup
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 rman
Onetarget
command
backs up CDB and ALL PDBs
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Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.1.0
Production on Thu Sep 5 13:13:23 2013
……
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 05-SEP-13
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Connect to the CDB
RMAN> backup database root;
Starting backup at 05-SEP-13
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Connect to CDB use pluggable database
RMAN> backup pluggable database pdb12c;
Starting backup at 05-SEP-13
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■ Connect to PDB and run backup or
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 05-SEP-13
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Archive logs can ONLY be backed while connected to CDB
Connect to the CDB
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUSARCHIVE LOG;
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All databases attached can be flashed back
Except past the previous SCN Recovery time of the database
Work around is to offline the datafiles
ORA-39866: Data files for pluggable database must be offline to
flashback across a PDB point-in-time recovery
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Connect to CDB
Flashback the CDB and ALL PDB’s to same
point in time
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Where do I connect to look at DB info? CDB or PDB?
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New Views start with CDB_*
Only visible when connected to CDB
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V$ views
GV$ views
CDB_ views
DBA_HIST* views
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CON_ID
0
1
2
3-254
References
Entire CDB
Root
SEED
PDB's
 Is this a CDB?
select CDB from V$DATABASE;
 Container List
>select NAME, CON_ID, DBID, CON_UID, GUID
from V$CONTAINERS
order by CON_ID;
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 Container History
select DB_NAME, CON_ID, PDB_NAME, OPERATION,
OP_TIMESTAMP, CLONED_FROM_PDB_NAME
from CDB_PDB_HISTORY
where CON_ID > 2
order by CON_ID;
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Ready to upgrade?
Source Release
Source Patch Set
Direct Upgrade Support?
11gr2
11.2.0.2 and later
Yes
11.2.0.1
No
11.1.0.7
Yes
11.1.0.6
No
10.2.0.5
Yes
10.2.0.4 and
earlier
No.
All
No
11gr1
10g
9i and earlier
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SQL Plan Management Base
Evolve Plans
Don’t forget to test in non-production
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Install 12c Oracle binaries
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Run catupgrd.sql
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 24hrs Remote DBA Support
 Oracle Online Training
Oracle 12c Articles
www.vitalsofttech.com/articles/12c/
Worked with
 Sony America
 UCSD
 George Washington University
Phone: (800) 515-8174
Skype: ORACLE_IT
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My blog
- http://www.vitalsofttech.com/blogs
Email
- natik.ameen@gmail.com
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