2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions Key Vocabulary: Atom Proton/Neuton/Electron Element GET OUT: SYLLABUS LAB SAFETY CONTRACT 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules P. 4 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Top of P.4 • How can this plant digest a frog? – If plants can make their own food through photosynthesis, hypothesize why would a plant species evolve a mechanism to capture and eat animals? Please open to Pg. 35 in the textbook and read the paragraph in white font for your answer… Not EVERYTHING a plant needs is supplied by photosynthesis • Most plants absorb additional nutrients form the soil such as nitrogen and phosphorus • Venus fly traps live in swampy areas that have nitrogen poor soil, so they get this needed nitrogen by digesting animals 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • Venus Fly Trap 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. Please draw and label an atom in the middle section of pg. 4 energy level 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Fun Fact • It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure… • Protons- in the nucleus, Positively charged (+) • Neutrons-in the nucleus, Neutrally charged (no charge) • Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level, Negatively charged (-) Energy Level 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Energy levels: Electrons are located here. The inner level holds a maximum of 2 electrons. Oxygen atom (O) outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) Nucleus: 8 protons (+) 8 neutrons Energy Levels inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Bill Nye Part I- Atoms 6m36s 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • An element is one or more atoms of the same type. – cannot be broken down into simpler substances – Can be put together to make compounds or molecules – The atomic # (aka proton #) never varies! - Ex: Only Gold has 79 protons, Only Hydrogen has 1 proton gold aluminum 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules What do you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers? Iron 26 P 26 E 30 N Tin P Aluminum 13 13 E 14 N 50 P 50 E 69 N Gold 79 P 79 E 118 N Proton # = Electron# 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Atoms have equal numbers of +P and –E so they are... electrically neutral!!!! +79 + (-79) = ??? Gold 79 P 79 E 118 N +79 + (-79) = 0 +P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!! to read the Periodic Table of the Elements 2.1How Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2.1 How Atoms, Ions, Molecules to read the and Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic # = Proton # = Electron # All the same #!!!!! 2.1 How Atoms, Ions, Molecules to read the and Periodic Table of the Elements • Electron Configuration allows us to know how many electrons are in each energy level 6 energy levels • 1st=2 • 2nd=8 • 3rd= 18 • 4th= 32 • 5th=18 • 6th= 1 2+8+18+32+18+1= 79E 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How to find the Proton, Electron, and Neutron # for any element Atomic # Element’s Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass – Number of Protons = Atomic # 79 – Number of Electrons = #of Protons = Atomic # 79 – Number of Neutrons = Mass # (rounded up) - Atomic # 197 - 79 = 118 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Create Your Own Atom (P#/E#/N#) bottom P.4 Mass (rounded up)-Atomic #= Neutron # 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2 8 3 Draw an aluminum atom with protons, neutrons and electrons color coded – Protons – Neutrons – Electrons 26.9815386 Neutron # = Atomic mass (rounded up) – the atomic # 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Draw a Aluminum Atom – Protons: 13 – Neutrons: 14 (27-13= 14) – Electrons: 13 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Bill Nye Part II- Elements 9m35s 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7 Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding. Key Vocabulary: Ion Ionic bond Covalent bond Molecule 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules P.6 Ionic Bond EQ Ion Formation Covalent Bond 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements? Aluminum Iron Tin A: The number of protons in the nucleus!!!! 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20 – water (H2O) • Carbon dioxide (CO2) _ + H O H + Draw mini picture 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. • All compounds are molecules • NOT all molecules are compounds covalent covalent • • Compound and molecule Hydrogen – Ex: H2O Molecule only – Ex: O2 O O 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-). An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full. + - 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Positive Ions: •Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons •Become POSITIVELY charged ion Negative Ions: •Nearly full outer energy level =gain electrons •Become a NEGATIVELY charged ion Energy level 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules IONS 11P • 11P (+) • 10E (-) Please draw and Label on the top 1/3 of pg. 6 17P + • 17P (+) • 18E (-) - 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Hydrogen: neutral Hydrogen: becomes a positively charged ion Fluorine: needs one electron to fill its outer energy level Fluorine: “steals” an electron from Hydrogen. Becomes a negatively charged ion 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms. • They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are: • They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape • Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy) • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle movement in your body 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O. Draw in the middle section of pg. 6 “Opposites Attract!!!!” Now we have salt!!!! 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules covalent bonds – Share electrons in outer energy level – Can have multiple bonds – Strong bonds covalent covalent H2O Aka Water! Hydrogen Draw in the middle section of pg. 6 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Ionic and Covalent Bonding 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules On the bottom of pg. 6 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Pg. 38-39 in book 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds Bonds ions Form between oppositely charged ions Dissolve in H2O bonding Share electrons Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds atoms Strong Bond 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9 Topic: Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds Essential Question: None 2.1 Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • Draw the atom that is described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. • • • • 1. Nitrogen: Protons: 7 Neutrons: 7 Electrons: 7 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Elements Draw an Atoms Atom 1. (picture) 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (picture) (picture) 7. 3. (picture) (picture) 8. P. 8 Pg. 36-39 in book Metals: #s Nonmetals:#s Metalloids: #s 11. Ductile: able to deform without breaking Brittle: hard, but easy to shatter 12. Malleable: able to be hammered into another 13. permanent shape without breaking Molecules 14. 15. 10. 1. 16. 11. 2. 17. 12. 3. 18. 13. 4. 19. 14. 5. 20. 15. 6. 21. 16. 7. 22. 17. 8. 23. 18. 9. 24. P. 9 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Classwork • Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds” worksheet – DO NOT complete “Compound” portion (last pg.) • When you are done you are to work on your Eqs for 2.1 • Cornell Questions (4-6) for each day of 2.1 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Draw an Atom • 1. Hydrogen • 2. Carbon • 3. Oxygen 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • • • • • • Atoms 1. True 2. False- Electrons are negatively charged 3. True 4. False- Neutrons are neutrally charged 5. False- # of protons does not = the # of electrons 6. Helium • 7. Carbon • 8. A compound must at least 2 different elements bonded together, where a molecule is any 2 or more atoms bonded together 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Elements • • • • • • • • • • • Metals: 1 3 6 7 Nonmetals: 2 4 9 Metalloids: 5 8 10 11. element 12. atomic # 13. protons 14. below 15. mass 16. neutrons 17. nucleus 18. location • • • • • • 19. nitrogen 20. N 21. 7 22. 14.0 23. 7 24. 7 14= 7 + ___ Mass #= P# + N# 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Molecules • • • • • • • • • • 1. molecules 2. molecules 3. compounds 4. molecules 5. compounds 6. compounds 7. molecules 8. compounds 9. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen 10. 2 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen • • • • • • • • 11. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Sulfur, 4 Oxy 12. 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen 13. 6 Carbon, 12 Hydro, 6 Oxy 14. 2 Carbon, 4 Hydro, 2 Oxy 15. 6 Carbon, 8 Hydro, 7 Oxy 16. 2 Carbon, 6 Hydro, 1 Oxy 17. 3 Hydro, 1 phosphorus, 4 Oxy 18. 1 Silicon, 1 Oxygen