RDA: What Does it Mean to School
Library Resource Description and Access ?
DR. BARBARA SCHULTZ-JONES
DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS
DENTON, TX
ESC Region XI
Virtual Technology Conference
NOVEMBER 11, 2009
Objectives
2
 Understand the role of FRBR and FRAD in Resource
Description and Access (RDA)
 Understand the impact of RDA on cataloging tasks
 Understand the impact of RDA on user operations
 Consider a strategy for implementing RDA in the
school library media center
What do I need to learn about RDA?
3
• The main questions being asked are:
How do we use it?
 How do we implement it in our library?
 Are vendors creating new systems that use it?
• Perhaps the most challenging aspect will be
learning the complexity of the FRBR entityrelationship models in which information
resources are classified as:

• Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items (often
referred to as WEMI).
Where we are and how we got here
4
 Resource Description and Access (RDA) replaces Anglo-American Cataloguing
Rules, 2nd ed. (AACR2) in January 2010, as an online database product to
incorporate the features and functionalities of online access. (JSC, www.rda-jsc.org/)

Work began in 2004, initially conceived as AACR3 but need for greater flexibility drove the
movement to a new approach
 Based in part on conceptual models in Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Functional Requirements for
Authority Data (FRAD)
 Motivated by :



Changes in technology
• Impact on descriptive/access data
• Book catalogs
• Card catalogs
• OPACs
• Next generation
Move from the isolated individual library to incorporation of the international
audience
Move from classes of materials to elements and values (more controlled vocabularies)
Bibliographic Universe






Books
Serials
Maps, globes, etc.
Manuscripts.
Musical scores
A-V






sound recordings
motion pictures
photographs, slides
Multimedia
“Remote” digital
materials
Etc.
5
Intention of RDA
6
 Broaden the statement of principles (Paris Principles)



All types of resources (not just books)
Bibliographic relationships, descriptive cataloging, not Subject
Cataloging at this time
Access (not just choice and form of entry, but all access for
bibliographic and authority records)
 Builds on


Great cataloguing traditions of the world
FRBR and FRAD and future FR-Subjects
AACR2 vs. RDA: Difference in Proportions
7
AACR2
 Description of information entities—13 chapters (Part 1)
 Weak on access points; talks of main and added (MAP,
AAP), have to look all over Part II for access point
provisions (e.g., title access points are discussed in chapter
21 only and then only as a default provision, not much
direction)
 Is not really based on the idea of a “work”, rather it is very
much based on the unit record system.
AACR2 vs. RDA, continued
8
RDA
 Description is covered in 4 chapters, everything else is
about access points
 Form is no longer the first decision; chapters are not based
on form (e.g., no longer have chapters 2-12 as in AACR2)
 Does not focus on the unit record system—it can be, but it
doesn’t need to do so—rather it operates on the idea of a
“work”
 Does not put the cataloger in the decision of having to
decide Main and Added Access points; we don’t need those
distinctions any longer although it does use the idea of a
“preferred access point”
RDA and AACR2
9
How RDA Differs from
AACR2
How RDA is similar to
AACR2
 Not organized by form
 Most rules will not
of item
 Based on the
Functional
Requirements for
Bibliographic Records
(FRBR)
change
 Discusses description
and access points
RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS
(RDA)
RECORDING ATTRIBUTES
Introduction
Section 1. Chapters 1-4
Recording attributes of manifestation and item
Section 2. Chapters 5-7
Recording attributes of work and expression
Section 3. Chapters 8-11
Recording attributes of person, family, and corporate body
Section 4. Chapters 12-16
Recording attributes of concept, object, event, and place
RECORDING RELATIONSHIPS
Section 5. Chapter 17
Recording primary relationships between work, expression,
manifestation, and item
Section 6. Chapters 18-22
Recording relationships to persons, families, and corporate
bodies
Section 7. Chapters 23
Recording relationships to concepts, objects, events, and
places associated with a work
Section 8. Chapters 24-28
Recording relationships between works, expressions,
manifestations, and items
Section 9. Chapters 29-32
Recording relationships between persons, families, and
corporate bodies
Section 10. Chapters 33-37
Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events,
and places
Appendices A-M
Glossary
ANGLO-AMERICAN CATALOGUING RULES, 2ND
ED., REV.
PART I DESCRIPTION
Introduction
Chapter 1.
General Rules
Chapters 2-12
Special rules applicable to particular types of information
resources (i.e., maps, manuscripts, music, etc.)
Chapter 13
Analytical descriptions
PART I HEADINGS, UNIFORM TITLES AND REFERENCES
Chapter 20
Introduction
Chapter 21
Choice of Access points [main and added]
Chapter 22
Headings for persons
Chapter 23
Geographic names
Chapter 24
Headings for Corporate Bodies
Chapter 25
Uniform Titles
Chapter 26
References
Appendices A-E
Index
10
How much must I re-learn?
11
 RDA now outlines the first step in creating a catalog record
as deciding on the type of description to be represented,
and not deciding on format, although format is still integral
 Types of description (rules 1.2)
 Comprehensive, analytical, or multi-level description
 More emphasis on showing bibliographic relationships
(e.g., taxonomy of bibliographic relationships) in order to
better allow clustering of records
 Read--works by B. Tillett, R. Smiraglia; M. Yee, S.
Vellucci, E. O’Neill, D. Vizine-Goetz, just to name a few…
Preparation
12
 Cataloging community must
 study the conceptual model offered by FRBR and FRAD
 Read and study drafts of RDA as released
 Provide feedback to JSC and vendors
 Vendors must consider a re-design of their
automation systems in order to incorporate new
functionality of bibliographic and authority data
 Vendors producing bibliographic records must
consider how and when to add the new RDA fields to
MARC records
What’s a conceptual model?
13
• Abstract depiction of the universe of
things being described



The things in that universe (entities)
Identifying characteristics of those
entities (attributes/elements)
The relationships among the entities
Why do we need FRBR?
14
 Improve the user experience in locating
information
 Guide systems designs for the future
 Guide rule makers
 Cut costs for the description and access to
resources in our libraries
 Position information providers to better operate
in the Internet environment and beyond
Applications of the Conceptual Model
15

FRBR is conceptual
model


Opportunities for the
future in new
systems designs



No application is
prescribed
Australia, Europe
Variations3, etc.
Keep user foremost
in mind
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
(FRBR)
16

User tasks





Entity-relationship model




Find
Identify
Select
Obtain
Entities: Group 1, 2, 3
Relationships
Attributes
National level record elements (mandatory & optional
data)
FRBR Entities
17
Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic
endeavor = bibliographic resources




Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model
18
 Entities
 Relationships
 Attributes (data elements)
relationship
One Entity
Another Entity
FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model
Work
Person
19
created
was created by
Shakespeare
Hamlet
Work
is realized through
Expression
Intellectual/
artistic content
Physical recording of
content
is embodied in
Manifestation
is exemplified by
Item
20
Vocabulary
21
 “Book”
–Door prop
(item)
–“publication”
at bookstore
any copy
(manifestation)
Vocabulary
22
 “Book”
–Who translated?
(expression)
–Who wrote?
(work)
Group 1
Work
is realized through
Expression
is embodied in
Manifestation
recursive
one
is exemplified by
Item
many
23
Elements to Describe Resources
 Manifestation

ID

Title

Statement of
responsibility

Edition

Imprint (place,
publisher, date)

Form/extent of carrier

Terms of availability

Mode of access

etc.
 Item

ID

Provenance

Location

etc.
 Work




ID
Title
Date
etc.
 Expression





ID
Form
Date
Language
etc.
24
Work
25
Les Trois Mousquetaires
French
text
movie
Expressions
26
books
Videocassettes
DVDs
Manifestations
CDs
27
Examples
28
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books
Collection? Item
Digitized version of the Oxford University Press
text published in 2008? Manifestation
French translation? Expression
London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance?
The Three Musketeers?
Expression
Work
Family of Works
Equivalent
Descriptive
Derivative
Free
Translation
Edition
Microform
Reproduction
Simultaneous
“Publication”
Abridged
Edition
Copy
Revision
Exact
Reproduction
Translation
Facsimile
Reprint
Original Work -
Same
Expression
Variations
or Versions
Illustrated
Edition
Summary
Abstract Dramatization
Digest
Novelization
Screenplay
Libretto
Review
Casebook
Criticism
Evaluation
Change of Genre
Parody Annotated
Imitation Edition
Expurgated
Edition
Arrangement
Same Style or
Thematic Content
Commentary
Slight
Modification
Same Work –
New Expression
Adaptation
Cataloging Rules Cut29Off Point
New Work
Relationships
Work
Expression

Inherent among the
Group 1 entities

Content relationships
among
works/expressions
Manifestation
Item
Whole-Part
Derivative
Sequential
Accompanying
30
FRBR Entities
31
Group 1: Bibliographic resources
 Work
 Expression
 Manifestation
 Item
FRBR Entities
32
Group 2: Those responsible for the
intellectual & artistic content = Parties
 Person
 Corporate body
 Family
Relationship vs. Element
33
Work
Created by
Creates
Person
Shakespeare
Hamlet
Work
Group 2
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is owned by
Person
is produced by
Family
is realized by
is created by
Corporate Body
many
34
FRBR Entities
35
Group 3:Subjects of works
 Groups 1 & 2 plus
 Concept
 Object
 Event
 Place
 Subject relationship
Subject Relationship
36
Work
Created by
Creates
Person
Concept/Topic
Work
Work
Expression
has as subject
Manifestation
Item
Person
Family
has as subject
Corporate Body
Group 3
Concept
Object
has as subject
Event
Place
many
37
FRBR Benefits
38
 Collocation



Better organization to catalog
More options to display
• Identifying elements
• Pathways
Simplify cataloging
enabling links and re-use of
identifying elements

Objectives of Catalogs
39
 Cutter’s objectives for the catalog
 Finding
- description and access
standards
 Collocating
- controlled “vocabularies”
for precision of searching
“User Tasks” - FRBR
40
 Find (locate and
collocate)
 Identify
 Select
 Obtain
 Relate/Navigate
Objectives of Catalogs
41
 Finding (locate)
 A single specific resource
 Collocating (sets of resources)
 All resources belonging to the same work
 All resources belonging to the same expression
 All resources belonging to the same manifestation
 All the works and expressions of a person, corporate
body, or family
 All resources on a given subject
 All resources sharing some specific characteristic

Language, place of publication, date, etc.
Collocation by Works
42
 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.
+ All’s well that ends well
+ As you like it
+ Hamlet
+ Macbeth
+ Midsummer night’s dream
+ …
Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions
43
 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
+ Texts
+ Motion Pictures
+ Sound Recordings
Collocation by Expressions
44
 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
+ Texts – Danish
+ Texts – Dutch
+ Texts – English
+ Texts – French
+ Texts – Spanish
+ Motion Pictures – English
+ Sound Recordings - English
Collocation of Manifestations
45
 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
- Motion pictures – English
+
+
+
+
+
+
1964 Director, Bill Collegan
1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning
1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli
1992 Director, Maria Muat
1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh
2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson
Collocation
 Objectives of a
Hamlet
catalog: display




Shakespeare
All the works
associated with a
person, etc.
All the
expressions of the
same work
All the
manifestations of
the same
expression
All items/copies of
the same
manifestation
English
Romeo and
Juliet
French
German
Swedish
Stockholm
2008
Library of Congress
Copy 1
Green leather binding
46
Pathways to Related Works
Shakespeare
Stoppard
Hamlet
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern
Are Dead
Text
English
Movies
…
Romeo and
Juliet
French
German
Swedish
Stockholm
2008
Library of Congress
Copy 1
Green leather binding
47
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
LC Control No.
LCCN Permalink
Type of Material
Personal Name
Main Title
Published/Created
Description
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
47023612
http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612
Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.
... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide.
[Paris] Gallimard [1946]
2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER
-- Request in
: PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1
: Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
48
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
LC Control No.
LCCN Permalink
Type of Material
Personal Name
Main Title
Published/Created
Description
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
47023612
http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612
Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.
... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide.
[Paris] Gallimard [1946]
2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER
-- Request in
: PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1
: Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Person
49
Work
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Expression
LC Control No.
LCCN Permalink
Type of Material
Personal Name
Main Title
Published/Created
Description
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
47023612
http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612
Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.
... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide.
[Paris] Gallimard [1946]
2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER
-- Request in
: PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1
: Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
50
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Manifestation
LC Control No.
LCCN Permalink
Type of Material
Personal Name
Main Title
Published/Created
Description
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
47023612
http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612
Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.
... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide.
[Paris] Gallimard [1946]
2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER
-- Request in
: PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1
: Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
51
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
LC Control No.
LCCN Permalink
Type of Material
Personal Name
Main Title
Published/Created
Description
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
47023612
http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612
Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.
... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide.
[Paris] Gallimard [1946]
2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER
-- Request in
: PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1
: Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
52
Item
FRBR-based systems
54
Concept
Person
Work
Person
Expression
Manifestation
Manifestation
Item
Corporate body
Item
Item
MARC 21 Changes
(slide from “RDA and OCLC”, Webinar presentation, October 2009. K. Calhoun, J. Godby, T. Fons, and G.Patton)
55



Bibliographic records
040 ‡e code ‘rda’ to identify the rules used
New fields for content type, media type and carrier
type







Field 336 – Content type
Field 337 – Media type
Field 338 – Carrier type
Authority records
040 ‡e code ‘rda’ to identify the rules used
Other fields for entity attributes
OCLC implementation in time for use in the testing
Content, media, and carrier types
56
 Content type
 MARC Leader/06 - must continue to use



Less granular than RDA
MARC LDR/06 code examples
• e - cartographic material
• f - manuscript cartographic material
New field 336 - use to record exact RDA terms
$a Content type terms
$2 Source
 RDA term examples
• cartographic dataset
• cartographic image
• cartographic moving image
• cartographic tactile image
• cartographic tactile three-dimensional form
• cartographic three-dimensional form
 336 ## $a cartographic dataset $2 rda
Content, media, and carrier types
57
 Media type
 MARC 007/00 – close match with RDA

007 provides coding for multiple facets of resource


MARC 007/00 code examples
• h - microform
• s - sound recording
New field 337 - use to record exact RDA terms and/or do
not need to code additional facets of resource
$a Media type term
$2 Source
 RDA term examples
• microform
• audio
 337 ## $a microform $2 rda
 337 ## $a audio $2 rda
Content, media, and carrier types
58
 Carrier type
 MARC 007/01 – close match with RDA

007 provides coding for multiple facets of resource


MARC 007/01 code examples
• b - microfilm cartridge
• d - sound disc
New field 338 - use to record exact RDA terms and do
not need to code additional facets of resource
$a Carrier type term
$2 Source
 RDA term examples
• microform cartridge
• audio disc
 338 ## $a microfilm cartridge $2 rda
 338 ## $a audio disc $2 rda
Who’s ready now?
59
 VTLS - Virtua

http://www.vtls.com/products/virtua
 Automation system designed with FRBR concepts
 The Primo® system from Ex Libris

http://www.exlibrisgroup.com
 FRBRized interface to streamline the discovery process.
Linked bibliographic and authority records
NAME AUTHORITY RECORD
100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth
400 $a Variant name for the person
500 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person
$0 Identifier for the person
…
1
BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD
100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth
240 $a Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression
245 $a Title proper $c Statement of responsibility relating to title proper
250 $a Designation of edition
260 $a Place of publication $b Publisher’s name $c Date of publication
300 $a Extent
338 $a Carrier type
500 $a Nature of the content
…
700 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person
$e Relationship designator
700 $a Preferred name for the person $c Profession or occupation
$e Relationship designator
730 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work
740 $a Variant title
2
NAME-TITLE AUTHORITY RECORD
100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth
$t Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression
530 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work
$0 Identifier for the work
…
3
NAME AUTHORITY RECORD
100 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person
400 $a Variant name for the person
500 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth
$0 Identifier for the person
…
NAME AUTHORITY RECORD
HOLDINGS RECORD
506 $a Restrictions on access
561 $a Custodial history of item
562 $a Item-specific carrier characteristic
…
100 $a Preferred name for the person $c Profession or occupation
400 $a Variant name for the person
…
TITLE AUTHORITY RECORD
130 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work
500 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth
$t Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression
$0 Identifier for the work
…
Manifestation Record - VTLS
61
Next Steps
62
 RDA Testing

January – March 2010


April – June 2010


Formal testing (23 of 90 selected)
 LIS educators included in test group; UNT participating
 NEISD San Antonio representing school libraries
July – September 2010


Preparatory period, preliminary use of RDA and RDA Online tool
Formal Assessment
October 2010

Final report shared with U.S. library community
 Vendor adoption, creativity and design!
Questions?
Thank You.
http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html
http://www.rdaonline.org/constituencyreview/
http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic -future/rda/
http://www.rdaonline.org