MATTER
Mr. Atom
Results
Answer your own questions
Use this information to answer the key
question
Use the key words in a crossword –
meanings as cues.
Put all of this research into a booklet
for Year six students to read
What is the relationship between solids,
liquids and gases?
o What do I need to know to answer this
key question?
o Where can I find this information?
o What other information would be
relevant when answering the key
question?
QUESTIONS
What do you already know about Matter?
What do you need to know?
The following slides, the caves, the
Matter video and library will help you
find the information.
Write your own research questions.
Gathering Information
The following slides will help you
gather information to answer
the big question.
Use the list of key words to help
you. Write down what you find
out about these words next to
the words.
Go to the caves- Room 10 under
murphy- password 8716093.
and gather relevant information
KEY WORDS
matter
state
condensation
substance
melting
freezing
material
boiling
solidify
chemical
atom
sublimation
particles
diffusion
vapour
solids
mixing
energy
liquids
three
mixtures
gases
evaporation
dissolved
changes
steam
temperatures
Introduction
The world is made up of all kinds of ‘stuff’.
Some occur naturally, some have been made
by a combination of materials.
Scientists use the words substance, matter,
material and chemical instead of the word
‘stuff’.
‘Stuff’ is made up of very tiny particles.
The smallest particle that can exist and still be
‘stuff’ is called an atom.
Solids, Liquids and Gases
All substances are made of matter.
Matter is classified into three states:
solid, liquid and gas.
The differences between the states
depend on:
• How tightly the particles are packed
together
• How much the particles are moving
around
MATTER
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
•wood
•water,
•oxygen
•metal
•Oil
•Methane
•plastic
•petrol
•helium
The particles are the same size in all
three states. Differences are due to the
spaces between the particles.
Characteristics of the three states of Matter.
SOLIDS
LIQUIDS
• fixed shape
• no fixed shape- fill
fixed volume
• cannot be
compressed
• Particles are
held together
strongly & don’t
move. ( just vibrate
slightly)
GASES
• no fixed shape or
their container from volume – spread out
to fill all the available
bottom up
space
• fixed volume
•Particles are not
• can be compressed held together or
only slightly
attracted to each
other
• particles are held
• easily compressed
together very weakly • particles are far
and move around
apart and moving
rapidly
WATER IN THREE DIFFERENT STATES
Drinks served in a restaurant involve all three states of matter
Lemonade is mostly
water
Steam from hot coffee
Ice in
Lemonade
CHANGES OF STATE
When something changes state,
heat is always added or removed
Water can be a solid (ice)
 a liquid (water)
or a gas (water vapour)
CHANGES OF STATE
water
ice
WATER
VAPOUR
Heat added
Heat added
MELTING
EVAPORATION
GAS
SOLID
LIQUID
CONDENSING
Heat removed
Heating causes evaporation and boiling
of liquids to form gases
EVAPORATION occurs when a liquid
changes to a gas.
Water evaporates to form a water vapour, a gas.
The particles in water are constantly moving
around. Some of those moving towards the
water surface have enough energy to escape
Evaporation of water occurs slowly at low
temperatures but is much faster at higher
temperatures
o When water is heated the first bubbles
seen are dissolved gases escaping.
o At higher temperatures water particles
have more energy and move faster, (cont.)
Heating causes
evaporation and
boiling of liquids to
form gases
Changes of state continued
o At higher temperatures
more water particles
have enough energy to
escape from the
surface of the water –
evaporation occurs
more quickly.
o As heating continues,
bubbles of water
vapour form in the
water and quickly rise
to the surface
Water is said to be
boiling when it
bubbles rapidly. The
boiling point of water
is 100 degrees C.
The water vapour is
now steam.
CONDENSATION
o If steam from a saucepan of
boiling water or water
vapour from a hot shower
cools it turns back into
water, the liquid state.
THIS IS CALLED
CONDENSATION
Changes of state continued
Ice usually melts at 0 degrees C, this is
called its melting point.
If water is called enough it will freeze (
sometimes called solidify).
The freezing point of water is the same
as the melting point, o degrees C.
SUBLIMATION
A few solids do not melt
to become liquids
when heated but
instead turn directly
into a gas.
With cooling, the gas
turns into a solid’
THIS IS CALLED
SUBLIMATION
SUBLIMATION
Iodine crystals sublime.
When the purple iodine gas
touches a cool surface, a
solid, not a liquid, forms.
Another substance that
sublimes is carbon dioxide. At
temperatures below -78
degrees C it turns into a white
solid called ‘dry ice’. Heated to
above -78 degrees C it turns
into a colourless gas.
DRY ICE
Dry ice is used to
produce ‘smoke’ for
special effects.
The smoke is actually
tiny droplets of water
vapour which
condense from the
air as the dry ice
sublimes.
MELTING AND BOILING POINTS
o No two substances
o Impure substances
have the same melting
usually melt over a
and boiling points.
range of several
degrees below the
o Melting points can be
melting point of the
used to identify
impure substance.
substances.
o Pure water freezes
o Melting and boiling
at 0 degrees C.
points can also be used
to tell whether a
o Sea water freezes at
substance is pure or
-2 degrees C and
impure
boils at 102 degrees
C.
Pure Substances and Mixtures
o A pure substance has
just one type of
chemical in it.
o A mixture has two or
more different chemicals
in it.
SOLUTIONS ARE
MIXTURES
Solutions are Mixtures
WHITE HAT
• The white hat
While wearing the
white hat, think about
the facts, figures and
information that you
have gathered about
matter.
• What have you
found out about
Matter?
The Red Hat
o The red hat is for
feelings and
emotions.
o How have you felt
about this research
about Matter?
o What are your
feelings about this
study?
YELLOW HAT
• The yellow hat
The yellow hat is for
optimism and positive
views of things. What
positive aspects of
Matter have you
identified?
THE GREEN HAT
• The green hat
The green hat is for
creative thinking, new
ideas and additional
alternatives. Putting on
the green hat makes time
and space for creative
effort.
• What new ideas and
creative aspects of
life have you found in
your study of Matter?
THE BLACK HAT
When you wear the black
hat you are thinking
about negative issues
or problems.
What problems or issues
about matter have you
had difficulty coming to
terms with?
THE BLUE HAT
o The blue hat asks you to draw
all this thinking together,
summarise what you have
found, and draw conclusions
about Matter.
o Do you think there might
more discoveries about
matter in the year 2010?
o What issues might arise from
these discoveries for young
people in the future?
o How might science change
and grow?
Results
Answer your own questions
Use this information to answer the key
question
Use the key words in a crossword –
meanings as cues.
Put all of this research into a booklet
for Year six students to read