Simulation, Animation, Virtual
Reality and Virtual
Manufacturing
Simulation
By
Poorya Ghafoorpoor Yazdi
Outlines
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Introduction to Simulation
Simulation Applications
Advantages of Simulation
Arena as a simulation software
Introduction to Simulation
• Definition
Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system
and conducting experiments with this model for the purpose of
either understanding the behavior of the system and/or
evaluating various strategies for the operation of the system
Introduction to Simulation
Ability of the simulation
• Model complex systems in a detailed way
Ability of the simulation
• Describe the behavior of systems
Ability of the simulation
• Construct theories or hypotheses that account for
the observed behavior
• Use the model to predict future behavior, that is,
the effects that will be produced by changes in the
system
• Analyze proposed systems
Application of Simulation
• COMPUTER
SYSTEMS:
hardware
components, software systems, networks, data
base management, information processing, etc..
Application of Simulation
• MANUFACTURING:
material handling
systems, assembly lines, automated production
facilities, inventory control systems, plant layout,
etc..
Application of Simulation
• BUSINESS: stock and commodity analysis,
pricing policies marketing strategies, cash flow
analysis, forecasting, etc..
Application of Simulation
• GOVERNMENT: military weapons and their
use, military tactics, population forecasting,
land use, health care delivery, fire protection,
criminal justice, traffic control, etc..
Advantages of Simulation
• Can be used to study existing systems without
disrupting the ongoing operations.
• Proposed systems can be “tested” before
committing resources.
• Allows us to control time.
• Allows us to gain insight into which variables are
most important to system performance.
Real Examples
• Simulation of an Intelligent parking lot system
• Simulation of a manufacturing assembly line
Simulation of an Intelligent Traffic
control system
Simulation Requirements
• System design around one control language program (PLC)
• Control Software (Siemens PLC)
• Computer with appropriate hardware and software
configuration
Simulation Goals
• Modification of the timers according to the necessary time for
car to pass the gates
• Modification of the counter base of the parking capacity
• Achieve the synchronization among the gates
Simulation of an Intelligent Traffic
control system
Simulation Achievements
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Lower operation cost
Ease of programming or(reprogramming)
Low failure rate
Finally the ability to optimize the timing for heavy traffic
conditions
Simulation of an Intelligent Traffic
control system
Procedure
1- Design the ladder based program
The ‘PLC’ program is designed to associate parking gate control
system in parallel with the capacity of the parking:
• A- At First stage, the parking is empty both gates are closed
• B- First car going to be in front of the first Sensor and send a
signal as an input to PLC
• C- This Signal will be a run signal for the Counter to start
counting the number of the empty spaces in the parking
(Counting Up)
Simulation of an Intelligent Traffic
control system
• D- When Sensor 1 and Counter become activate in the PLC,
activating the timer will be output of the PLC in this stage.
• E- Timer is set to close the gate after 6 second for the car to
pass (timer off)
• F- The procedure will be continued to fill the empty spaces
totally.
• G- Now the parking is full and no more car allow to go in. In
this case the entrance gate will be disabled.
• H- When a car wants to leave the parking sensor 2 will be
activated and will be as an input to PLC to start the counter
down.
• I- Any counted number will be considered as the empty space
in parking and let the entrance gate to be open.
Simulation of an Intelligent Traffic
control system
• 2- To achieve the automation of traffic lights
time, it is necessary to provide the information
to ‘PLC’ in terms of the state equations, which
are converted into ladder diagram
Simulation of an Intelligent Traffic
control system
3- Transfer the program to PLC
4- Verify the program on PC monitor