Information Technology & Software:
Policies, Progress,
HR Supply & Quality
and
Economic & Social Impact
By
Dr T.H. CHOWDARY
Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies
Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )
Former: Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &
Information Technology Advisor,
Government of Andhra Pradesh
T: +91(40) 6667-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 6667-1111, 2789-6103
hanuman.chowdary@tcs.com
thc@satyam.com
Key-note address @ Montessori Mahila Kalasala, Vijayawada: 16 Feb
2008
ICTs as Engines of a New Society
• ICTs facilitate the emergence and sustenance of
a information/knowledge society where Men
think and machines work.
• Like Electricity, Highways and Rail Roads and
automobiles facilitated the birth & growth of
industrial societies.
• Lenin said Electricity plus Education is
socialism.
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Why we picked up ICTs First
• We “ evangelized” ICTs ( and software)
• Firstly as immediate relief to unemployed hordes of engineering and
science ( and commerce & Arts) graduates.
• Building on human resource, we moved into e-governance and
further into every economic, managerial & social activities
• A connected country, communicating people; and empowered
citizenry.
* Knowledge will forever govern ignorance and people who mean to
be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which
knowledge gives
– James Madison, President of US
(Inscription at the entrance to the Library of Congress)
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Inspiring Visions
• We will produce electricity so cheap that only the rich
can afford to burn candles”
- Thomas Alva Edison
• To get to know each other, on a world-wide scale is
the human race’s most urgent need to-day. And once
this mutual familiarity is established there is some
hope that we may all become aware of the common
humanity underlying the differences in our local
manners and customs.
-Arnold Toynbee
( at the time of launching TELSTAR in 1963)
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Inspiring Visions (3)
Ghar Ghar mein radio
(a radio in every home)
Gaon Gaon mein telephone - 1978
(a telephone in every village)
- Dr T.H.CHOWDARY
“We will make telephoning cheaper than a post card
-Dr T.H.CHOWDARY
Haath Haath mein telephone
( a telephone in every one’s hand)
Gaon Gaon mein Internet – 1997
( An Internet Kiosk in every village)
-Dr T.H.CHOWDARY
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Policies
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Policies (1)
• IT & Software businesses were born after the
demise of Nehruvian Socialism (= PermitLicence-Quota raj) in 1991 & so are thriving.
• Computers & Computerisation were
“un-socialist”; “American devils”; “enemies of
workers” - Leftists & Progressives.
• During the Janata Government; George
Fernandez drove out American Devils “IBM” &
Coca-Cola ……
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Policies (2)
• C.M.C was founded in 26 Dec 1975 as a
PSU. It took over maintenance &
operations of IBM’s equipment in
government offices – Hyderabad as Head
Quarter.
• ECIL was tasked to produce computers.
• 1st Indigenous design & production by
TIFR Narsimhan
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Policies (3)
• Computers were being selectively used since
1950 in government departments – Indian
Statistical Institute; Census of India ;
Meteorological Department; 217 in the whole of
India by 1974.
• Communists, their Trade Unions; their fellowtraveling intellectuals have been opposing
computerisation; their unions in Banks were
militantly opposed.
• Rajiv Gandhi boldly spoke for computer use in
government; encouraged & directed their use by
all officers in Delhi.
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Policies (4)
• National Informatic Center (NIC) was set up in
Delhi in the year 1976-’77, Connect all District
Head Quarters; State capitals with NIC by
VSATs; computerise all data and exchange &
update it; First data network (NICNET) with
video –conferencing (490 sites); 3000 VSATs
connecting as many towns /cities
• A great resource for Planning Commission &
Planning Depts of all States
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Policies (5)
• NIC personnel posted in all state capitals; e-MIS
• Various GO I/GOI’s networks- R&D, Agriculture,
RBI, SBI, Stock Exchange…..
• First software export venture Texas Instruments (TI) in Bangalore with its own
satellite link to the US in 1986-’87
• First Indian private company to have a satellite
link to the US for /software export (Satyam John Deere: Moline, Illinois; USA) – “Little India
project
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Policies (6)
• Tax holiday; STPs; exemptions from
Inspector Raj ; Internet-demonopolisation
( 1st Private Sector Internet Cy-Satyampromoted SIFY – 1999
• I.T Vision – A P moves GOI
• NASCOM
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NDA Govt – 1998 May (1)
• PM’s National Task Force on IT & SW
• Sri Chandra Babu Naidu as Co-Chairman
& myself were Members
• Our vision adopted by India
• 108 Recommendations w/in 4 months in
the 1st Report; accepted & ordered within
two months.
• End to monopoly on Internet, Telecoms
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NDA Govt – 1998 May (2)
• STPs; Customs Duties slashed, Tax-holiday for 10 Y;
Export target $ 50 bln by 2010; 50 IIITs on PPP; End of
Inspector Raj for ICT Cos: huge increase in Engg
Colleges; e-governance; e-commerce; e-learning;
SWANs; IT cities (like HITEC in HD), land-grants; ICT
depts. in states; FDI inflows.
• Chandrababu, myself, N Seshagiri, N Vittal; Vajpayeeji,
Arun Shourie …………
• 1997-2004 Golden period for IT & SW Cos boom
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State Government’s Policies
• States are competing to attract SW companies from all
over the world and so are coming out with facilitative and
supportive policies
• Under their own initiative as in southern States and
under the advice of the Union government many states
have extensive e-governance and e-seva policies &
programs
• 11th Five-Year Plan provides about Rs.12,000cr to States
to implement e-governance
• Center for Good Governance and Center for egovernance established in Hyderabad as all India
resources.
• NASSCOM as the all India non-governmental trade body
to propose and get IT policies permitting India the
world’s preferred country for location of ICT development
and IT and SW services for the global economy
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Human Resources
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India’s Knowledge Workers
•
•
•
•
400,000 Engineers
70,000 MBAs; 70,000 MCAs
10,000,000 in the ‘varsities
Export education – NIIT in 50 countries; English,
French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, Chinese…
• 10% only recruit able & ready to work
• So “Finishing Schools” are coming up.
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Human Resource
•
•
•
•
•
•
(20 to 25)% are ICT graduates
But employables : 10% readily;
Another 10% with some training
Rural & Minority colleges : Despair
Exam talent: No knowledge talent
EAMCET, AICTE : Must be wound up (
eg: Tamilnadu),
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Brand India
• 25% of companies started in the USA are by Indians
• 25% of ICT professionals in the US are Indians; of them
25% are from A P; of these 80% are from Andhra &
R’seema
• 35% of Microsoft’s Associates are Indians;
• 1/3rd from Andhra Pradesh
• [20 to 25]% of S&T persons in NASA, INTEL, Motorola,
QUALCOM, etc. are from India.
• More than 200 of the FORTUNE 500 companies have
R & D centers in India [HY,BG,PN,CN….] Chinese
companies HUAWI & ZTE too are here
• Indian CEOs for many MNCs
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Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology PhD
Degrees in the United States, China and India
10,000.00
9,000.00
Graduates
8,000.00
7,000.00
6,000.00
5,000.00
4,000.00
3,000.00
2,000.00
1,000.00
199495
199596
199697
199798
199899
199900
200001
200102
200203
200304
200405
Academic Year
USA
China
India
Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com
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Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Master’s Degrees
in the United States, China and India (Actual and Estimated Data)
70,000
60,000
Graduates
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 200495
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Academic Year
USA (Engr/Techl)
China (Engr/Techl)
India(Engr/Techl)
India(MCA)
Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com
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Progress
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Key Highlights of the IT-ITES sector performance in FY 2007-08 (1)
USD Billion
FY 2004
FY 2005
FY 2006
FY2007
FY2008 E
IT Services
10.4
13.5
17.8
23.5
31.0
-Exports
7.3
10.0
13.3
18.0
23.1
-Domestic
3.1
3.5
4.5
5.5
7.9
ITES-BPO
3.4
5.2
7.2
9.5
12.5
-Exports
3.1
4.6
6.3
8.4
10.9
-Domestic
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.6
Engg Services & R&D,
SW products
2.9
3.8
5.3
6.5
8.5
-Exports
2.5
3.1
4.0
4.9
6.3
-Domestic
0.4
0.7
1.3
1.6
2.2
N.A.: Not available
Note: Figures may not add up due to rounding off
Source: NASSCOM
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Key Highlights of the IT-ITES sector performance in FY 2007-08 (2)
USD Billion
FY 2004
FY 2005
FY 2006
FY2007
FY2008 E
Total Software and
Services Revenues
Of which, exports are
16.7
22.5
30.3
39.5
52.0
12.9
17.7
23.6
31.3
40.3
Hardware
5.0
5.6
7.1
8.5
12.0
-Exports
n.a
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
-Domestic
n.a
5.1
6.5
8.0
11.5
Total IT Industry
(including Hardware)
21.6
28.2
37.4
48.0
64.0
N.A.: Not available
Note: Figures may not add up due to rounding off
Source: NASSCOM
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Software Exports
40,000
31,000
23,000
16,560
12,500
2,650 3,900
1,750
734 1,085
5,500
6,800 8,000
10,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 24- 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Jun
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Employment in Indian IT
sector*,’000
Call-centers (ITES)
Software
Multinational operations
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2000
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'01
'02
'03+
(* Years ending March; + Estimate
@ break-up: NA)
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'04+
'06+
'07+
26
Hyderabad’s & A P’s Surge (1)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Software companies in Hyderabad 1248
Software companies in rest of A P
30
Exports from HYD: Rs. 18,294 Cr
Exports from Visakhapatnam: Rs.245 Cr
Exports from Vijayawada: Rs. 42 Cr
Exports from Tirupati: Rs. 1 Cr
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Hyderabad’s & A P’s Surge (2)
• 2008 Exports: Rs.24,000 cr
• Employees 187,450 (31.3.2007)
–
200,000
Dec 2007
– BPO & Call center companies in HYD 410;
– Employees
72,000
– Revenue
Rs.6,500 cr
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Indian companies becoming MNCs
(TCS & Satyam whose FELLOW I am)
No. of
employees
2006-07
sales in bln
$
No. of
countries
where they
operate and
no. of offices
No. of cities
where they
operate in
India
Founded
when
TCS
(The first
largest
software
company)
One lakh +
4.3 bln $
($5.5 bln)
• More than 50
countries
• more than
175 offices
across the
globe.
17 cities
Over 85
offices
1968
Satyam
Computer
Service
Ltd.
(The fourth
largest
software
company)
42,000 +
1.46 bln $
($$2.0 bln)
60 + ( 25 time
zones)
31
1987
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Foreign Companies Engaging
Indian intellect (1/2)
• Motorola – 1700 employees
• 40% of software in its mobiles developed in
India
• The Internet browser and multi-media
messaging system conceived and developed
for 3G and GSM by Indian engineers working for
foreign companies.
• The software going into US cars is being
developed here in India .
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Foreign Companies Engaging
Indian intellect (2/2)
• GE – Largest R&D center outside USA is in India in Bangalore
with 2300 researchers, double that in Shanghai; A 2nd one in
Hyderabad with 2000 researchers
• GE put in $ 80 mln in the Bangalore R&D facility
• GE’s Bangalore R&D field for 260 patents in the USA (37 already
approved)
• Boeing USA is outsourcing Aircraft design to Russia
( $ 120/
Hr)
• Russians are outsourcing parts of the design to HAL (BG) at $
30/Hr
• Gorbachev went to USA to recommend Moscow as Bangalore’s
rival!
• An Indian retained does the work of 2 or 3 Europeans;
does not take 6 weeks of holidays & costs one-fourth
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Indian Companies Foray Abroad
(1)
•
•
•
•
•
•
VSNL acquired FLAG
Reliance Information acquired TYCO
Tatas acquired Tetley
Mittal acquired Arcelor
Dr Reddys Labs acquired a German Pharma
Ranbaxy, SIFY, SATYAM,
INFOTECH;...qcquired companies in the USA,
EU
• In 1996 Indian companies acquired foreign
companies @ Rs. 90,000 cr.
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Indian Companies Foray Abroad
(2)
• Our companies employ Britons,
Americans, Malaysians, Chinese,
Russians, Hungarians, Swedish....
• We are establishing
Universities/colleges abroad
• NIIT teaches in 52 countries in
French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese
and Arabic
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Economic & Social Impacts
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Economic Impact (1)
• Prices fell by 90% and are still falling
adding to India’s competitiveness
• India’s global (mainly US, Europe,
Australia, Japan) broadband increased
enormously & extended inland to II tier
towns
• Thousands of BPO; KPO; ITeS & e-Media
Businesses are born
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Economic Impact (2)
• Job Opportunities for the hitherto educated
unemployed increased fantabulously –
well paid [10 times the per capita income]
Over 2.0 mln engaged growing 20/25%
p.a.
• Huge demand for University education-[to
go up from < 8% to 15% in 11th plan 20072012
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Economic Impact (3)
• Exports of IT; ITeS; BPO, KPO growing by 30%
p.a.; would go up from $ 40.0 bln in 2007 to $ 60
bln in 2010
• Indian employees of foreign companies (IBM,
GE, EDS, Deloitte, Cap Gemini, CSC,
Accenture...) are tens of thousands
• Indian companies are recruiting foreign talentsGlobal bench-marking of talent to sensitise
Indians to Excellency
• Indian companies are acquiring BPOs in EU;
US; Hungary; Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam...
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Intellectual Impact
•
Intellectual property created by Indian professionals
(R&D) for foreign companies (Huawi, Motorola, Lucent,
QUALCOM, CIT-Alcatel, Ericsson, Nokia
• Indians breaking out to launch their companies –
products (Chip design embedded s/w; GPS/GIS;....)
• Foreign Universities enter India; Domestic companies
became aware of quality
• 175,000 Indian studetns are studying in foreign
Universities (USA, Australia, UK, Singapore, Germany,
Sweden,....)
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Social Impact (1)
•
•
•
•
Islands of highly paid boys and girls
Money (emoluments) as driver/motivator
Individualistic uncaring for family/Relations
De-Indianised, culturally alienated (Indian
only in colour & blood but Americanised.
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Social Impact (2)
• Vulgarity among the young increases
– Cell-phone talk while walking
– Cell phone talk in lifts & while driving
– Cell phone talk in waiting halls of airports, railstations; buses and trains
– Cell phone talk by husband & wife during
morning walk
– Cell phones on in auditoriums, cinema hall,
classroom
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Social Impact (3)
• Virginity no longer a virtue
• Divorces going up [9 times in Delhi; 2 times in Chennai,
Kolkata – 30% of divorce filings by women]
• First Marriage is a “trial Marriage”!
• Children wanted late or not at all
• Children’s nurture not at home but entirely in School
[from age 3 to 18] – literature, history, ethics neglected
• Modesty, thrift, scholarship, fine arts are de-valued
• Rights, rights for everything but no duties
• Self-centeredness (party because of ½ child choice)
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Social Impact (4)
• Wife-Husband tending toward
nominal/notional relationship
• Old parent care crumbling
• High-spending consumerism
• Flats, supermarkets, “International”
Schools (expensive) boom; Health Care,
Insurance, Retail, tourism, Eateries, autos
boom, boom
• Migration of the highly talented going up
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Social Impact (5)
• Idiotisation of the young (and old too) by >
250 TV channels, 24 hrs/day showing
trash
• Igniting the intelligence & Inquisitiveness
of the young-neglected
• Coarseness of behaviour, deportment
• Fraud, fake, violence on the increase
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Social Impact (6)
Net Abuse
(1)
(26.08.2007 Pioneer)
• Social networking sites eg. ORKUT
• Cyber Space coined by William Gibson
in 1984 in his box Neuromancer
• Netizens- Online Community; has
millions of groups
• Social networking sites eg ORKUT. The
top 10 sites had a 47% growth in
Membership in 2006-07
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Social Impact (7)
Net Abuse
(2)
(26.08.2007 Pioneer)
• Cyber crimes are easier than terrestrial
crimes
– Are easy to learn how to commit
– Require few resources relative to potential
damage
– Can be committed in a jurisdiction w/o being
physically present in it
– Are often not clearly illegal
– India has the 3rd largest ORKUT population in the
world [after Brazil & USA]
– In Y2006 Mumbai High Court proceeded against
one social networking site for allowing hate
campaign against India; another against one
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religion etc
45
Social Impact (8)
Net Abuse
(3)
(26.08.2007 Pioneer)
– ORKUT is India’s most visited Portal
– Can find long lost childhood friend (s)
– Evil acts like
• Photo-morphing that led to depressed girls
• A rave party in Pune (indecent)
• Leading to deterioration of morals in society
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Message to the Young
Message to the Young (1)
• IITs, IIMs and some other institutions have
established a global brand for India – Land
of the Talented
• When I was in China, Portugal, Greece I noted
them equating India with IT & software !
• India now recognised as the source of best
economists, financial analysts, mangers,
scientists and engineers.
• Ageing USA “ imports” Indians for brain-work; it
“imports” Mexicans for menial work & so keeps
up to hegemony
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Message to the Young (2)
• Europe does not import Indian S&T and other Profs;
it imports culturally incompatible Muslims for menial
work; so it suffers decline
• USA wants India as an ally; Indian Nurses, Indian
Truck drivers, accountants, lawers..
• BPO, KPO help us move up the value chain. Indian
CEOs for the world top companies.
• Hinduism alone values and promotes cultural an d
religious & radial diversity
• Abrahamic religions are mutually annihilative and
predatory on others
• Intellectuals of the world look to India for all values
(Vedas, Upanishads, Arth
Sastra, Mahaveer &
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Ramayana)
49
Message to the Young (3)
• Our economy is booming inspite of anti-Bharat
government of alienated persons/parties ( 44 of
them in the Prlt.)
• By year 2050 the world order will be China,
India, America, Russia, Brazil
• We have to equip ourselves to be a super power
economically, militarily, intellectually and
spiritually.
• Read what the world’s noblest & wisest think of
us.
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BHARAT MAHAN! (1)
(Intellectuals estimate of India)
India is the only country which never
invaded any foreign country
“India conquered and dominated China culturally for
20 centuries without even having to send a single
soldier across her border”.
- HU SHIH, Former Ambassador of China to USA
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BHARAT MAHAN! (2)
“We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count,
without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could
have been made.”
-ALBERT EINSTEIN
“In the whole world there is no study so beneficial and so
elevating as that of the Upanishads. It has been the solace
of my life; it will be the solace of my death”.
-SCHOPENHAUER
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Bharat Mahan! (3)
• World’s first Universities:
• Takshasila – 800 BC; 10,000 foreign
students, 52 subjects
• Nalanda & Vikrama Sila
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BHARAT MAHAN! (4)
“If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country
most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty
that nature can bestow-in some parts a very paradise on
earth - I should point to India. If I were to asked under what
sky the human mind has most fully developed the choicest
gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of
life, and has found solution of some of them which well
deserve the attention even of those who have studied Plato
and Kant - I should point to India. And if I were to ask myself
from what literature we here in Europe, we who have been
nurtured almost exclusively on the thought of Greeks and
Romans, and of one Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw that
corrective which is most wanted in order to make our inner
life more truly human, a life not for this life only, but a
transfigured and eternal life -- again I should point to India”.
-MAX
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MULLER
BHARAT MAHAN! (5)
“India was the motherland of our race, and
Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s
languages; she was the mother of our
philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of
much of our mathematics; mother, through
the Buddha, of ideals embodied in
Christianity; mother, through the village
community, of self-government and
democracy. Mother India is in many ways
the mother of us all”.
-WILL
DURANT
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BHARAT MAHAN! (1)
“Whenever I have read any part of the
Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and
unknown light illuminated me. In the great
teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of
the sectarianism. It is of ages, climes, and
nationalities and is the royal road for the
attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I
am at it, I feel that I am under the spangled
heavens of a summer night”.
-HENRY DAVID
THOREAU
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BHARAT MAHAN! :
Science & Technology
 Bhaskaracharya (5th century AD) calculated the
time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds
ofyears before the astromer Smart. Time taken by
earth to orbit the sun: 365.258756484 days.
 The art of Navigation was born in the river
Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation
is derived from the Sanskrit words NAV Gatih.
The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’
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BHARAT MAHAN! :
Science & Technology
Baudhayana first calculated the value of pi, and
he explained the concept of what is known as the
Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the
6th century long before the European
mathematicians.
 Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from
India. Sridharacharya propounded quadratic
equations in the 11th century.
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BHARAT MAHAN! :
Science & Technology
The largest numbers the Greeks and the
Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used
numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as
early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period.
Even today, the largest used number is Peta:
1015.
 The place value system, the decimal system
was developed in India in 100 BC.
 India invented the Number System.
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 Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
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BHARAT MAHAN! :
Science & Technology
 Sushruta is the father of surgery, 2600
years ago he and health scientists of his
time conducted complicated surgeries like
cesareans, cataracts, artificial legs,
fractures, urinary stones and even plastic
surgery and brain surgery. Usage of
anesthesia was well known in ancient
India. Over 125 surgical equipment was
used. Deep knowledge of anatomy,
physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion,
metabolism, genetics and immunity is also
found inS375_Feb'08
many texts.
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BHARAT MAHAN! :
Science & Technology
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine
known to humans. Charaka, the father of
medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
Today Yoga and Ayurveda are fast regaining its
rightful place in our civilization.
 The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was
built in Saurashtra. According to Saka King
Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake aptly
called ‘Sudarshana’ was constructed on the hills
of Raivataka during Chandragupta Maurya’s time.
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Socialism: Wise thoughts from
Sri Nani Palkhiwala
• Socialism as practiced in India has been a
fraud: Our brand of socialism did not
result in transfer of wealth from the rich to
the poor but only from the honest rich to
the dishonest rich
• The sleeping sickness of socialism is now
universally acknowledged – but not
officially in India… The public sector
enterprises are the black holes, the money
guzzlers and they have been extracting
and exorbitant price for India’s doctrinaire
socialism.
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Socialism: Wise thoughts from
Sri Nani Palkhiwala
• A law-suit once started in India is the nearest
thing to eternal life ever seen on this earth….
• History will record that the greatest mistake of
the India Republic in the first 50 years of its
existence was to make less investment in human
resources-education, family planning, nutrition
and public health-than in brick and motor dams
and factories.
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Socialism: Wise thoughts from
Sri Nani Palkhiwala
• Over taxation corrupted the national
character overtly. The nation survived only
because the tax system continued to breathe
through loopholes and the economy used to
breath through window of tax evasion.
• We have too much Government and too little
administration; too many laws and too little
justice; too many public servants and too
little public service, too many controls and
too little welfare.
• India has a deficiency of leaders with noble
minds
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam64
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• Ill fares the land where ‘welfare’ is distributed before
wealth is created
• You cannot bring about prosperity by discouraging thrift
• You cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the
strong
• You cannot help the poor by destroying the rich
• You cannot establish sound security on borrowed
money
• You cannot keep out trouble by spending more than
you earn
• You cannot build character and courage
by taking away man’s initiative and Independence
• You cannot help men permanently by doing for them
what they can do for S375_Feb'08
themselves
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-Abraham
Finally
• Be the most accomplished students, all
employable, enlightened, ignited
• Read and know your true history how Bharat
resisted and eventually triumphed over aliens
• Samskrit, Dharma and Bharatiyata and our
samskriti bind us together.
• Religion and language don’t bind as much as
culture does.
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Remember & revere (1)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bharat, the most richly endowed country
Valmini, Vyasa,Kalidasa
The ( un-named) Vedic Seers
Sri Rama, Buddha, Mahavira, Sankara, Nanak
Vidyaranya, Samarth Ramadas
Kautilya (Chanakya),Sri Krishna
Swami Vivekananda, Lokamanya Bala
Gangadhar Tilak, Sardar Patel, Dr. Ambedkar
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Remember & revere (2)
• Bhaskara, Aryabhatta, Baudhayana, Sridhara,
Charaka, Sushruta
• Taksha Sila, Vikrama Sila, Nalanda
• Your Mother, Father, Guru
• Sahanaavavtu, sahanau bhunaktu,
sahaveeryam karavaavahaih , maa
vidvishavahaih
• Realise the truth
“Aham Brahmaasmi
Tat tvam asi”
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Dhanyawad:
Thank You
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