WRITING MULTIPLE
CHOICE EXAM
ITEMS
DOUGLAS A. BERNSTEIN
University of South Florida
Southampton University
www.douglasbernstein.com
douglas.bernstein@worldnet.att.net
SOME MYTHS ABOUT MCQs
USEFUL MAINLY FOR TESTING BASIC,
FACTUAL INFORMATION
NOT USEFUL FOR ASSESSING
LEARNING AT HIGHER COGNITIVE
LEVELS
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY OF
COGNITIVE SKILLS
SOME MYTHS ABOUT MCQs
USEFUL MAINLY FOR TESTING BASIC,
FACTUAL INFORMATION
NOT USEFUL FOR ASSESSING
LEARNING AT HIGHER COGNITIVE
LEVELS
NOT AS GOOD OVERALL AS ESSAY
EXAMS
EASY TO WRITE
NO SPECIAL PRACTICE NEEDED
THE TRUTH ABOUT MCQs
THEY CAN, INDEED, TEST MEMORY OF
FACTUAL INFORMATION
BLOOM’S
LEVEL
Remembering
DEFINITION
Recall or
recognize
information,
ideas, and
principles as
presented.
SAMPLE
VERBS
List,
label,
name
SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
What are
the three
main parts
of _____?;
What are
the steps
involved
in____?
A “REMEMBERING” ITEM
Who wrote War and Peace?
a. Rachmoninov
b. Tolstoy
c. Dostoyevsky
d. Solzhenitsyn
THE TRUTH ABOUT MCQs
THEY CAN, INDEED, TEST MEMORY OF
FACTUAL INFORMATION
THEY CAN ALSO TEST THE ABILITY
TO UNDERSTAND, APPLY, ANALYZE,
AND EVALUATE INFORMATION
MCQs FOR ALL LEVELS
LEVEL
REMEMBERING
UNDERSTANDING
DEFINITION
Recall or
recognize
information, ideas,
and principles as
presented.
Comprehend
or
interpret
information
SAMPLE VERBS
List, label, name
Explain,
summarize
describe,
illustrate
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
What are the
three main parts
of _____; What
are the steps
involved in____?
How is __
related to
__?; What
themes do
you see in
__?
AN “UNDERSTANDING” ITEM
During a sleep study, you notice that your
research participant’s EEG shows brain
activity known as spindles and K-complexes.
The participant is probably in stage ___
sleep.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
MCQs FOR ALL LEVELS
LEVEL
REMEMBERING
UNDERSTANDING
APPLYING
DEFINITION
Recall or recognize
information, ideas, and
principles as presented.
SAMPLE VERBS
List, label, name
SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
What are the
three main parts
of _____?;
What are the
steps involved
in____?
Translate, comprehend, or
interpret information
based on prior learning.
Explain,
summarize,
describe, illustrate
How is __ related
to __?; What
themes do you
see in __?
Select,
transfer, and
use data and
principles to
complete a
problem or
task.
Use,
compute,
solve,
demonstrate
How would
you __ on
the basis
of __
theory?
AN “APPLYING” ITEM
Naomi asked seven randomly selected people
the following question, "On a scale from 0 (not
at all) to 9 (definitely), how strongly do you
believe in ghosts?" Their responses were as
follows: 0, 0, 1, 1, 9, 9, 9. Which measure of
central tendency should Naomi use if she
wants to convince her friends that most
people strongly believe in ghosts?
A. Mode
C. Median
B. Mean
D. Range
LEVEL
DEFINITION
SAMPLE VERBS
REMEMBERING
Recall or recognize
information, ideas,
and principles as
presented.
List, label, name
UNDERSTANDING
Translate,
comprehend, or
interpret information
based on prior
learning.
Explain,
summarize,
describe,
illustrate
APPLYING
Select, transfer, and
use data and
principles to complete
a problem or task.
Use, compute,
solve,
demonstrate
ANALYZING
Distinguish,
classify, and
relate the
assumptions,
hypotheses,
evidence, or
structure of a
statement or
question.
Categorize
compare
contrast
separate
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
What are the
three main parts
of _____; What
are the steps
involved in____?
How is __ related
to __?; What
themes do you see
in __?
How would you __
on the basis of __
theory?
How would you
classify __?;
What
evidence
supports __?
AN “ANALYZING” ITEM
The difference between state and trait anxiety is
that
a. The former refers to general anxiety and the
latter refers to situational anxiety.
b. The former refers to situational anxiety and the
latter refers to general anxiety.
c. The former refers to physiological responses and
the latter refers to questionnaire responses.
d. The former refers to questionnaire responses and
the latter refers to physiological responses.
LEVEL
DEFINITION
REMEMBERING
Recall or recognize
information, ideas, and
principles as presented.
UNDERSTANDING
Translate, comprehend,
or
interpret information
based on prior learning.
APPLYING
Select, transfer, and use
data and principles to
complete a problem or
task.
ANALYZING
Distinguish, classify, and
relate the assumptions,
hypotheses, evidence, or
structure of a statement
or question.
EVALUATING
Appraise,
assess,
based on
standards
and criteria.
SAMPLE VERBS
List, label, name
Explain,
summarize,
describe,
illustrate
Use, compute,
solve,
demonstrate
Categorize,
compare,
contrast,
separate
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
What are the three main
parts of _____; What
are the steps involved
in____?
How is __ related to __?;
What themes do you see
in __?
How would you __ on the
basis of __ theory?
How would you classify
__?; What evidence
supports __?
Judge,
Which approach
recomto __ would
mend
be most
critique,
effective,
justify
and why?
AN “EVALUATING” ITEM
Injuries to belted passengers increase wherever
seat belt laws are passed. Which of the
following serves as a logical counterargument
to repealing these laws?
a. Injuries will fall once people learn to wear
belts correctly.
b. More people are wearing belts when
accidents occur.
c. Though injuries increase, fatalities decrease.
d. Both B and C
THE TRUTH ABOUT MCQs
THEY CAN, INDEED, TEST MEMORY OF
FACTUAL INFORMATION
THEY CAN ALSO TEST THE ABILITY
TO UNDERSTAND, APPLY, ANALYZE,
AND EVALUATE INFORMATION
THEY CAN EVEN TEST CREATIVITY
LEVEL
REMEMBERING
UNDERSTANDING
APPLYING
ANALYZING
EVALUATING
CREATING
DEFINITION
Recall or recognize information,
ideas, and principles as presented.
SAMPLE VERBS
List, label, name
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
What are the three
main parts of _____;
What are the steps
involved in____?
Translate, comprehend, or
interpret information based on
prior learning.
Explain,
summarize,
describe,
illustrate
How is __ related to
__?; What themes do
you see in __?
Select, transfer, and use data
and principles to complete a
problem or task.
Use, compute,
solve,
demonstrate,
apply
Distinguish, classify, and relate
the assumptions,
hypotheses, evidence, or structure
of a statement or question.
Categorize,
compare,
contrast,
separate
How would you classify
__?; What evidence
supports __?
Appraise, assess, based on
standards and criteria.
Judge,
recommend,
critique,
justify
Which approach to __
would be most effective,
and why?
Originate, integrate,
and combine ideas
into a new product,
plan or proposal.
Create,
design,
invent,
develop
Write an
MCQ item at
the ___ level
of Bloom’s
taxonomy.
How would you __ on
the basis of __ theory?
THE TRUTH ABOUT MCQs
THEY CAN, INDEED, TEST MEMORY OF
FACTUAL INFORMATION
THEY CAN ALSO TEST THE ABILITY
TO UNDERSTAND, APPLY, ANALYZE,
AND EVALUATE INFORMATION
THEY CAN EVEN TEST CREATIVITY
THEY CAN BE AS GOOD AS ESSAYS
GOOD ONES ARE NOT EASY TO WRITE
Two researchers tested the hypothesis that college
students’ grades and stress are related. One
researcher operationally defined stress as the
number of minutes spent arguing with others. The
other researcher defined stress as the amount of
tension at any point in time measured on a 10-point
scale. Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Because their hypotheses are identical, the two
researchers should have similar results.
b. The only valid definition is the number of
minutes spent arguing with others because it is
the only objective measure.
c. The difference in operational definitions of
stress could lead to quite different results.
THE TRUTH ABOUT MCQs
THEY CAN, INDEED, TEST MEMORY OF
FACTUAL INFORMATION
THEY CAN ALSO TEST THE ABILITY
TO UNDERSTAND, APPLY, ANALYZE,
AND EVALUATE INFORMATION
THEY CAN EVEN TEST CREATIVITY
THEY CAN BE AS GOOD AS ESSAYS
GOOD ONES ARE NOT EASY TO WRITE
USEFUL GUIDELINES ARE AVAILABLE
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD MCQ TESTS
CONTAIN AT LEAST 60 ITEMS (FOR
MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAMS)
CAREFULLY PLANNED
Fritz's computer screeches like a monkey
every time he gets new e-mail. One day, Fritz
is watching "Three Monkeys and a Banana" on
HBO, but when a monkey screeches on the
show, Fritz does not go to check his e-mail
because he realizes the sound is coming from
the TV set, not his computer. In other words,
Fritz has made a
A. hit.
C. false alarm.
B. miss.
D. correct rejection.
A TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
COGNITIVE LEVEL
CONTENT
REMEMBERING UNDERSTANDING APPLYING
Classical Conditioning
1
Shaping
1
1
1
Reinforcement
1
Observational Learning
1
Latent Learning
Cognitive Processes
in Learning
2
1
1
1
1
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD MCQ TESTS
CONTAIN AT LEAST 60 ITEMS (FOR
MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAMS)
CAREFULLY PLANNED
WRITTEN CAREFULLY
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
SUBSTANTIAL, MEANINGFUL STEMS
NOT SO GOOD
William James
a. pioneered the functionalist school in
psychology
b. developed introspection to measure
consciousness.
c. was concerned with perceptual
principles.
d. was the founder of the behaviorist
approach.
BETTER
William James is best known for founding
the _______ approach to psychology.
a. functionalist
b. structuralist
c. behaviorist
d. evolutionary
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
SUBSTANTIAL, MEANINGFUL STEMS
RELEVANT INFORMATION
NOT SO GOOD
Shanelle and Audre were each graduating from high
school. During their commencement speeches,
Shanelle spoke about how excited she was to be going
to Harvard because she had worked so hard to reach
her goals and was looking forward to moving far away
to "spread her wings." Audre said she could not have
"made it" without her family's and friends' support
and was delighted to be able to attend a nearby
university so she can stay close to home. According to
your text, Shanelle is most likely _________ and
Audre is most likely __________.
A. from a collectivist culture; from an individualist
culture
B. from an individualist culture; from a collectivist
culture
C. resolving the identity crisis; resolving the intimacy
crisis
D. resolving the intimacy crisis; resolving the identity
crisis
BETTER
Shanelle is excited to go to a faraway university so
that she can “spread her wings" and “be herself.”
Audre is happy to study at a local university where
she can be sure of having the support of her family
and friends. According to your text, Shanelle is most
likely ___________ and Audre is most likely
_____________.
A. from a collectivist culture; from an individualist
culture
B. from an individualist culture; from a collectivist
culture
C. resolving the identity crisis; resolving the intimacy
crisis
D. resolving the intimacy crisis; resolving the identity
crisis
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
SUBSTANTIAL, MEANINGFUL STEMS
RELEVANT INFORMATION
MINIMAL USE OF NEGATIVES
NOT SO GOOD
Tyler is two days old, healthy and wide awake
at the moment. Tyler is unlikely to
A. be able to support his weight by
hanging with his hands from your fingers.
B. pay particular attention to moving faces
with high contrast.
C. hear the difference between musical
notes on a scale.
D. turn away and cry when spoken to in an
expressive manner.
BETTER
Tyler is two days old. He is likely to do all of
the following EXCEPT
A. be able to hang from your finger by one
hand.
B. pay particular attention to human faces.
C. hear the difference between musical
notes on a scale.
D. turn away and cry when spoken to in an
expressive manner.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
SUBSTANTIAL, MEANINGFUL STEMS
RELEVANT INFORMATION
MINIMAL USE OF NEGATIVES
GRAMMATICALLY CONSISTENT
NOT SO GOOD
The neurotransmitters associated with
schizophrenia and depression are
A. GABA
B. Glutamate
C. Dopamine and serotonin
D. Norepinephrine
BETTER
The neurotransmitters associated with
schizophrenia and depression are
A. GABA and glutamate
B. Dopamine and GABA
C. Dopamine and serotonin
D. Serotonin and norepinephrine
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
SUBSTANTIAL, MEANINGFUL STEMS
RELEVANT INFORMATION
MINIMAL USE OF NEGATIVES
GRAMMATICALLY CONSISTENT
BALANCED CORRECT OPTIONS
ONLY ONE CORRECT OPTION
NOT SO GOOD
Azenett was interested in the relationship
between temperature and domestic violence.
She found a positive correlation between daily
high temperatures and number of calls to a
domestic violence hotline over a one year
period. Which of the following correlation
coefficients best describes the relationship
between temperature and crisis line calls?
A. -0.78
C. +0.83
B. 0.00
D. +1.00
BETTER
Azenett found a positive correlation
between daily high temperatures and
number of calls to a domestic violence
hotline over a one year period. Which of
the following correlation coefficients
best describes the relationship between
temperature and crisis line calls?
A. -0.78
C. +0.83
B. 0.00
D. -1.00
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
SUBSTANTIAL, MEANINGFUL STEMS
RELEVANT INFORMATION
MINIMAL USE OF NEGATIVES
GRAMMATICALLY CONSISTENT
BALANCED CORRECT OPTIONS
ONLY ONE CORRECT OPTION
EQUALLY PLAUSIBLE OPTIONS
NOT SO GOOD
The founder of Gestalt therapy was
A. Karen Horney
B. Fritz Perls
C. Osama Bin Laden
D. George Kelly
BETTER
The founder of Gestalt therapy was
A. Karen Horney
B. Fritz Perls
C. Carl Rogers
D. George Kelly
NOT SO GOOD
Avoiding shock by pressing a button
when a warning tone sounds is an
example of
A. escape conditioning
B. avoidance conditioning
C. delayed conditioning
D. backward conditioning
BETTER
In a laboratory experiment, Peter
learned that if he pushed a button at
the sound of a warning tone, he would
not be shocked. This learning is an
example of _______ conditioning.
A. escape
B. delayed
C. backward
D. avoidance
NOT SO GOOD
The phenomenon of looming occurs
A. when light is poorly focused.
B. at the blind spot.
C. when the visual image of an
approaching object expands about
equally in all directions on the retina
until it fills the visual field.
D. only at night.
BETTER
The phenomenon of looming occurs
A. when light is poorly focused on the retina,
preventing transmission of a clear image to the brain.
B. at the blind spot, where axons from ganglion cells
exit the eyeball and eventually reach the lateral
geniculate nucleus in the thalamus.
C. when the visual image of an approaching object
expands about equally in all directions on the retina
until it fills the visual field.
D. only at night, because looming depends on the
activity of photoreceptors called rods, which are
activated even in very low light conditions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
SUBSTANTIAL, MEANINGFUL STEMS
RELEVANT INFORMATION
MINIMAL USE OF NEGATIVES
GRAMMATICALLY CONSISTENT
BALANCED CORRECT OPTIONS
ONLY ONE CORRECT OPTION
EQUALLY PLAUSIBLE OPTIONS
CLEARLY WORDED
NOT SO GOOD
Susan is applying to graduate school in
psychology. She has always been
interested in the influences of
advertising on consumer behavior. What
department of psychology would be the
best fit with Susan's interests?
A. Educational
C. Social
B. Clinical
D. Industrial
BETTER
Susan is applying to graduate school in
psychology. She has always been interested
in the influences of advertising on consumer
behavior. Which of the following psychology
graduate programs would most likely provide
courses and research opportunities that best
fit with Susan's interests?
A. Educational
C. Social
B. Clinical
D. Developmental
LET’S WORK ON
SOME ITEMS
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Use the phylogenetic tree to order the domains from youngest to oldest.
Eukaria
Bacteria
Archaea
Origin of life
a. Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
b. Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
*c. Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
d. Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
e. They are all the same age
Can You Improve This Item?
Noam Chomsky is
*a. professor at Harvard
University
b. professor at WWU
c. an economics expert
d. professor at MIT
Can You Improve This Item?
According to the socioemotional theory of friendship
change in later life,
a. elderly people want larger and more diverse
friendship networks but are unable to have them due
to reduced mobility and inhibiting health problems
b. elderly people experience important developmental
changes that reduce their motivation to have
friendships and cause them to withdraw into their
own world
*c. elderly people are more “present-oriented” rather
than “future-oriented” and as a result are less
interested in large diverse networks of friends
d. none of the above
Can You Improve This Item?
Which of the following is NOT true about how
friendships change during midlife?
a. As romantic relationships develop, individuals tend to
withdraw from their friendship networks
b. Women’s friendships are more significantly affected
than are men’s friendships by the development of a
romantic relationship.
*c. Friendship networks get broader (more friends) and
more intense (more intimacy) after marriage
d. After children leave home, their parents’ friendship
networks tend to increase
It’s Time to Write Some
Great Items!
REMINDER ABOUT MCQ LEVELS
LEVEL
REMEMBERING
UNDERSTANDING
APPLYING
DEFINITION
Recall or
recognize
information,
ideas, and
principles as
presented.
Translate,
comprehend,
or
interpret
information
based on prior
learning.
Use data and
principles to
complete a
problem or
task.
SAMPLE VERBS
List, label,
name
Explain,
summarize,
describe,
illustrate
Use, compute,
solve, demonstrate
SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
What are
the three
main parts of
_____?;
What are the
steps involved
in____?
How is __
related to
__?; What
themes do
you see in
__?
How would you
__ on the
basis of __
theory?
SOME TIPS FOR REVIEWING
MC EXAMS
CREATE A LIST OF THE “TOP TEN”
MISSED ITEMS
REVIEW THOSE ITEMS FIRST
DON’T ARGUE
DISTRIBUTE ITEM-REVIEW FORMS
REQUEST TO REVIEW
GRADING OF AN EXAM ITEM
Name:__________________Student ID#:________
Test form (A or B): ______Item #:______
I believe that response alternative ___ should also
be considered correct because:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
_________________________________________
I found supporting evidence on page ____ in the
textbook.
SOME TIPS FOR REVIEWING
MC EXAMS
CREATE A LIST OF THE “TOP TEN”
MISSED ITEMS
REVIEW THOSE ITEMS FIRST
DON’T ARGUE
DISTRIBUTE ITEM-REVIEW FORMS
PROVIDE FEEDBACK AT NEXT CLASS
WRITING MULTIPLE
CHOICE EXAM
ITEMS
DOUGLAS A. BERNSTEIN
University of South Florida
Southampton University
www.douglasbernstein.com
douglas.bernstein@worldnet.att.net
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Jack Chang believes that his success in math is
based upon hard work, but he believes his
difficulties in history are based upon an unfair
professor. Jack is likely from a(n) ______
culture.
A. collective
C. competitive
B. altruistic
D. individualist
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
It is easier to notice the difference in loudness
between a two-piece and a three-piece string
ensemble than between a 110-piece and a
120-piece orchestra. This is predicted by
A. the noise constant.
B. schema theory.
C. perceptual constancy theory.
D. Fechner's law.
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
The witness claimed the robber had a gun,
although later examination of the surveillance
video showed that this was not true. The
witness’s perception of the event was likely
influenced by
A. grouping principles.
B. bottom-up processing.
C. the simplicity principle.
D. schemas.
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
The Theory of Planned Behavior
proposes that intentions are a result of
the following belief(s)
a. attitude and subjective norm
b. perceived behavioral control
c. a and b
d. none of the above
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Factor analysis
a. it is not designed to test hypotheses
b. it is included in the SPSS package
c. summarizes large sets of variables
into smaller sets of factors
d. all of the above
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
In post traumatic stress disorder and according to the
DSM IV, trauma is defined as:
a. The level of damage to the individual after going
through an intervention of any kind.
b. An event or situation of overwhelming emotional
intensity where the person feels or witnesses
actual threat of death or serious injury.
c. A natural catastrophe that does not affect the great
majority of people but only some individuals to
the extent of developing PTSD.
d. None of the above.
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Which of these is NOT a sign of
damage to descending motor
pathways?
a. Increased muscle tone
b. Loss of ability to perform fine
movements
c. Babinski reflex
d. None of the above
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Which is a skin pigment:
a. Melanin
b. Carotene
c. Haemoglobin
d. All of the above
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
In social sciences, who is NOT a
representative of the constructivist
movement:
a. Thomas Luckman
b. Abraham Maslow
c. Jean Piaget
d. Gregory Bateson
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
On which part of a neuron can the
nodes of Ranvier be found?
a. The dendritic spines
b. The soma
c. The axon
d. The nucleus
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
A researcher looking at an EEG of a participant who
participated in a study looking at brain activity during
sleep found that the prominent characteristics of the
EEG were spindles and K-complexes. What stage of
sleep is the EEG representative of ?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
The reticular formation has been found
to play a part in arousal. Within what
division of the brain can the reticular
formation be found?
a. Mesencephalon
b. Metencephalon
c. Myelencephalon
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
In an experiment, the dependent
variable is the
a. causal variable
b. affected variable
c. experimental variable
d. first variable mentioned in the title
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
A test is reliable if it _____.
a. provides accurate information
b. provides adequate information
c. produces similar scores on retests
d. measures what it was designed to
measure
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Which of the following would a person
with prosopagnosia have difficulty
with?
a. recognizing a person’s face
b. recognizing a person's voice
c. finding a location on a map
d. recognizing objects on the left-half
of their visual field
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Who wrote the ‘cognitive-motivational
analysis of anxiety’?
a. Mogg & Bradley
b. Ohman & Mineke
c. Matthews & Macleod
d. Fox & De Fockert
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
What is the difference between state and trait
anxiety?
a. The former refers to general anxiety and the
latter refers to situational anxiety
b. The former refers to situational anxiety and
the latter refers to general anxiety
c. The former refers to anxiety measured via
physiological stress responses and the latter
refers to anxiety measured via a questionnaire.
d. The former refers to anxiety measured via a
questionnaire and the latter refers to anxiety
measured via physiological stress responses.
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
What are the three main components of
attention as postulated by Posner and
Petersen?
a. Fixating, Tracking, & Scanning
b. Orienting, Tracking, & Scanning
c. Orienting, Shifting, & Disengaging
d. Tracking, Shifting, & Disengaging
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Which of the following statements regarding the theories of
learning is true
a. Pavlov is responsible for the theory of
classical conditioning
b. In classical conditioning, an unconditioned
stimulus is one that has not yet been paired with
a response
c. The amygdala is involved in learning
d. The capacity of short term memory can be
extended by chunking
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Which of the following statements about attachment are
true
a. Bowlby is significant in the development of
attachment theory
b. Rhesus monkeys given a choice between a
wire surrogate mother providing milk preferred
her to a toweling covered mother that did not
provide milk
c. According to Ainsworth there are 4 main
types of attachment
d. The first reaction to separation from an
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Recent neuroimaging studies show that
amygdala hyper-responsivity and
prefrontal hyporesponsivity could be
characteristic of:
a. Anxiety
b. Depression
c. Schizophrenia
d. Anorexia Nervosa
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
According to Rothbart, Ellis & Posner
(2004), temperament can be seen as
part of the broader domain of:
a. Personality
b. Aggression
c. Negative Affect
d. Character
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Cognitive tasks examining executive
control have been shown to activate
areas of the:
a. Anterior Cingulate
b. Broca's area
c. Hippocampus
d. Occipital lobe
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
According to the HAPA, the motivation
stage is made up of the following
component(s)
a. self-efficacy
b. outcome expectancies
c. none of the above
d. a and b
CAN YOU IMPROVE THIS ITEM?
Which of these statements regarding ADHD are
true
a. ADHD as a disorder is more common in
males
b. ADHD is not hereditary
c. According to the ICD10, Impulsivity is
not one of the cardinal features of ADHD
d. According to the ICD10, there are three
main types of ADHD