Function
Cells
Cellular
Organelles
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Cell Function
Cell work together to perform basic life processes that keep organisms alive.
Getting rid of body wastes.
Making new cells for growth and repair.
Releasing energy from food.
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A cell is a basic unit of structure and function of
life. Cells make up living things and carry out
activities that keep a living thing alive.
Your body is made up of specialized cells which
carry out the processes needed for life
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Genetic material
◦ Contains the material for life
(DNA)
Cytoplasm fills cell interior – Liquid
◦ Contains organelles sugars,
amino acids
Plasma (cell) membrane encloses
the cell – It is like the cells skin
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Cytoplasm  Not an organelle, suspends the
organelles
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Golgi Bodies
Vacuoles
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Gel-like substance which holds all the cell
components together
Made mostly of water
Place where many chemical reactions occur
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The flexible double-layered “skin” of the cell
Just like our skin holds us together, the cell
membrane holds the cell and its components
together
It also allows the movement of substances into
and out of the cell
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Controls the cell – akin to our brains controlling us
Holds the genetic material (DNA) which is stored
on Chromosomes
Directs activities of the cell
Usually one per cell, some cells have several
(muscle) while other have none (Red Blood Cell)
Spherical in shape
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DNA of eukaryotes is divided into
linear chromosomes.
◦ Contains all the information needed for
life (genes)
◦ We have 23 pairs = 46 Total, half from
mom and half from dad
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"Powerhouse of the cell" – Uses Glucose to provide cells
with energy (Cellular Respiration)
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
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Cells that use a lot of energy have more
Structure - outer and inner membranes
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◦ Network of transportation tubes which transport
cellular substances around the cell (akin to a subway
network transporting people from place to place)
◦ Location where some proteins are made
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◦ Collect and process materials to be
removed from the cell
◦ Create and secrete mucus which is used
as lining for the intestine and stomach
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Large vacuoles are found in plants while
animals have small vacuoles
Contain unwanted substances for removal
Maintaining internal pressures (Plant)
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Chloroplasts
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Central vacuole
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Cell wall
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•Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than mitochondria
•Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour
and also allows them to absorb light to be used to create
sugar in the process of photosynthesis
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Performed in the Chloroplasts of plant cells
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen
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All energy starts with plants?
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Plants make energy through photosynthesis?
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Sugar is energy?
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Within plant cells,
photosynthesis takes place to
produce glucose (sugar)
The sugar is then used within
the mitochondria (cellular
respiration) of both plants and
animals
How do the animals obtain the
glucose?
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Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen
Photosynthesis
It’s a Cycle!!
The products of photosynthesis
are the reactants of cellular respiration
The products of cellular respiration are
Are the reactants of photosynthesis
YOU CAN’T HAVE ONE WITHOUT
THE OTHER!!
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All energy starts with plants?
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Plants make energy through photosynthesis?
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Sugar is energy?
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Plant cells usually have one large vacuole
Maintains the cells pressure  keeps the
plants stems and leaves firm
Can be used for storage of wastes to be
removed
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Found just outside the cell membrane in plant
cells
Hard structure made of cellulose (a kind of
sugar)
Provide support and protection
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Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation
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