Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
This guide is divided into four sections.
Section 1: General Language Notes
Section 3: Grammar Notes
Section 2: Notes by Part of Speech
Section 4: Practice Sentences
General Language Notes:
Latin is a highly ___________ language – words change depending upon their use in a sentence.
Pronunciation of Latin letters does not vary from word to word.
Three key consonants to remember are ____ and ____ and ____.
Vowels may be long or short. Long vowels are marked with _______________. When two
vowels make one sound, the sound is called a _______________.
Language Notes: There are ____ parts of speech. Students should, however, note that
pronouns and adjectives were given the most attention this year.
1. INTERJECTIONS – an exclamation that has no grammatical impact on surrounding
sentences or phrases. your Latin teacher can only ask two things about an interjection:
what does it mean and what part of speech it is.
Darn! Latin is almost over. Alas, I will miss Latin. Hurray! I will be in Latin III soon.
Give the English for the Latin Interjections below.
eheū:__________
ecce:__________ euge:__________ heus:__________
2. NOUNS – person, place, thing, or idea
Nouns have three qualities: ______________, ______________, and ______________.
Nouns in Latin are grouped into five families or ___________________.
Nouns are declined into various cases, because Latin is inflected.
Hint: Your teacher might ask about a noun’s number, gender, or case.
You might also be asked about the reason that a noun is in a case –
that will be discussed in Part III.

List the six cases in order here:
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
When you learn a Latin noun, you learn four things: nominative, genitive, gender, definition.
aula, aulae f palace
puer, puerī m boy
ordō, ordinis m row
equus, equī m horse
saxum, saxī n rock
mare, maris n sea
manus, manūs f hand
effigiēs, effigiēī f statue
To decline a noun, you must know its declension number and stem.
To determine a noun’s declension number, look at the _______________.
To determine a noun’s stem, look at the _______________.
If the genitive ends in ____, it is a 1st declension noun. Remove the ending to find the stem.
If the genitive ends in ____, it is a 2nd declension noun. Remove the ending to find the stem.
If the genitive ends in____, it is a 3rd declension noun. Remove the ending to find the stem.
If the genitive ends in ____, it is a 4th declension noun. Remove the ending to find the stem.
If the genitive ends in____, it is a 5th declension noun. Remove the ending to find the stem.
You MUST learn the gender of each noun. You will not understand noun-adjective
agreement unless you do so.
Here’s a handy* trick:
Hold up your hand.
Wiggle your thumb and pinky. Feminine nouns with a few masculine.
Wiggle your pointer and ring fingers. Masculine and neuter nouns.
Carefully wiggle your middle finger. Masculine, feminine and neuter nouns.
*Handy – get it???
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
Decline the following nouns.
1st
declension
2nd declension
masculine
Nom
2nd declension 3rd
neuter
declension
m/f
*
3rd declension
neuter
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Voc1
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Voc
1
Did you forget how to form the vocative?




Vocative Rule One: The vocative plural is ALWAYS the same as the _______________ _______________.
No matter what declension or gender.
Vocative Rule Two: The vocative singular is USUALLY the same as the _______________
_______________.
Vocative Rule Two Exception A: 2nd declensions that end in –us, change to _____.
Vocative Rule Two Exception B: 2nd declensions that end in –ius, change to _____.
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
What is the rule of the neuter? ________________________________________________
4th declension
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
5th declension
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
3. PRONOUNS – take the place of a noun
Whenever you learn a new pronoun, you learn 30 forms! Each pronoun has a masculine,
feminine, and neuter form in each case. You did a lot of work this year just learning pronouns!
Use the word bank to help you the type of pronoun, and be certain that you can decline each
pronoun in the word bank.
tū/vōs
is, ea, id
hic, haec, hoc
ego/nōs
ille, illa, illud
Demonstrative pronouns:
__________________________________
Personal pronouns:
__________________________________
Relative pronoun:
__________________________________
4. ADJECTIVES – modify nouns
Adjectives, like nouns, have three qualities: _____________, _____________, and
_____________.
Adjectives are that friend who ALWAYS agrees with you. Do you want ketchup on your Chinese
food? So does the adjective modifying you. Do you want to jump off a cliff? So does the
adjective modifying you.

An adjective will ALWAYS agree with the noun that it modifies in what ways?
We have seen two types of adjectives.


First / Second declension adjectives like miser, -a, -um. These are the easiest, because
they decline like 1st and 2nd declension nouns.
Third declension adjectives like fortis, forte or ingens. All third declension adjectives are
i-stems!
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
You will practice
noun-adjective
agreement in Part III.
Adjectives have degrees.

To form the comparative adjective, add ___________ to the base of the positive for the
masculine/feminine form.
 To form the superlative, add ___________ to the base of the positive.
o If an adjective ends in –er, form the superlative by adding ___________ to the
nominative.
5. PREPOSITIONS – shows relationships (in time or space) between a noun (or pronoun)
and another part of the sentence.
There are about 50 Latin prepositions, but stop worrying. First, English has 150 prepositions
– so suddenly Latin just got a whole lot easier! Second, you only need to know about a
dozen Latin prepositions. Give the English for the prepositions below.
a/ab __________
dē __________
inter __________
prope _________
ad __________
ē/ex __________
per __________
sine __________
apud __________
in __________
post __________
cum__________
in __________
pro __________
There is an added twist to prepositions – the object of the preposition (OOP). This will be
discussed more in Part III.
Ablative prepositions: Is it a Sid P Space preposition? Is it part of the ablative cheer? Then it is
followed by an ablative!
cum, ex, ē
IN may be followed by the accusative
or the ablative. Don’t forget that it
means different things with each
case.
sine, pro, prae
in villā - _______________
Take the ablatae!
in villam - _______________
Ablative Cheer
Sine
In
Dē
Pro
Sub
Prae
A/ab
Cum
Ē/ex
a, ab, dē,
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
6. CONJUNCTIONS – a word that joins or connects other words, phrases, or clauses
et _____________
quamquam ____________
sed _____________
postquam _____________
quod_____________
sicut _____________
7. ADVERBS – modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Cerberus quite loudly barked at the very sleepy cook. (loudly modifies the verb; quite modifies
the adverb; very modifies the adjective)
quam + superlative adverb = as ____ as possible
parvus canis quam ferocissimē latrat.

These words were learned as vocabulary. Make sure you know all of these adverbs!
cotidiē
iam
num?
saepe
tandem
cūr
igitur
semper
tum
deinde
ita
numqua
m
simulac
ubi
diū
ita vērō
valde
etiam
iterum
paulisper
simulatq
ue
heri
mox
postrīdiē
statim
hodiē
nōn
quam
subitō
hūc
nonne?
quoque
tamen
nunc
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
8. VERBS
Translate the following verbs.
amat:
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
amābat:
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
amāvit:
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
amāverat:

______________________________
Learn the imperative!
You already know two examples!
The imperative is a fancy word for a __________________.
carpe diem! cavē canem!
To form the imperative, use the __________ principal part.
1st conjugation
curāre
2nd conjugation
deridēre
3rd conjugation
frangere
Singular
Plural
The negative imperative consists of two words:
___________/___________ + ______ principal part
8
3rd iō
recipere
4th conjugation
consentīre
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
Part III
Latin is a highly inflected language. Nouns (and adjectives and pronouns) change cases to show
their grammatical use or function. Here are the grammatical reasons for each case.
Names of cases
nominative
____________________
Reason(s) for Case
subject
____________________
predicate nominative/adj – (Linking Verb NEEDED)
____________________
genitive
____________________
dative
____________________
possession
____________________
Indirect object
____________________
Object of special verb (OSV)
____________________
accusative
____________________
Direct object
____________________
Object of certain prepositions (OOP)
____________________
____________________
ablative
____________________
vocative
____________________
Object of SIDSPACE prepositions
___________________
(OOP)
Direct address
____________________
9
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015

A questionable topic?
But I have a question!
In English, we know that someone is asking a question, because word order is changed.
Sentence: The mother scolds her son.
Question: __________________________________________________
In Latin, word order stays the same, but ______ is added to the first word of the sentence
to make a yes or no question.
Sentence: māter fīlium vituperat.
Question: __________________________________________________
Latin (and English) can also ask ‘loaded’ questions.
**Surely, you did your homework last night, didn’t you?
**That’s not gum in your mouth, is it?
Give the expected answer (in Latin) to the following questions.
nōnne māter fīlium vituperat? __________________________________________________
num māter fīlium vituperat? __________________________________________________

Noun/Adjective agreement
Give the correct form of laetus,a,um and crudelis, crudele to describe the underlined noun.
Happy
Cruel
1. ancilla fēlēm sacerdotum _____ nōn amat.
________________
________________
2. cīvēs _____ leōnēs spectant.
________________
________________
3. Grumiō ancillae _____ basium dedit.
________________
________________
10
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
4. mercator cum feminā _____ ambulāvit.
________________
________________
5. Quīntus _____ erat.
________________
________________
6. Quīntus operīs _____ pecuniam dedit.
________________
________________
7. Quīntus vinum _____ bibit.
________________
________________
8. Salvius ancillās _____ vituperāvit.
________________
________________
9. Salvius servo _____ cibum non dedit.
________________
________________
10. servus ē vīllā Salviī _____ effugit.
________________
________________
Practice Sentences
The final section contains English to Latin translation. This is the best way to make sure that you
truly know the grammar. Don’t be surprised if you make some mistakes – English to Latin
translation is difficult. The trick is to engage your brain in the process. Don’t treat this as a
vocabulary exercise – it is a grammar exercise. The answers are online. If you have difficulty
accessing the Internet at home, your teacher will ensure that you have the time to check your
work at school.
Section I
1. We wanted to inspect the fields and slaves.
2. It is easy for the ships to sail across the sea.
3. Are you (singular) able to save the king?
http://safeshare.tv/w/RCAPGpHiII
Section II
1.
2.
3.
4.
The sons of chieftains were approaching the priest of the goddess.
I am in charge of everything.
It is not proper for a slave to block a freedman.
No one pleases Salvius.
http://safeshare.tv/w/gmXuCUZdwu
11
Latin II Final Exam Study Guide 2014-2015
Section III
1.
2.
3.
4.
The flowers, which the queen gave Quintus, were very beautiful.
The craftsmen of the king, who killed the slave, had built the temples.
The waves, in which Plotina died, submerged the ship of the sailor.
The wagon, which the horse drags, carries wounded soldiers.
http://safeshare.tv/w/KYTSJmVkvC
Section IV
1. It is better for you to flee.
2. The smallest lion is more fierce than the angriest man.
3. The most wretched husband gave money to his rather tired wife.
http://safeshare.tv/w/nGAwcFiDAh
Section V
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Those young men hurry to the city. It is large.
Yesterday, that crowd filled these streets.
This doctor grabbed that sponge. He placed it in the wound.
The foolish man spoke to himself.
The god himself spoke these words to me.
http://safeshare.tv/w/tYvLTBJYmh
Section VI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The citizen bringing the crocodile was my best friend.
We saw the dog taking food out of the kitchen.
You (pl) gave nothing to the woman seeking justice.
The old man saw his mother sitting in the atrium.
We were able to hear the voices of the shouting sailors.
http://safeshare.tv/w/QrcXegzgtl
12