OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE:
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Robert David Steele
President, OSS Inc.
<bear@oss.net>
1
PRESENTATION PLAN
I
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Overview of
Open Sources,
Software, and
Services
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DEFINITIONS
• DATA: raw report, image or broadcast
• INFORMATION: collated data of generic
interest and usually widely disseminated
• INTELLIGENCE: concisely tailored
answer reflecting a deliberate process of
discovery, discrimination, distillation, and
delivery of data precisely suited to need
3
TIMELINE
NEXT SEVEN YEARS: A Very Hard Road
LAST SEVEN YEARS:
OPEN SOURCE SOLUTIONS Inc. (4000 trained)
Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals (6000
members) Community Open Source Program Office (USA)
Eighteen governments doing one thing or another
WWII AND COLD WAR:
Special Librarians Association (14,000 members)
External Research & Analysis Funds
Lloyd’s and Jane’s
BBC & FBIS
Churchill adept at correspondence
LONG AGO: “Legal travelers”
4
OSINT AND THE IC
“The Intelligence Community has to get used
to the fact that it no longer controls most of the
information.”
The Honorable Richard Kerr
Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (USA)
5
OSINT DEFINED
• From Open World
– Open sources
– Open software
– Open services
• From Closed World
–
–
–
–
–
Requirements analysis
Collection Management
Source Validation
Source Fusion
Compelling Presentation
6
WHAT OSINT IS NOT I
“…nothing more than a collection
of news clippings”.
“…the Internet.”
“…a substitute for spies and
satellites.”
7
WHAT’S MISSING?
SIGINT:
Dedicated collectors,
processors, exploiters
IMINT:
Dedicated collectors,
processors, exploiters
HUMINT:
ALL-SOURCE
ANALYST
Dedicated collectors,
processors, exploiters
MASINT:
Dedicated collectors,
processors, exploiters
OSINT: ???
8
THE ALL-SOURCE SOLUTION
Broadcast Monitoring
Subject-Matter
Experts
Commercial
Geospacial
OSINT
HUMINT
SIGINT
IMINT
MASINT
Classified Collection
Targeting
Support
9
All-Source Analysis Answers
NEW INTELLIGENCE GAP
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Available
Information
Actionable
Intelligence
GAP
BETWEEN
WHAT YOU
CAN KNOW
AND WHAT
YOU CAN
USE
TIME
10
INFORMATION ARCHIPELAGO
Business Information
Information Brokers &
Private Investigators
Intelligence
Mass & Niche
Media
Schools & Universities
Defense
Government
11
MORE COMPLEX THREAT
PHYSICAL
STEALTH,
HIGH TECH
PRECISION
BRUTES
TARGETING
(MIC / HIC)
ECONOMIC
WAR
HIGH TECH
CYBER STEALTH,
DATABASE
TARGETING
GUERRILLA
WAR
MONEY--RUTHLESSNESS
POWER BASE
KNOWLEDGE--IDEOLOGY
SEERS
(C3I WAR)
CULTURAL
WAR
NATURAL
LOW TECH
STEALTH,
BRUTES
RANDOM
(LIC)
TARGETING
TERRORISM
LOW TECH
SEERS
IDEO -
(JIHAD)
STEALTH,
MASS
TARGETING
12
FAILING OVERALL
A-/B+
OBVIOUS
MILITARY
WE DO WELL
ENOUGH
CRIME AND
TERROR WE
DO BADLY
C-/D+
SIQ
CIVILIAN
CYBERSPACE
WE HAVE
DECADES TO
GO
IDEOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENT
WE DON’T DO
AT ALL
D-/F+
13
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
STRATEGIC
Integrated
Application
Military Sustainability
Geographic Location
Civil Allies
OPERATIONAL
Selection of
Time and Place
Military Availability
Geographic Resources
TACTICAL
Application of
Finite Resources
Military Reliability
Geographic Terrain
TECHNICAL
Isolated
Capabilities
Civil Stability
Civil Psychology
Military Lethality
Geographic Atmosphere
Civil Infrastructure
Over time and space
Channels & Borders
Of strategic value
Quantities & Distribution
Internally available for use
Volatility of sectors
Training & Maintenance
Mobility implications
Cohesion & Effectiveness
Military Systems One by One
Climate Manipulation
Civil Power, Transport,
Communications,
14
& Finance
FAILING IN DETAIL
F-
STRATEGIC:
What to Build
D-
OPERATIONAL:
When to Fight
C-
TACTICAL:
What to Use
B-
TECHNICAL:
How to Use It
Military Sustainability
Geographic Location
Civil Allies
Military Availability
Geographic Resources
Civil Stability
Military Reliability
Geographic Terrain
Civil Psychology
Military Lethality
Geographic Atmosphere
Civil Infrastructure
15
MIXED REPORTS
• Allen Dulles (DCI): 80%
• Gordon Oehler (D/NPC): 80%
• Ward Elcock (DG/CSIS): 80%
• Joe Markowitz (D/COSPO): 40%
16
COSTS OF SECRECY
• CLIENT ACCESS: too much, too late, too
secret--doesn’t get due attention
• TRANSACTION COSTS: 10-100X OSINT
• OPPORTUNITY COSTS: classification of
system deficiencies gives original
contractors a lifetime system monopoly
• FUNCTIONAL COSTS: noninteroperability, operational disconnects
17
PURPOSES OF SECRECY
“Everybody who’s a real practitioner, and I’m sure
you’re not all naïve in this regard, realizes that there are
two uses to which security classification is put: the
legitimate desire to protect secrets, and protection of
bureaucratic turf. As a practitioner of the real world,
it’s about 90 bureaucratic turf; 10 legitimate secrets as
far as I’m concerned.”
Rodney B. McDaniel
Executive Secretary, National Security Council
Senior Director, (White House) Crisis Management Center
18
VALUATION METRICS I
• TIMING: Is it “good enough” NOW
• CONTEXT: Is it “good enough” over-all,
that is, does it provide a robust contextual
understanding or is it a “tid-bit” in
isolation?
• CONTENT: Is it “good enough” to
improve the decision at hand? Can I share
it?
19
VALUATION METRICS II
• RETURN ON EXPOSURE: Does this
information, openly available, attract other
information that is equally useful? (10X)
• INCLUSIVENESS: Does this information,
openly available, reach those who have a
“need to know” that would not otherwise
have been included in distribution? (20%)
20
OSINT AND REALITY I
“If it is 85% accurate, on time, and I can
share it, this is a lot more useful to me than a
compendium of Top Secret Codeword material that is
too much, too late, and needs a safe and three
security officers to move it around the battlefield.”
U.S. Navy Wing Commander
Leader of First Flight Over Baghdad
Speaking at TIG-92, Naval War College
21
OSINT AND REALITY II
• Post-Cold War political-military issues tend to arise in
lower Tier (per PDD-35) nations where U.S. classified
capabilities are least applicable or largely unavailable.
• Warning of these largely Third World crises has not
required classified collection.
• Approach and resolution has required increased reliance on
international organizations and non-traditional coalition
partners with whom information must be shared and who
are not “cleared” for sensitive sources & methods.
22
THE BURUNDI EXERCISE
• COMMISSION ON INTELLIGENCE (USA)
• ONE MAN, ONE ROLODEX, ONE DAY
–
–
–
–
–
–
Flag/CEO POL-MIL Briefs (Oxford Analytica)
Journalists on the Ground (LEXIS-NEXIS)
World-class academics (Inst. Sci. Info.)
1:100,000 combat charts (Soviets via Eastview)
Tribal OOB and historical summary (Jane’s)
1:50,000 combat imagery (SPOT Image)
23
OPEN SOURCE MARKETPLACE
SOURCES
SOFTWARE
SERVICES
Current Awareness
Internet Tools
Online Search & Retrieval
(e.g. Individual Inc.)
(e.g. NetOwl, Copernicus)
(e.g. NERAC, Burwell Enterprises)
Current Contents
Data Entry Tools
Media Monitoring
(e.g. ISI CC Online)
(e.g. Vista, BBN, SRA)
(e.g. FBIS via NTIS, BBC)
Directories of Experts
Data Retrieval Tools
Document Retrieval
(e.g. Gale Research, TELTECH)
(e.g. RetrievalWare, Calspan)
(e.g. ISI Genuine Document)
Conference ProceedingsAutomated Abstracting
Human Abstracting
Library, CISTI)
(e.g. NetOwl, DR-LINK)
(e.g. British
(e.g. NFAIS Members)
Commercial Online Sources
Automated Translation
Telephone Surveys
(e.g. LN, DIALOG, STN, ORBIT)
(e.g. SYSTRAN, SRA NTIS-JV)
(e.g. Risa Sacks Associates)
Risk Assessment Reports
Data Mining & Visualization
Private Investigations
(e.g. Forecast, Political Risk)
(e.g. i2, MEMEX, Visible Decisions)
(e.g. Cognos, Pinkertons, Parvus)
Maps & Charts
Market Research
(e.g. East View Publications)
Desktop Publishing &
Communications Tools
Commercial Imagery
Electronic Security Tools
Strategic Forecasting
(e.g. SPOT, Radarsat, Autometric)
(e.g. SSI, PGP, IBM Cryptolopes)
(e.g. Oxford Analytica)
(e.g. SIS, Fuld, Kirk Tyson)
24
CURRENT AWARENESS BASICS
•
•
•
•
•
•
DOW JONES INTERACTIVE (Media, BBC)
DIALOG (Periodicals, Books, Conferences)
BRITISH LIBRARY (Conference Papers)
World News Connection (FBIS)
COPERNICUS (Internet Profiles)
LEXIS-NEXIS (Legal/Criminal/Personality)
25
GEOSPACIAL SHORTFALLS
AFRICA
ASIA & PACIFIC
EUROPE & MED
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Algeria
Bangladesh
Greece
Argentina
Angola
China
Turkey
Bolivia
Djibouti
Indonesia
Brazil
Ethiopia
Kazakhstan
Colombia
Ghana
Kyrgystan
Ecuador
Kenya
Malaysia
Grenada
Liberia
Myanmar
Jamaica
Madagascar
New Caledonia
Mexico
Mozambique
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Namibia
Russia
Peru
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Sudan
Viet-Nam
Uraguay
Uganda
4 Key Island Groups
Venezuela
For each of the above countries, less than 25% available in 1:50,000 form, generally old data.
26
MAPS & CHARTS
Formerly classified Soviet maps
Some 1:50, global 1:100 coverage
Contour lines you can hide in….
Digital and printed, very low cost
Topographic, Geological, Nautical
Gazetteers, Indexes, Translations
They got the cable car right….
< www.cartographic.com >
27
COMMERCIAL IMAGERY
10 meter imagery is 1:50,000 level and can provide contour lines.
Synoptic coverage and two-day revisit available globally on 24 hours notice.
Meets critical needs for creating maps, precision targeting, and mission rehearsal.
<www.spot.com>
28
SOFTWARE FUNCTIONALITIES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monitor, alert
Search, browse, gist
Cluster, weight, summarize
Translate
Index, extract, stuff
Query, view, structure
Visualize, catalogue
Facilitate, inspire
29
DATA VISUALIZATION
Analysts Notebook -- Link Analysis -- <www.i2inc.com>
30
DATA EXPLOITATION
SEARCHING
True Total Content Access
<www.memex.com>
Flexible Retrieval
Dynamic Updating
Significantly Reduced Storage
In-Built Security
RETRIEVAL:
Boolean
Synonym
Sound-Ex
Garbled Searching
EXPLOITATION :
Ranking
Clustering
Feedback Analysis
31
DATA-ORIENTED SERVICES
• Online Searchers
– Source-centric/each system unique
– Subject-matter competence/learning curve
– Foreign language competence/full access
• Document Retrieval
– Copyright Compliance
– Digitization
32
HUMAN-ORIENTED SERVICES
• Human Collection Specialists
– Telephone Surveys
– Private Investigations
– Market Research
• Human Processing Specialists
– Commercial Imagery, Maps, Visualization
– Data Warehouses, Multi-Source Processing
• Human Citation Analysis: World Mind Map
33
INFORMATION BROKERS
Highly recommended
“Local knowledge”
Indexed by location,
subject-matter, and
foreign language skill
www.burwellinc.com
34
GEOSPACIAL VISUALIZATION
1M
10M
20M
2M
30M
5M
1M
2M
5M
10M
8-100M
30M
Ikonos KVR-1000 IRS-1C/D in 3D SPOT Image RADARSAT LANDSAT
35
CITATION ANALYSIS
KOBAYASHI Y 87
MASTRAGO A 63
TILAK BV 92
36
OSINT ISSUE AREAS
• Operational Security
– Understand requirement in all-source context
– Conceal/protect client identity and interest
• Copyright Compliance
– Get used to it
• Foreign Language Coverage
• Source Validation
– OSINT assures authority, currency, confidence
37
OSINT RULES OF THE GAME
• 80% of what you need is not online
– 50% of that has not been published at all
• 60% of what you need is not in English
• 90% of the maps you need do not exist
– but commercial imagery can address overnight
• 80% of the information is in private sector
– must leverage distributed private knowledge
38
INTERNET REALITY I (BAD)
• COSPO (USA) Survey: roughly 1% of Internet is
real content, roughly 50 great sites, 500 good
sites--the rest is pornography and opinion
• Internet is a cream puff in comparison to the kind
of rich content/value added represented by
commercial online services with editors/filters
• MCIA/Other Experience: Internet devours
analysts--they get lost or they get addicted, either
way their productivity is cut in half
39
INTERNET REALITY II (GOOD)
• Internet is exquisite as a collaborative work
environment, and for information sharing
• Internet has its uses (see OSINT HANDBOOK)
–
–
–
–
–
Indications & Warning (Tiananmen, Coup vs Gorby)
Cultural Context (Bosnia, Islam, Indians in Mexico)
Basic Research (card catalogues, lists, web sites)
Science & Technology Collection (surprisingly good)
Spotting & Assessment (trolling for potential agents)
• Internet will explode over time--early days yet
40
OSINT IS A PROCESS
• DISCOVERY--Know Who Knows
– Just enough from just the right mix of sources
• DISCRIMINATION--Know What’s What
– Rapid source evaluation and data validation
• DISTILLATION--Know What’s Hot
– Answer the right question, in the right way
• DELIVERY--Know Who’s Who
– It’s not delivered until right person understands
41
INTEGRATED OSINT CONCEPT
Internet Stream
Commercial
Online Feeds
Q
A
Commercial
Maps & Images
DIRECT ACCESS:
OSS-SRA TOOLKIT
WITH TAILORED
SOURCE ACCESS
MEDIATED ACCESS:
OSS EXPERTS WITH
PROPRIETARY SOURCE
METADATABASE
CLIENT
Offline Stream
(“Gray Literature”)
Human Experts
“On Demand”
PROCESSING
TOOLKIT PLUS OSS
EXPERT ANALYSTS
PRODUCTION
TOOLKIT PLUS OSS
EXPERT ANALYSTS
FEEDBACK LOOP
OSS
INTEGRATED ONE-STOP SHOPPING PROCESS
Call Center -- Multi-Level Security -- Umbrella for Unified Billing
42
COLLECTION MANAGEMENT I
• TIP-OFF
– Wires, Jane’s help more than they know
• TARGETING/CONSERVATION
– Narrow the field for clandestine/covert assets
• CONTEXT/VALIDATION
– Ideal for double-checking human assets/story
• COVER
– Protects classified sources & methods
43
COLLECTION MANAGEMENT II
“Do not send a spy where a schoolboy can go.”
“The problem with spies is they only know secrets.”
ALL-SOURCE ANALYSIS
IMINT
HUMINT
SIGINT
MASINT
OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
OPEN SOURCE INFORMATION
44
CM III/ALL-SOURCE ANALYSIS I
OLD “LINEAR”
PARADIGM
NEW “DIAMOND”
PARADIGM
Customer
Customer
Analyst
Analyst
Collector
Collector
Source
Source
ACME OF SKILL IN 21ST CENTURY: Putting Customer with a Question
in Touch with Source Able to Create New Tailored Knowledge in Real Time45
ALL-SOURCE ANALYSIS II
• All-Source Analyst’s Role Must Change
–
–
–
–
–
Manage Network of Overt Sources
Manage Resources to Fund Overt Sources
Manage Classified Collection in Context
Manage Client’s Incoming Open Sources
Manage Client’s Needs for Open Intelligence
• Myopic Introverts Need Not Apply….
46
ALL-SOURCE ANALYSIS III
STRATEGIC
Integrated
Application
Military Sustainability
Geographic Location
Civil Allies
OPERATIONAL
Selection of
Time and Place
Military Availability
Geographic Resources
TACTICAL
Application of
Finite Resources
Military Reliability
Geographic Terrain
TECHNICAL
Isolated
Capabilities
Civil Stability
Civil Psychology
Military Lethality
Geographic Atmosphere
Civil Infrastructure
Over time and space
Channels & Borders
Of strategic value
Quantities & Distribution
Internally available for use
Volatility of sectors
Training & Maintenance
Mobility implications
Cohesion & Effectiveness
Military Systems One by One
Climate Manipulation
Civil Power, Transport,
Communications,
47
& Finance
THREAT ANALYSIS
• LIBYAN TANK EXAMPLE (1992)
–
–
–
–
Technical Level (Lethality): VERY HIGH
Tactical Level (Reliability): LOW
Operational Level (Availability): MEDIUM
Strategic Level (Sustainability): LOW
• We can no longer afford worst-case systems
acquisition (and such systems are largely
useless against 3 of 4 modern day threats)
48
STRATEGIC GENERALIZATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Port utility
Cross-country mobility
Bridge loading limitations
Intervisibility
Aviation temperature averages
Naval gunfire challenges
Language requirements
Half
Zip
30T
<900M
HOT
5” dies
Heavy
49
COALITION OPERATIONS I
“… the concept of UN intelligence promises to turn
traditional principles on their heads. Intelligence will have
to be based on information that is collected primarily by
overt means, that is by methods that do not threaten the
target state or group and do not compromise the integrity or
impartiality of the UN.”
Hugh Smith as cited by Sir David Ramsbotham
50
COALITION OPERATIONS II
• Assure minimal common appreciation of
situation including terrain and civil factors
• Enable information-sharing at unclassified
level across national and civil-military lines
• Significantly enhance information
integration within own forces
• Protect sensitive sources & methods
51
COALITION OPERATIONS III
JOINT
OSINT
CELL
52
COALITION OPERATIONS IV
OSINT “NET”
G-2
PROVOST
MARSHAL
COMBAT
ENGINEERS
G-3
PSYOP
CINC
CIVIL
AFFAIRS
PAO
POLAD
53
OSINT CELL I
• Functions should include
–
–
–
–
Current awareness briefs/tip-off “bundles”
Rapid response reference desk
Primary research
Strategic forecasting
• OSINT is a starting point for both the
intelligence producer and the consumer
54
OSINT CELL II
Click for
full text
MEXICAN INSURGENCY
Wednesday, 3 September 1997
Mass Media Stories (Commercial Online Services, Edited Content)
01
02
03
Rough
translation
optional
02
03
Abstract
may be
online;
copy can
be ordered
via email.
CHIAPAS INSURGENCY CONTINUES
Associated Press 1500 Words, “The Chiapas Insurgency continues to escalate, with 13 Mexican soldiers
CHIAPAS LEADERSHIP VISITS GENEVA
Los Angeles Times 1631 Words, “The leaders of the Chiapas insurgencies
YUKATAN KIDNAPPING OF U.S. BUSINESSMAN
El Tiempo, 764 Words, “Ayer en el sur de Mejico, un empresario Norte Americano fue sequestrado por
Journals (Peer Reviewed Journals, Mostly Off-Line)
01
02
03
Click for full
list in section
EXPAND
MOST RELEVANT NEW ARTICLE
“A Comparative Approach To Latin American Revolutions” (Wickham-Crowley, INT J COMP, July 19
MOST HEAVILY CITED RECENT ARTICLE
“Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict: The Case of Chiapas, Mexico” (Howard, Philip and
MOST RELEVANT NEW FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLE
“Tierra, Pobreza, y Los Indios: La Situacion Revolucionaria en Mejico” (Gonzalez, Juan Fernando,
Internet (Caution: Content Not Subject To Editorial Review)
01
EXPAND
NEW SITE MATCHING PROFILE, EZLN
<http://www.ezln.org>
INCREASED ACTIVITY, OVER 1000 HITS YESTERDAY
<http://www.eco.utexas.edu/faculty/Cleaver/chiapas95.html>
New Major Document, “Chiapas—El Pueblo Adelante!” (14 pages)
<http://www.indians.org/welker/chiapas2.htm>
Documents can be provided; sites are pointers for client to access.
EXPAND
Number of lines per
entry can be
changed
55
OSINT CELL III
REQUIREMENTS OFFICER/
COLLECTION MANAGER
INTERNET
SPECIALIST
PRIMARY RESEARCH
SPECIALIST
COMMERCIAL
ONLINE SPECIALIST
EXTERNAL SERVICES
SPECIALIST
EDITOR/ANALYST
PRESENTATION MANAGER
56
OSINT CELL IV
• Must be national in approach
– Centralized coordination
– Decentralized processing
• Problems will persist
–
–
–
–
Security, funding, cultural barriers
Training & education vacuum
Concepts & doctrine vacuum
Foreign language inadequacies
57
OSINT BUDGET (GENERIC)
Bottom line: 1% of OPS or 5% of INTEL budget
Recommended national defense OSINT allocations (%):
Commercial Imagery Acquisition
.166/Yr
JOINT VISION Ground Stations
.033/Yr UN/NATO/Regional OSINT Architecture
.066/Yr
Joint, Service, and Command OSINT Cells
.100/Yr Defense OSINT Training Program
.016/Yr Defense Internet Seeding Program
.016/Yr OSINT Analysts at Embassies with
Funds
.033/Yr OSINT Direct Support Program
.550/Yr Contingency/Crisis OSINT Surge
Program
.016/Yr
58
OSINT BUDGET (USA)
Bottom line: 1% of OPS or 5% of INTEL budget
Recommended national defense OSINT allocations (USA)*:
Commercial Imagery Acquisition
250M/Yr
JOINT VISION Ground Stations (10@$5M)
50M/Yr
UN/NATO/Regional OSINT Architecture
100M/Yr
Joint, Service, and Command OSINT Cells
(15@$10M)
150M/Yr Defense OSINT Training Program
25M/Yr Defense Internet Seeding Program
25M/Yr OSINT Analysts at Embassies with
Funds (100@$500K)
50M/Yr OSINT Direct Support Program
825M/Yr Contingency/Crisis OSINT Surge
Program
25M/Yr
* Supports 50,000 SI/TK analysts and 250,000 action officers
59
CONCLUSION
• MILITARY CAN’T DO IT ALONE
– Need Resources from Business, Academia
– Need to Integrate Needs of Policy, Police
• MILITARY CAN TAKE THE LEAD
– Has the Discipline and Command Structure
– Has the Budget Flexibility
– Has Best Trans-National Relationships
60
IO BIG PICTURE
All-Source Intelligence
(Spies, Satellites, and Secrets)
OSINT as
Input
Information
Warfare
INFORMATION
OPERATIONS
OSINT as
Output
Information
Peacekeeping
“Don’t send a bullet where a byte will do….”
61
VIRTUAL GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence
Community
Government Knowledge
National Distributed Knowledge
Global Distributed Knowledge
1B 10B
100B
1 TRILLION
62
STRIKING A NEW BALANCE
TECHNICAL $$
TS
LIFERS
HUMINT $$
MID-CAREER
HIRES
SECRET
OSINT $$
1-179 DAY/YR
TEMPORARY EXPERTS
IC MANNING
IC DOLLARS
UNCLASSIFIED
IC PRODUCTION
63
Four Threats, Four Defense Forms
SOLIC/LEA
UNCONVENTIONAL
LOW INTENSITY
CONFLICT AND GANG
WARFARE
HIC/MRC
STRATEGIC NUCLEAR
AND CONVENTIONAL
MILITARY WAR
INFOWAR/
ECONOMIC
ESPIONAGE
IW/ECON
INFORMATION WAR/
CRIME & ECONOMIC
ESPIONAGE
PROLIFERATION/
MIGRATION
JIHAD/
GREENPEACE
TERRORISM/
GLOBAL CRIME
MINDWAR
RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL
AND ENVIRONMENTAL
REFUGEES
64
INFORMATION STRATEGY
• Military must work with rest of Nation
• Four elements of information strategy:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Connectivity
Content access & validation nodes
Coordination of standards & investments
C4 security across the board
• OSINT, at root, is about creating a “smart nation”
within which “smart organizations” can thrive and be
effective at their mission--OSINT is the enabling net.
• OSINT impacts national security and competitiveness.
65
OSINT BUILDING BLOCKS
Policy Intelligence
Law
Enforcement
Intelligence
Coalition
Intelligence
Military
Intelligence
Business Intelligence/OSINT
Mass & Niche Media Intelligence
Citizen Intelligence--Intelligence “Minuteman”
Basic, Advanced, & Corporate Education
Robert Steele, OSS NOTICES 31 May 1995, with Alvin Toffler; the concept of
“Intelligence Minuteman” was developed by Alessandro Politi at OSS ‘92, and
independently put forth and enhanced by Anthony Fedanzo in OSS READER. 66
NEW GOVERNMENT
OPERATIONS DOCTRINE
National
Economic
Council
Transnational
and Domestic
Law
Enforcement
Operations
Civilian Leaders
Conventional
Military
(High-Tech)
Information
Driven
Government
Operations
Diplomatic and
Other Information
Peacekeeping
National Electronic Security &
Operations
Counterintelligence Program
Special
Operations
(Low-Tech)
Information
Warfare Corps
67
REFERENCES I
“Open Source Intelligence: Private Sector Capabilities to Support DoD Policy,
Acquisitions, and Operations" (Defense Daily Network, 4 March 1998) at
<www.defensedaily.com/reports/osint.htm>
Open Source Intelligence: HANDBOOK (Joint Military Intelligence Training Center,
October 1996) at <www.oss.net/HANDBOOK>
Open Source Intelligence: READER (OSS Inc., 1997) at <www.oss.net/READER>
Concept Paper: Creating a Bare Bones Capability for Open Source Support to
Defense Intelligence Analysts (OSS Inc., 18 August 1997) at
<www.oss.net/DIAReport>
“Open Source Intelligence: An Examination of Its Exploitation in the Defense
Intelligence Community” (Major Robert M. Simmons, Joint Military Intelligence
College, August 1995)
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REFERENCES II
“Virtual Intelligence: Conflict Resolution and Conflict Avoidance Through
Information Peacekeeping”, Proceedings of the Virtual Diplomacy
Conference of 1-2 April 1997 in Washington, D.C. (U.S. Institute of Peace) at
<http://www.oss.net/VIRTUAL>
Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Proposed Program for the 21st Century
(OSS Inc., 14 April 1997 at <http://www.oss.net/OSS21>)
“Information Peacekeeping: The Purest Form of War” in CYBERWAR:
Myths, Mysteries, and Realities (AFCEA, 1998) at <www.oss.net/InfoPeace>
Other references including self-study OSINT lessons at <www.oss.net>.
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OSINT TRAINING
PacInfo ‘98
OSINT and Complex
Peacekeeping Ops 7-9 December 1998,
Monterey,
California
EuroIntel
‘99
OSINT and Terrorism, Crime, & Proliferation
9-11 March 1999, The Hague, The Netherlands
OSS ‘99
OSINT Sources & Methods
24-26 May 1999, Washington, D.C.
70
A LITTLE FUN
Baaaa*
*Sheep Lie…the official motto (and button) of CIA Mid-Career Course 101
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