BIBLIOGRAPHY
By N.Tenzin. Head Librarian, RBKIA
What is a Bibliography?
What is bibliography?
A bibliography is a list of source materials that are used or
consulted in the preparation of a work or that are referred to in
the text.
TYPES OF FORMATS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY
MLA: Modern Language Association
APA: The American Psychological style
Chicago style format
Turabian
Harvard style etc.
Different Styles of Bibliography
Writing
The MLA format is primarily used for English
Literature, and other forms of humanities.
The American Psychological style of writing is
used for Psychology, and other sciences and
social sciences.
The Chicago Style format is primarily used for
History.
Turabian is used for Natural and Social
Science
Why must you do a Bibliography?
 To acknowledge and give credit to sources of words,
ideas,diagrams,illustrations,quotations borrowed, or
any materials summarized or paraphrased.
 To show that you are respectfully borrowing other
people’s ideas, not stealing them.
 To offer additional information to your readers who
may wish to further pursue your topic.
 Showing the depth of your research.
 To give readers an opportunity to check out your
sources for accuracy.
 Avoiding Plagiarism
What must be included in a
Bibliography?
 Author
Book
 Editor
Newspaper
 Title
Journal
 Place of Publication
Movie
 Name of Publisher
Magazine
 Date of Publication
Online resources
 Volume and Issue No(Journal)
 Page No.
 Same as above (Online document/Internet)
Formatting Notes:
Use a “hanging indent” to show the beginning of a citation. In other
words, the first line of the citation begins at the left margin.
Subsequent lines are indented ½ inch from the left margin
typically 5 spaces).
Double-space all entries in the reference list for APA and MLA.
APA, MLA, and Turabian use italicized type to indicate titles of
major works (book titles, journal titles, etc.).
With its latest edition of the Handbook, MLA has dropped the
requirement for including the URL for materials retrieved
online.MLA’s current advice is to include the URL only if the
source might be difficult to find again or if it is required by a
particular teacher or professor.
MLA format sample
BOOKS
The basic format for a book citation requires listing the author’s name, the title of the
book, the place of publication, the publisher’s name, and the date of publication.
Edited books, when cited in full, will list the editor’s name instead of an author’s
name and medium
ONE AUTHOR
The book written by the author Fifi LaRue, entitled My Fabulous Life: Parisian Flings and Other
Things, and published in Paris, France, by the publisher LaPlume in 1992. Note that APA
capitalizes only the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, while MLA capitalize
all significant title words.
MLA: LaRue, Fifi. My Fabulous Life: Parisian Flings and
Other Things. Paris: LaPlume, 1992. Print.
APA: LaRue, F. (1992). My fabulous life: Parisian flings and
other things. Paris: LaPlume.
MLA format sample
TWO AUTHORS
Example: A book written by the authors Terrie A. Dactyl and
Braun T. Saurus, entitled The Jury’s Still Out on Jurassic
Park, and published in Raptor, Pennsylvania, by Altamira
Press in 1994.
Dactyl, Terrie A. and Braun T. Saurus. The Jury’s Still
Out on Jurassic Park. Raptor, PA: Altamira Press, 1994.
Print.
MLA format sample
BOOK WITH AN EDITOR
Example:A book edited by Teresa Mae Anklet, entitled
Big Bruisers, and published in Montreal,Canada, by
Strange Brew Press, 1976. Edited books normally
are collections of essays or chapters written by a
variety of authors. The editor is responsible for
collecting and arranging the contents of the book and
might also contribute to the book’s content.
Anklet, Teresa Mae, ed. Big Bruisers. Montreal:
Strange Brew Press, 1976. Print.
MLA format sample
A Multivolume Work
Example is based on an article published in volume 26 of
the 2008 edition of the Encyclopedia Bibliotica by the
author Leroi Faunt. The article dealt with the topic royalty
.
Faunt, Leroi. Royalty: Encyclopedia
Bibliotica.2vols.Cambridge:London,1993. Print.
Lauter,Paul,et al.,eds.The Heathe Anthiology of
American Literature.5th ed. 5vols. Boston: Houghton,
2006.Print.
MLA format sample
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE – AUTHOR LISTED
Example :An article by author Vyas Sharad, entitled “State spend
Crore on Kasab so far,” that was published in the Times of
India, November 1, 2011, on page 1.
Sharad, Vyas. "State's Spent 16 Core on Kasab so Far."
The Times of India Tuesday Nov. 2011: 1. Print.
MLA format sample
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
The basic format for citing a magazine article is similar to the journal format.
Required information includes author’s name, article title, name of the
magazine, date of issue, and inclusive page numbers. Date of access and
medium.
Example:An article published in the magazine Business today. The article,
“Companies that have steadily climbed up the rankings’ ladder to take on the
big boys was written by author Manu Kaushik and was published in the
November 13, 2011, issue of the magazine on pages 62-66.
Manu, Kaushik. "Companies That Have Steadily Climbed up the Rankings Ladder
to Take on the Big Boys." Business Today (2011): 62-66. Print.
MLA format sample
Citing Web Publication
1.Name of the author/Editor/Compiler/director/translator/narrator
2.Title of the Work(Italicized if the work is independent and quotation mark if the
work is part of a larger work)
3.Title of the over all website
Publisher or Sponsor/owner if not available, use N.p.
4.Date of pubilcation if no date of publication use n.d.
4.Medium of Publication
Date of access(day,month, and year)
Eaves,Morris,Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi,eds. “The man in the Jungle.”The
William Blake Archive.Lib. Of Cong.,28 Sept.2007.Web.20
Nov.2007.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/university-of-toronto-reviewing-former-tdsbdirectors-dissertation-amid-plagiarism-scandal/article7207283/?service=mobile
http://www.webmd.com/news/default.htm
MLA format sample
Citing of Web publication
• Non Periodical Publication
• A Periodical Publication in an online
MLA format sample
Citing A Non periodical Publication
When citing an website which has corporate author, omit any initial article
(A,An,The). Start with corporate author.
The following example is based on the website for the television network
United State Geological Survey. Waste Water Treatment
Water Use.United States.USGS.2011.Web.16.Jul.2011
< http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuww.html>
Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. The William Blake
Archive. Lib. of Cong., 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 20 June. 2011.
<http://www.blakearchive.org/blake/>.
MLA format sample
Periodical Publication in an Online
Database
Tolson, Nancy. “ Making Books Available : The Role of Early
Libraries, Librarians, and Booksellers in the Promotion
of
African American Children’s Literature”. African
American Review 32.1(1998):9-16,JSTOR.Web.5 June.2008
MLA format sample
INTERVIEW
Two Kinds of Interviews
• Published or Broadcast
• Conducted by Researcher(personal Interview)
Publised/boradcast Interview
interviewee. “Title”.Interview by interviewer.publication Info.Medium
Gordimer,Jimmy. Pink city.Interview by Cynthia
McFadden.Nightline.New York.23.apr.2009.Television
•
Personal Interview
• Tiwari,J.S. Personal interview.10 Dec.2007
• Reed,Ishmael.Telephone interview.10 Dec.2007
Important Abbreviation
n.p. No place of publication given
n.p. No publishers given
n.d. No date of publication given
n.pag. No pagination given