Study Guide
Gonzales, Mexicanos chapter 9, pt. 2
Goodbye to Aztlán
1. Changes in Mexican society
2. Rise in migration – propelled by an inability of Mexico to provide a decent living for many of its
citizens
3. Maquiladora system
4. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
5. U.S. “bailout” – 1994 (p. 228)
a. Luis Colosio
b. EZLN
6. Migration patterns
a. Dual residence patterns – “transnational migrant circuits”
b. Indigenous migration and the Mexican contradiction (p. 230)
c. New patterns of migration – urban poor – often educated, disillusioned professionals
d. New patterns of work
7. Nativism
a. Reaction to migrants
b. Education –
i. prop 187
ii. prop 209
iii. English only
c. “Welfare”
d. Taxes?
8. Immigration Reform
a. “Rambo years” (p. 238)
b. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
i. Employer sanctions
ii. Amnesty
iii. Reality of production
9. Globalization –
a. economic colonialism
b. capital and labor
10. Capitalism
11. Socialism
12. Education
a. Drop-out rate – 40% in 1990s
i. different educational opportunities
ii. de facto segregation
iii. alienation
b. Community college
c. University
13. “Culture of poverty”
a. Oscar Lewis
b. Machismo
i. Patriarchy
ii. Anti-intellectualism
iii. Gangs
c. Critique of the culture of poverty
i. William Julius Wilson
ii. Cornel West
d. Poverty line
e. Institutional racism - Social processes that, intentionally or not, protect the advantages
of the dominant group while maintaining the unequal position of the subordinate
groups.
14. Mexican American Middle Class
a. “Hispanics”
b. Assimilation
c. Professions
15. Religion
a. Catholicism
i. Second Vatican Council
ii. Liberation theology
iii. UFW
iv. Sanctuary (p. 247)
v. Pope Francis
b. Protestantism
i. Evangelicalism
ii. Pentecostalism
c. Islam (p. 247)
d. Buddhism
16. Feministas: The Second Generation
a. Education – Chicana studies departments
i. Race, class and gender
ii. Sexual orientation
b. Gloria Molina (1948-)
i. Grew up as one of ten children in the Los Angeles suburb of Pico Rivera,
California
ii. Attended Rio Hondo College, East Los Angeles College and California State
University, Los Angeles.
iii. First Latina in history to be elected to the California State Legislature, the Los
Angeles City Council, and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
iv. Ms Magazine’s “Woman of the Year” 1985
v. Involved in Mothers of East Los Angeles, a group formed to organize against a
proposed plan to build a prison in East LA.
c. Loretta Sanchez (1960 -)
i. Born and raised in Lynwood, CA
ii. B.A., Chapman University, Orange, Calif., 1982
iii. M.B.A., American University, Washington, D.C., 1984
iv. Narrowly defeated nine-term incumbent “Bullet” Bob Dornan, a fiery
ultraconservative, in Orange County, CA. As a Democrat, Sanchez became the
first Hispanic on Orange County elected to Congress to represent the 46th
District
17. The Chicano Renaissance
a. Examples -- the novel
i. Jose Antonio Villareal – Pocho (1959) – “many literary critics see Pocho as the
first Chicano novel” (p. 252)
ii. Rudolfo Anaya -- Bless Me Ultima (1972) – “The best-selling and arguable the
most popular Chicano literary work, ever”
iii. Victor Villasenor – Rain of Gold (1992)
iv. Helena Viramontes – Under the Feet of Jesus (1996)
v. Sandra Cisneros – House on Mango Street (1991)
b. Examples – theater, acting and film
i. Luis Valdez – El Teatro Campesino (p. 255), Zoot Suit (1978)
ii. James Olmos – Stand and Deliver (1988); Selena (1997); American Me (1992)
iii. Gregory Nava – El Norte (1983)
iv. Richard “Cheech” Marin – Born in East LA (1987)
c. Mural Art
i. Mexican muralists
ii. Judith Baca
iii. Patricia Rodriquez
iv. Los Four film (p. 259) Los Four
d. Music
i. Tex-Mex Sound – Flaco Jimenez
ii. Carlos Santana
iii. Los Lobos
1. One Time on Night
2. La Bamba
iv. Johnny Rodriquez – Down on the Rio Grande
v. Freddie Fender
vi. Selena Selena Quintanilla/Jennifer Lopez Selena Live