ACADEMIC BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Chapter 1: The Science of Life
1. What is a heterotroph?
2. What is an autotroph?
3. What is biology?
4. What is natural selection?
5. What is the name or title of a person who studies the anatomy of something?
6. What are the characteristics of life? (6 of them)
7. What is the relationship between response, behavior and a stimulus?
8. What is the study of an animal’s interaction with its environment called?
9. In what ways are organisms organized?
10. When life began, what was probably the first living organism?
11. Describe what an adaptation would be…
12. Fertilization of egg and sperm will result in what?
13. Know the microscope well…especially the magnification aspect.
14. Know the difference between quantitative and qualitative data.
Chapters 2 & 3: Chemistry & Biochemistry
1. Define the following terms:
a. molecule
b. neutron c. element
d. atom
2. Periodic table: Know about the atomic number, atomic mass, isotopes, protons,
neutrons, and electrons
3. Know the process of photosynthesis. What are plants doing to the light energy? What
are they transforming it into?
4. Know the following terms:
acid
base
polypeptides
peptide
lipids
polymer
polysaccharides
sucrose
disaccharides
enzyme
chemical energy
galactose
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heat energy
cellulose
mechanical energy
glucose
activation enegry
carbohydrates
Chapter 4: Structure and Function of the Cell
1. What are the factors that limit cell size?
2. Know the cell parts:
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
Lysosome
Nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope
Ribosome
3. Know the following terms:
Permeable
Solute
Semi-permeable
Fluid Mosaic Model
Homeostasis
Contractile Vacuole
Solvent
Osmosis
Diffusion
Turgor Pressure
4. What are considered to be wastes excreted by cells?
Chapter 5: Homeostasis & Transport
Know the following terms:
Diffusion
Passive Transport
Concentration gradient
Osmosis
Equilibrium
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Contractile Vacuoles
Turgor Pressure
Plasmolysis
Cytolysis
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Facilitated Diffusion
Carrier Proteins
Ion Channels
Active Transport
Sodium-potassium Pump
Endocytosis / Exocytosis
Vesicle
Pinocytosis / Phagocytosis
Phagocytes
Chapters 6 & 7: Photosynthesis & Respiration
1. Where does cellular respiration occur?
2. Know the reactants and products of photosynthesis.
3. What is the role of the chloroplast?
4. Why are plants green?
5. Know the following terms:
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Chapter 8: Cell Reproduction
1. What is the main “job” of mitosis?
2. What is the main “job” of meiosis?
3. What happens in each step of each process?
4. What is a histone?
5. What is a somatic cell?
6. How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?
Chapters 9-12: Genetics / emphasis on chapters 9 & 10
1. What is a genotype?
2. What is a phenotype?
3. What is meant by dominant, recessive?
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4. What is meant by heterozygous, homozygous?
5. Review blood types…
6. Who is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
7. What is the structure of DNA, and what actually makes the sides of the DNA
molecule?
8. What makes up the rungs of the DNA molecule?
9. What are amino acids?
10. What is DNA and RNA…what do they do?
Review each section vocabulary.
Chapters 14-16: Biogenesis & Evolution
1. Francesco Redi
2. Lazzaro Spallanzani
3. Louis Pasteur
4. Radioactive dating
5. Isotopes
6. Radioactive decay and half life
7. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
8. What are acquired characteristics?
9. What is convergent evolution?
10. What is adaptive radiation?
11. What is natural selection?
12. What are vestigial organs?
13. What is a eukaryotic cell?
14. What is a prokaryotic cell?
15. The roles of RNA
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16. Chemosynthesis
17. Photosynthesis & Aerobic Respiration
18. Lamarck and Darwin
19. Origin of Species
20. Natural Selection
Chapter 17: Classification
Review all vocabulary for this section.
Fossil Record
Cladistics/cladograms
6-Kingdom Classification System
3 Domain System
Chapters 23 & 24: Bacteria & Viruses
1. What are viruses? Are they living/nonliving? Do they belong to a kingdom?
2. What are bacteria? What kingdom do they belong to? Are they unicellular,
multicellular? Are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
3. Know the following terms:
Pili
Filaments
Fibers
Chapters 25-26: Kingdoms Fungi, Protista
1. Know the general characteristics of algae.
2. Know the following terms:
Binary fission
Sexual
Flagella
Asexual
reproduction
Cytoplasm
reproduction
Pellicle
Coelom
3. Know the difference between protozoans and algal protests.
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Chapter 32-44: Animal Characteristics/Behavior
1. Know the difference between bilateral and radial symmetry.
2. What type of symmetry does the frog have?
3. What type of symmetry do humans have?
4. What type of symmetry does the starfish have?
5. What is a roundworm?
6. What are arthropods?
7. Know about the Ascaris worm, the crayfish, the clam, the starfish, the earthworm, and
the frog.
8. What is an exoskeleton and how does it differ from a skeleton?
9. Know the following terms:
Nephridia
Gills
Lungs
Spiracles
10. What is cephalization?
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