COMMUNITY
DESIGN &
DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT
REPORT
MIDLAND, TEXAS
Figure 1 (Midland Texas Convention & Visitors Bureau)
MIDLAND, TEXAS
THE TALL CITY
Prepared by Thais Ahlstrand
For Texas Tech University
ARCH 5384: Community Design & Development Resources
Spring 2008
i
Table of Contents
PART 1
Project Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
Community Contact Information……………………………………………………………………………………..2
Mayoral Registry…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
Community Profile Description of Midland………………………………………………………………………5
Location………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
Population…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7
Climate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7
Government………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7
Transportation……………………………………………………………………………………………………8
Tourism Accommodations……………………………………………………………………………………8
Educational Facilities……………………………………………………………………………………………9
Community Information………………………………………………………………………………………9
Recreation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
Community Events & Attractions………………………………………………………………………..10
Arts & Culture……………………………………………………………………………………………………10
Major Employers……………………………………………………………………………………………….11
Economic Incentives………………………………………………………………………………………….11
Demographic Information…………………………………………………………………………………………….12
Population Statistics………………………………………………………………………………………….12
Race………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….12
Housing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
Cost of Living…………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
Economic Indicators………………………………………………………………………………………….13
Education………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14
Income……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...14
ii
Table of Contents
Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15
Community History………………………………………………………………………………………………………16
PART 2
Identification of Existing Resources……………………………………………………………………………....18
Midland Development Corporation……………………………………………………………………18
Midland Chamber of Commerce…………………………………………………………………………20
City of Midland Development & Services Department…………………………….……………20
Code Administration Office………………………………………………………….…….……20
Community Development Office……………………………………………….…….……….21
Design & Construction Division………………………………………………….……………21
Planning Division………………………………………………………………….………………..21
Transportation Division……………………………………………………………..…………..22
Traffic Engineering Division……………………………………………………..…………….22
Annexation Plan………………………………………………………………………….………….22
Geographical Information Systems Division………………………….…………………23
Midland Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone……………………………………………………….23
Midland Master Plan 2025…………………………………………………………………………………23
Midland SMART Downtown Plan……………………………………………….………………………24
Sustainability………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25
Identification of Existing Sustainable Resources…………………..……….…………………….25
Keep Midland Beautiful…………………………………………….…………………………….25
Parks and Recreation Division……………………………..…………………………………..25
H-E-B………………………………………………………………..……………………………………26
EZRider…………………………………………………………………………………………………..27
Recommendation of New Resources…………………………………………………………………..27
iii
Table of Contents
Green Communities…………………………………………………………………...…………….28
Local Government Commission………………………………………………………..………29
Green Power……………………………………………………………………………………..…….30
Representation of Recommendations…………………………………………..……………………..31
Green Communities…………………………………………………………..…………………….31
Local Government Commission………………………………….……………………………33
Green Power …………………………………………………….…………………………………….34
Process for Implementation…………………………………………….…………………………………34
Green Communities………………………………………………………..……………………….34
Local Government Commission………………………….…….………………………………35
Green Power ……………………………………………………………………….………………….36
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………..37
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….38
iv
Part 1 – Project Introduction
The community design and development assessment report of Midland, Texas, is a
project of the ARCH 5384, Community Design & Development Resources class at Texas
Tech University, College of Architecture, under the direction of Professor Mary-Alice
Torres-MacDonald. The purpose of this project is to establish an understanding of
community design and development within the context of a community project while
providing a professional report that benefits both the student and the community.
Resource and reference materials used include community websites, city brochures,
informal interviews, newspaper articles, and comprehensive and strategic planning
documents. Due to the extensive nature of this project and time constraints, only a select
amount of information was used in the development of the report.
In writing this report, I attempted to give the reader a broad overview of the
community of Midland and the current resources and developmental works in use by the
current city planning committee. The objective of my recommendations for the future
development of the city is to aide in the growth, revitalization, and sustainability of the
community. The ideas presented herein are ones that have previously enhanced other
communities and ones I believe will also spur Midland into becoming an even better city in
which to live.
-Thais Ahlstrand
1
Part 1 – Community Contact Information
CITY OF MIDLAND
300 N. Loraine
Midland, TX 79701
www.midlandtx.gov
Interim City Manager
Tommy Hudson
Ph: 432-685-7201, fax: 432-686-1600
Assistant City Manager
Marcus Johnston
Ph: 432-685-7205, fax: 432-686-1600
City Development Advisory Committee
Tina Juaz
Ph: 432-685-7593
Midland Beautification Advisory Committee
Kay Snyder
Ph: 432-685-7261
Midland Housing Authority Committee
Willie Ruth Adams
Ph: 432-682-0011
Midland-Odessa Urban Transit District Board
Marcus Johnston
Ph: 432-685-7205
Parks and Recreation Commission
Monette Burke
Ph: 432-685-7354
Planning and Zoning Commission
Cameron Walker
Ph: 432-685-7405
Water Resources Committee
Kay Snyder
Ph: 432-685-7261
2
Part 1 – Community Contact Information
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
Administrator – Sylvester Cantu
300 N. Loraine, Rm: 410
Midland, TX 79701
Ph: 432-685-7408
MIDLAND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
109 N. Main
Midland, TX 79701
Ph: 683-3381, fax: 432-682-9205
Email: ed@midlandtxchamber.com
MIDLAND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
109 N. Main
Midland, TX 79701
Ph: 800-624-6435
www.midlandtxchamber.com
MIDLAND CITY COUNCIL
District One – LuAnn Morgan, lmorgan@midlandtexas.gov
District Two – Vicky Hailey, vhailey@midlandtexas.gov
District Three – John James, jjames@midlandtexas.gov
District Four – Michael Trost, mtrost@midlandtexas.gov
At Large – Bill Dingus, bdingus@midlandtexas.gov
At Large - Scott Dufford, sdufford@midlandtexas.gov
3
Figure 2 – Midland County Courthouse, taken by author, April 2008
Part 1 – Mayoral Registry
S.J. Isaacs – 1907-19081
Ernest Angelo, Jr. – 1972-1980
A.C. Parker – 1908-1909
Thane Akins – 1980-1986
J.A. Haley – 1909-1911
Carroll Thomas – 1986-1992
J.M. Caldwell – 1911-1915
J.D. Faircloth – 1992-1994
J.M. Gilmore – 1915-1917
Robert E. Burns – 1994-2001
H.A. Leaverton – 1917-1918
Mike Canon – 2001-2008
W.A. Dawson – 1918-1923
Wes Perry – 2008-Present
Paul T. Barron – 1923-1925
Frank Hagg – 1925-1929
Leon Goodman – 1929-1934
M.C. Ulmer – 1934-1943
A.N. Hendrickson – 1943-1946
Fred Hogan – 1946-1947
Russell H. Gifford – 1947-1949
William B. Neely – 1949-1951
Perry Pickett – 1951-1953
Figure 3 - Mayor W. Wesley Perry,
2008,
http://www.midlandtexas.gov/govern
ment/mayors_office/mayor.html
J.W. McMillen – 1953-1954
Ernest Sidwell – 1955-1958
F.L. Thompson – 1958-1962
H.C. Avery, Jr. – 1962-1968
Edwin H. Magruder, Jr. – 1968-1972
1
(Midland Reporter Telegram, 2007)
4
Part 1 – Community Profile Description of Midland
Midland came to be known as The Tall City because its skyscrapers could be seen
from 30 miles away. It boasts claim to many celebrities as President George W. Bush and
First Lady Laura Bush, President George H.W. Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush, Cedric
Benson – running back for the Chicago Bears, Woody Harrelson – actor, Tommy Lee Jones –
actor, Susan Graham – mezzo-soprano, and many others. Midland’s four sister cities
include Dongying (China), Wirral (England), New Amsterdam (Guyana), and Chihuahua
(Mexico). When visiting Midland, tourists can enjoy one of the many year-round cultural
entertainments in the community. The Midland-Odessa Symphony & Chorale has served
the Permian Basin for over 45 years bringing multiple concerts and musicians to the area.
Other performing arts programs include Ballet Midland, Midland Opera Theatre, and
Midland Community Theatre. The Museum of the Southwest features collections of local
and international artists. It also includes the Children’s Museum and the Marian W.
Blakemore Planetarium. The Petroleum Museum has numerous displays of the history,
science, and technology of the oil and gas development. The Commemorative Air Force
brings the annual air show to Midland and its American Airpower Heritage Museum is
internationally recognized and loaded with World War II artifacts and memorabilia. For
sports fans, Midland is home to the Midland Rockhounds, a Texas League minor league
baseball team affiliated with the Oakland Athletics.2 There are multiple private and public
golf courses spotted around town as well as other community parks and recreation areas.
A wide variety of restaurants is available, including national chain establishments and
2
(Wikipedia, 2008)
5
Part 1 – Community Profile Description of Midland
locally owned restaurants. Midland continually strives to be a beautiful community,
bringing culture and education to an ever growing population.
Figure 4 - taken by author, April, 2008
LOCATION
Midland is located at coordinates 32.005072, -102.0992393, with an elevation of 2,782 feet
above sea level. The city is approximately 300.66 miles west of Fort Worth, Texas, and
305.69 miles east of El Paso, Texas, on Interstate Highway 20.
3
(Wikipedia, 2008)
6
Part 1 – Community Profile Description of Midland
POPULATION
2000 Census – 94,996; Est. 2007 – 103,174
CLIMATE
Midland’s climate is typical of a semi-arid region. Most of the annual precipitation comes
from spring and summer thunderstorms. Dust storms are frequent in the late winter and
early spring months. Summer day temperatures are quite hot, but evenings are
comfortable. Winters are characterized by frequent cold periods followed by rapid
warming. Overall, the climate is pleasant with only a few disagreeable days throughout the
year.4
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Avg. high temp °F
60
66
74
82
89
94
96
94
88
80
68
61
79
Avg. low temp °F
29
34
41
48
58
65
68
67
61
51
38
34
50
Avg. precipitation in.
.53
.58
.42
.73
1.79
1.71
1.89
1.77
2.31
1.77
.65
.65
13.97
Days above 32°F: 83.1%
Average yearly days with more than one inch of snowfall: 1.7
Average yearly days without precipitation: 303.3
Average yearly rainfall: 13.97 inches5
GOVERNMENT
The City of Midland Charter was adopted on November 5, 1940 and has since been
amended. The charter established Midland as a home rule city and provides the city with
the full power of self-government and describes such power. The governing and
lawmaking body consists of six council members and one mayor, all of which are elected.6
4
5
(Midland/Odessa Weather Forecast Office, 2008)
(Midland Chamber of Commerce, 2008)
7
Part 1 – Community Profile Description of Midland
Other Departments & City Services:
Administration
Animal Services
City Attorney
City Manager
Community Development Block Grant
Development Services
Fire Department
Municipal Court
Police Department
Public Safety Communication
Utilities
Airport
Building Inspections
City Auditor and Fraud Hotline
City Secretary
Customer Service
Finance & Budget
Health & Senior Services
Parks & Recreation
Public Information
Purchasing
GIS (Geographic Information Systems)7
TRANSPORTATION
Air Service:
Midland International
Midland Airpark
Rail Service Provider:
Union Pacific
Public Transportation:
EZRider – Midland-Odessa Urban Transit District
TOURISM ACCOMODATIONS
More than 20 hotels, varying from
luxury to economy, one bed and
breakfast
Over 200 restaurants,
including fast food establishments
4 RV camp grounds
Figure 5 – Holiday Inn Express on Loop 250, taken by
author, April 2008
6
7
(Charter Committee, 1940)
(City Of Midland, 2006)
8
Part 1 – Community Profile Description of Midland
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Midland College
Permian Basin Graduate Center
Advance Technology Center
Cogdell Learning Center
Elementary – 23
Junior High – 4
Freshman – 2
High School – 2
Private – 9
Special/High School – 1
Figure 6 – Midland College Logo,
http://www.midlandcollegebook
store.com/ePOS/form=shared3/c
ustom/images/322/logo2.gif
COMMUNITY INFORMATION
Health Care:
Total hospital beds in city – 488
Total doctors (medical) in city – 220
Media:
Papers – 1 – Daily, 2 – Weekly, Regional in Spanish
Radio Stations – 16
TV Stations – 6 local
RECREATION
Schaurbeur Sports Complex
Midland Polo Club
Mabee Aquatic Center
Parks – 45
Country Clubs – 4
Health Centers – 7
Public Golf Courses – 2
Theatres – 7 (3 live)
Tennis Courts – 82
Libraries – 4
Others: bowling, shooting ranges,
rodeos, hunting, community
shelter8
Figure 7 – Schaurbeur Sports Complex, taken by author, April 2008
8
(Midland Development Corporation, 2008)
9
Part 1 – Community Profile Description of Midland
COMMUNITY EVENTS & ATTRACTIONS
Events:
Celebration of the Arts
Celtic Heritage Festival
Cinco de Mayo
Community Concerts
Fina Air Sho
High School Football
Med-Tex: Menudo, Chili, Fajita Cook-off and Family Festival
Midland Rockhounds Texas League Baseball
Rock the Desert
St. Ann’s Fair
Septemberfest
Shades of Blues Festival
Star Spangles Salute
Summer Concert Series
Summer Mummers
Figure 9 - Scarborough-Linebery House, taken by author, April,
2008
Figure 8 - CAF logo,
http://www.midlandtexasho
mes.com/images/caf_lohd.gif
Attractions:
American Airpower Heritage Museum,
Commemorative Air Force
Brown-Dorsey Medallion Home, oldest house
built 1899
Centennial Plaza
Chaparral Gallery
Fredda Turner Durham Children’s Museum
George W. Bush Childhood Home
Haley Library & History Center
Marian Blakemore Planetarium
Museum of the Southwest
Petroleum Museum
Scarborough-Linebery House
Sibley Nature Learning Center
ARTS & CULTURE
Cole Theatre
McCormick Art Gallery
Midland Festival Ballet
Midland-Odessa Symphony and Chorale
Midland Opera Theatre
Yucca Theatre
Figure 10 – Yucca Theatre, Home to Summer
Mummers, taken by author, April 2008
10
Part 1 – Community Profile Description of Midland
MAJOR EMPLOYERS9
Industry Name
# of Employees
Midland Independent School District
2,826
Warren Equipment Companies
1,920
Midland Memorial Hospital
1,500
Midland College
1,200
Dawson Geophysical
1,200
City of Midland
962
Patterson Drilling UTI
750
AT&T Wireless, LLC
600
Midland County
583
Key Energy Services
500
Schlumberger Oilfield Services
450
Semperian Administrative Services
375
Halliburton
300
Pioneer Natural Gas Resources USA
300
Conoco Phillips
240
Wilson Companies
225
Baker Hughes Companies
217
Chevron
200
Steward Cable/Houston Connection
200
Teraco
180
Texas Access Alliance
175
BJB Company
160
Onda-Lay Pipe & Rental, Inc.
150
Don-Nan Pump & Supply, Inc.
140
Kinder Morgan
100
ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
Tax Abatement
Enterprise Zone
Economic Dev 4A sales tax
Foreign Trade Zone
Reinvestment Zone
Freeport Exemption
Tax Rate (per $100 assessed value) – Jan. 2008: $2.270975
Total Tax: 8.25%10
9
(Midland Development Corporation, 2008)
(Midland Development Corporation, 2008)
10
11
Part 1 – Demographic Information
POPULATION STATISTICS
The following statistics are based on the 2000 Census, unless otherwise noted.11
Midland County
City of Midland
Male
Female
Children 5 & Under
Ages 5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-59
60-64
65-74
75-84
85+
Number
116,009
94,996
45,575
49,421
Age
Number
7,170
7,777
8,382
8,053
5,526
11,592
15,242
12,490
3,775
3,291
6,522
3,867
1,309
Percent
100
100
48
52
Number
71,735
7,948
602
Percent
75.5
8.4
0.6
956
27,543
29
1.0
29.0
0.0
11,862
1,864
12.5
2.0
Percent
7.5
8.2
8.8
8.5
5.8
12.2
16.0
13.1
4.0
3.5
6.9
4.1
1.4
RACE
White
Black or African American
American Indian & Alaska
Native
Asian
Hispanic
Native Hawaiian or Other
Pacific Islander
Other
Two or More Races
11
(U.S. Census Bureau, 2000)
12
Part 1 – Demographic Information
HOUSING
Occupancy
Total Housing Units
Occupied Housing Units
Vacant Housing Units
For Seasonal,
Recreational, or
Occasional Use
Number
39,855
35,674
4,181
108
Percent
100.0
89.5
10.5
0.3
COST OF LIVING12
Area/State
100%
13%
28%
10%
10%
4%
Composite Grocery Housing Utilities Transportation Health
Index
Items
Care
87.2
Dallas, TX
92.5
Denver, CO
102.3
Houston, TX 88.2
Phoenix, AZ 101.7
Midland, TX
84.6
96.7
99.5
83.7
98.0
74.1
76.1
110.4
73.0
103.4
90.0
99.3
110.2
104.5
94.1
99.0
104.0
90.0
97.0
105.2
94.3
98.5
109.5
102.9
100.8
35%
Misc.
Goods/
Service
93.7
98.1
97.4
93.1
102.8
ECONOMIC INDICATORS: 2007 year to date
City of Midland
2007 Totals
2006 Totals
2005 Totals
2004 Totals
2003 Totals
2002 Totals
2001 Totals
Midland County
Residential
Permits
536
467
392
287
267
245
170
Residential
Valuations
$62,695,657
$60,127,398
$47,547,406
$37,394,566
$31,567,892
$24,389,490
$18,670,935
Commercial
Permits
64
54
34
32
28
35
37
Commercial
Valuations
$189,555,988
$44,787,440
$32,635,493
$46,273,623
$19,790,935
$14,093,675
$12,956,03413
Labor Force
Employed
Unemployment Rate
71,994
71,440
70,525
69,883
69,353
68,141
2.9%
2.9%
3.4%
Pop. = 124,380
January 2008
2007 Avg.
2006 Avg.
12
13
(ACCRA Cost of Living Index, 2007)
(City of Midland, Monthly Building Permits Report, 2008)
13
Part 1 – Demographic Information
2005 Avg.
2004 Avg.
2003 Avg.
2002 Avg.
2001 Avg.
65,277
64,915
64,301
61,738
59,978
62,715
62,527
61,491
59,010
57,992
3.9%
3.7%
4.5%
4.3%
3.3%14
EDUCATION15
Pop. 3yrs.+ enrolled in
school
Nursery school, preschool
Kindergarten
Elementary: grade 1-4
Elementary: grade 5-8
High School: grade 9-12
College, undergraduate
Graduate, professional
school
Pop. 18-24 yrs.
High School Graduates
Enrolled in college or
graduate school
Number
28,250
Percent
100
1,662
1,505
6,652
7,008
6,616
4,276
531
5.9
5.3
23.5
24.8
23.4
15.1
1.9
Number
8,254
5,433
2,241
Percent
100
65.8
27.2
INCOME16
City of Midland median income
For Men
For Women
Amount in Dollars
24,950
33,888
16,797
14
(Texas Workforce Commission - Labor Market Information Department, 2008)
(U.S. Census Bureau, 2000)
16
(U.S. Census Bureau, 2006)
15
14
Part 1 – Demographic Information
ANALYSIS
Along with the current oil boom, Midland’s population has grown from 94,996,
according to the 2000 US Census, to an estimated 102,073 in 2006. With this influx of
people, the housing industry has also grown to having spent more than 62 million dollars
on new housing construction in 2007. When driving around Midland, evidence of housing
construction is seen just about everywhere. The City of Midland’s median household
income is $48,451, but is only $24,950 for the average median income. The unemployment
rate is at an all time low of 2.9%, according to the survey in January, 2008. The one
downside to this low unemployment rate is that companies are unable to find employees
because everyone who wants to work is already working.17 Only 12.6% of the population
lives below the poverty level. The high demand of housing has increased the average cost
of both renting and buying housing units in Midland and unfortunately, it is not as
affordable as it was 10 years ago. Even though the city has increased housing expenses, the
average cost of living is still lower than those of other cities in the region.
Figure 11 – The skyline of
Midland as seen from TX-349,
taken by author, April 2008
17
(Watson, 2008)
15
Part 1 – Community History
The City of Midland, part of the Permian Basin, is located in the Southern Plains of
the western area of the State of Texas. The location of Midland originated as a stop on the
stagecoach route of the Southern Overland Stage Mail Company which consisted of crosscountry bi-weekly mail and passenger transports.18 This route eventually led to the
location of the Texas Pacific Railway and eventually portions of Interstate Highway 20 and
Interstate Highway 10. In 1881, the Texas Pacific Railway built a station house at the
midpoint between Fort Worth and El Paso, Texas, which became the Midway Station. The
name of the community changed to Midland as a provision of the establishment of a post
office in 1884. The City of Midland was incorporated on July 16, 1906 and by 1914, there
were approximately 2,500 people living in Midland. Up until the 1920’s, Midland was a
small ranching and farming community when the economy boomed with the discovery of
oil and gas, bringing new jobs and establishing Midland as an economic center for
petroleum companies. During World War II, the Army Air Corps opened a bombardier
school from 1942-1945 which later evolved into Midland International Airport19. By 1940
the population had grown to 9,400 people and continued to expand through the 1960’s
with another increase in the oil industry. This increase in population continued through
the 1970’s and the beginning of the 1980’s. 1982 saw a decrease in oil prices causing the
economy to slow, leaving vacant the many new homes and offices built during the boom of
the 1970’s. Though this slouch in the economy hurt Midland temporarily, the city
continued to grow and reached 94,966, recorded by the 2000 U.S. Census. Though Midland
has diversified its economy into other industries including manufacturing oil-field
18
19
(Dunkin, Sefko & Associates, Inc.; Parkhill, Smith & Cooper, Inc., 2006)
(Escapes, 1998-2007)
16
Part 1 – Community History
equipment, fabricated metal, chemicals, plastics, electronic components, and synthetic
DNA20, it still remains a major hub for the petroleum industry today.
Figure 12 – City of Midland Map. Taken from City of Midland website – www.midlandtexas.gov
20
(Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007, 1997-2007)
17
Part 2 – Identification of Existing Resources
Midland Development Corporation is a five-member board appointed by the City Council
which administers the area’s economic development program. The corporation’s goals
include:
Keep existing jobs and businesses in Midland
Foster the expansion of existing Midland businesses
Attract target industries and businesses to Midland
Provide long-term employment opportunities for Midlanders
Promote and develop industrial and manufacturing enterprises in order to reduce
unemployment and underemployment
Promote and encourage employment and the public welfare of, for, and on behalf of
the City of Midland
Develop areas of the City of Midland that meet the City’s development objectives21
In March, the MDC approved a $275,000 agreement with a local based company, Natural
Gas Services Group, Inc., to expand its facilities. As part of the agreement, the company is
required to lease office space within the city limits for its corporate office, expand its
operations on 9.3 acres of land within the county, employ at least 10 new full-time
employees in the corporate office before 2011, employ at least 39 new full-time employees
for its operational facility before 2011, and invest at least $500,000 in purchases and
21
(Midland Development Corporation)
18
Part 2 – Identification of Existing Resources
improvements for the office facility and $4 million for the operational facility. This is just
one step in what the MDC is doing to diversify the local economy.22
Figure 13 - Midland Development Map - 2006, City of Midland website,
http://www.midlandtexas.gov/departments/development_serv/gis/maps/pdf/developmentmap.pdf
22
(Bacalso, 2008)
19
Part 2 – Identification of Existing Resources
Midland Chamber of Commerce is “in
business for business.” The Chamber
encourages the improvement of the city and
community by providing job opportunities,
networking and training opportunities and a
medium in which businesses can take
Figure 14 – Midland Chamber of Commerce Office, taken by
author, April 2008
effective action for the progress of the
community. It brings conventions and tourism to the area and seeks the improvement of
community facilities and infrastructure. The Chamber promotes why Midland is such a
great place to live, work, and do business.23
The City of Midland Development Services Department includes Code Administration,
Community Development, Engineering Services, Planning and Zoning, Transportation
Division, Traffic Engineering, Annexation Plans, and Geographic Information Systems
(GIS).24
The Code Administration Office supervises the growth and development of the
city as well as enforces various Codes and Ordinances to preserve the quality of life.
Part of the Code Administration Office is the Building Inspection Office which
reviews the plans and construction documents for all construction for code
compliance.
23
24
(Midland Chamber of Commerce)
(City of Midland, 2006)
20
Part 2 – Identification of Existing Resources
The Community Development Office’s purpose is to execute the City’s program of
housing and community development for its target neighborhoods. The primary
function is implementing the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
program and its funded programs and projects as well as similarly funded
projects.25 CDBG funds are annually awarded to the City of Midland and are used to
develop viable urban communities. These monies are used to provide decent
housing and suitable living environments to persons of low and moderate income.
Other CD funding has been provided by the State of Texas HOME Investment
Partnerships Program, the Federal Home Loan bank of Dallas, and the Midland
Housing Trust Fund.
The Design and Construction Division is responsible for the City of Midland’s
engineering. It oversees the construction of public works and the work is
compatible with the needs of the community as defined by the comprehensive plan.
This division reviews, inspects, and tests all public improvements to ensure
compliance with City standards.
The Planning Division is responsible for making recommendations to the Planning
and Zoning Commission and City Council concerning zoning matters and
development of the city. This division also works with other city development
entities to development strategies to encourage Downtown revitalization.
25
(City of Midland, 2006)
21
Part 2 – Identification of Existing Resources
The Transportation Division is responsible for the maintenance and repairs of the
streets, alley, curbs, gutters, storm sewers, and drainage channels. They also
perform street paving, sweeping and general public right-of-way cleanup.
Traffic Engineering’s responsibilities include conducting studies of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic flow and patterns, installation and maintenance of all traffic
control devises, enforcement of right-of-way and visibility sight triangle
obstructions, and traffic accident analysis. The division also approves means of
egress for all residential and commercial development.
Annexation Plan
Figure 15 - Midland Annexation Plan,
http://www.midlandtexas.gov/departments/development_serv/annex
_plans.html
22
Part 2 – Identification of Existing Resources
The Geographical Information Systems Division provides timely and accurate
geographical data, maps, and custom applications to city employees and the general
public.
The Midland Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone was created to utilize the Tax
Increment Financing development tool in the Downtown area. A TIRZ works by capturing
the tax value generated in the Zone above the base year value and reinvesting that revenue
back into public improvements within the Zone.26 The TIRZ provides financing and
management tools to help stimulate the renovation or transition of vacant and deteriorated
commercial structures, make site improvements, improve infrastructure, and encourage
the growth of retail, hotel, and residential development within the Downtown area.
The Midland Master Plan 2025 was adopted by the City of Midland
May 10, 2005 as a long range planning tool to be used by city officials
and citizens to guide the growth and development of the community.
The development elements that directly impact the growth of the
community and its desirability include, but not limited to, transportation facilities, land use,
housing, recreation areas, and public facilities. It is the purpose of this plan to guide and
reinforce the established vision of the City of Midland’s future appearance.27
26
27
(Midland TIRZ)
(Dunkin, Sefko & Associates, Inc.; Parkhill, Smith & Cooper, Inc., 2006)
23
Part 2 – Identification of Existing Resources
Midland SMART Downtown Plan, adopted May, 2007, was developed
to ensure that future Downtown Midland improvements occur with an
aesthetic and functional continuity. The plan’s objective is to assist the
city officials and other decision-makers with the preparation of real-estate strategies and
urban planning programs that will lead to a productive and well-marketed Downtown
area.28
Figure 16 – Wall Towers West building, Wall Street, taken by author April, 2008
28
(HNTB Team, 2007)
24
Part 2 – Sustainability
IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES
Keep Midland Beautiful – a program that is dedicated to the improvement of Midland
through litter prevention, waste reduction, beautification and environmental education.29
Founded in 1983, it is affiliated with Keep America
Beautiful and was originally known as Clean
Midland. KMB promotes annual events such as
Earth Day and Arbor Day, provides recycling centers
around town, offers fund-raising activities for other
Figure 17 -http://www.keepmidlandbeautiful.org/
non-profit organizations through trash pick-up, and offers an Adopt-A-Spot program to
groups who want to help the community. In 2007, KMB organized 309 cleanups, removed
346 total tons of trash/debris through cleanups, planted 102 trees at public parks,
accumulated 7,336 tons of recyclables, and many more accomplishments too numerous to
mention. On April 5, 2008, KMB organized over 3,000 volunteers to participate in the Great
American Cleanup Don’t Mess with Texas Trash Off in Midland which was close to double
the participants from last year.30
Parks and Recreation Division – The City of
Midland includes 31 neighborhood parks, 4
specialty parks, 4 community parks, 1
metropolitan park, and 1 regional park totaling
Figure 18 - Wadley-Baron Park,
http://www.midlandtexas.gov/departments/parks_recre/parks.html
29
30
(Keep Midland Beautiful Staff)
(Thurber, 2008)
25
Part 2 – Sustainability
1,172 acres of land.31 The division is charged with maintaining quality recreational
facilities and programs designed to meet the needs of Midlanders.
H-E-B – A Texas based grocery
store and a favorite in Midland
for providing quality food and
services. H-E-B, since its
inception, has been dedicated to
its commitment and
involvement in the community.
Figure 19 - H-E-B, Midland, TX, taken by author, April 2008
The grocery chain assists in community programs like Feast of Sharing Holiday Dinners,
H-E-B Food Bank Assistance Program, United Way, and the Spirit of H-E-B Trailer. H-E-B
also believes in helping the environment and promotes the concept of reduce, reuse,
recycle. The company offers E-85 fuel (85% ethanol) to its consumers along the IH-35
corridor, large Texas cities, and will be making it available to more in the future.32 One of
the biggest factors in local sustainability is that H-E-B offers local goods and produce when
available thus helping the local economy.
31
32
(City of Midland, 2006)
(H.E. Butt Grocery Company, 2001-2007)
26
Part 2 – Sustainability
EZRider – The Midland-Odessa Urban Transit District provides public transportation with
fixed-route bus service and ADA curb-to-curb service within the urbanized area of both
cities.33 The transit system allows more people to move about the city and promotes the
reduction of air pollution.
RECOMMENDATION OF NEW RESOURCES
Sustainability is a practice in economic growth that sustains a given condition
without depleting natural resources or polluting the environment. Many factors contribute
to the framework of sustainable communities such as waste, energy, water, air, built
environment, land use, transportation, agriculture, economy, fiscal management, economic
development, purchasing, utilization of assets, innovation, equity, education, health and
wellness, quality of life, cultural competence, safety and security, spirituality, and
philanthropy.34 In order for a community to sustain itself over time, it must think to the
future and practice whole-heartedly sustainable methods. As seen above, Midland is well
on its way to being a sustainable community in many ways. Community economics and
development is organized into programs and departments which strive for a better future
for the city. Many philanthropic organizations participate in bettering the community.
Public transportation is offered in all urban areas. The Master Plan 2025 calls for
revitalization and use of existing resources, a pedestrian friendly city, and beautification,
among others. Though Midland has made great strides in becoming a sustainable
community, it still could not officially be called sustainable. We, the citizens of Midland and
33
34
(EZRider staff)
(Community Sustainability Partnership, 2006-2008)
27
Part 2 – Sustainability
its city officials, still have a long road ahead to achieve such an honor. Below, I have made a
few recommendations that would push the community farther along the road to
environmentally sustainable.
Green Communities – Enterprise works with communities to develop low-income housing
for Americans and helps provide financing and expertise to community developers.
Through Enterprise’s Green Communities program, planners and developers are taught to
incorporate environmentally friendly building techniques in building low-income housing
while using sustainable materials, reducing negative environmental impacts and increase
energy efficiency. Green Communities focus on designs that promote the health and wellbeing of residents as well as locations that provide easy access to services and public
transportation. Some of the benefits of going green include healthier homes and
communities, lower energy and water costs, a stronger environment and more sustainable
cities for the future.
Green Communities offers training and events to further knowledge of applying for
funding, new building techniques, and many other sustainable subjects. Online training is
available to anyone and can register twenty minutes before a course. The training provides
steps and examples on how to make living habitats healthier, more sustainable, and how to
conserve natural resources.
Enterprise Community Investment offers Low-Income Housing Tax Credit equality
to both non-profit and for-profit developers of rental housing that generally adheres to the
Green Communities Criteria. Loans are also available for early predevelopment,
28
Part 2 – Sustainability
predevelopment, acquisition, and construction. Planning and construction grants and
charrettes grants are also available through Enterprise Community Investment.35
It is my recommendation that the City of Midland strive to become a Green
Community. According to Vicky Hailey, City Councilwoman, District Two needs more
development of low-income housing36. If building techniques were centered on the Green
Communities Criteria, the quality of life could improve in that area. Not only would it
benefit specific areas of the city, but it would increase knowledge of the benefits of an
environmentally friendly community.
Local Government Commission – The Local Government Commission, based in California,
is a non-profit organization that assists local governments in providing a healthier human
and natural environment, a more sustainable economy, an actively engaged populace, and
an equitable society. The LGC also assists the local government in developing and
implementing policies and programs that help establish these elements of livable
communities. The LGC provides customized assistance in education and training for local
officials on training staff, presentations, renewable energy, and other environmental issues.
Policy development assistance is also offered in the areas of housing policies, design
guidelines, street design and standards, non-motorized transportation policies and
measures for achieving energy efficiency and renewable energy generation.37
35
(Enterprise, 2008)
(Hailey, 2008)
37
(Local Government Commission, 2004-2008)
36
29
Part 2 – Sustainability
I recommend that Midland become a member of the Local Government Commission
to further educate the city’s officials and planners so that more sustainable features are
incorporated into the design and development of the City of Midland.
Figure 20 - Sweetwater Wind Project, Phase 2, Sweetwater, TX, taken by WD Watson, 2005
Green Power – Green power refers to electricity supplied in whole or in part from
renewable energy sources, such as wind power. The Texas Wind Industry has been
booming for several years now and shows no sign of stopping anytime soon. In 1994, wind
turbines generated approximately 4 billion kWh of electricity worldwide. In 2007, Texas
had over 3,500 megawatts of wind capacity. Wind turbines create low-cost electricity and
have less impact on air pollution and green-house gasses than from coal-fired power
30
Part 2 – Sustainability
plants. Wind turbines are modular and can be installed rapidly with minimal impact to the
local environment.38
It is my recommendation that the City of Midland educates and promotes the usage
of electric companies that provide renewable energy electricity and offer incentives for
those who utilize them.
REPRESENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS
Green Communities
Azotea Senior Apartments in
Alamogordo, New Mexico, was developed by
Tierra Realty Trust & Golden Spread Rural
Frontier Coalition. It offers 14 one- and twostory buildings containing 60 units set aside
for senior households over the age of 62.
Fully accessible and handicapped units are
Figure 21 - Azotea Senior Apartments,
http://www.greencommunitiesonline.org/projects/profiles
/Azotea2006.pdf
available in the complex. The style of the apartments is 1950’s modern stucco and
designed for neighbor interaction. Landscaping utilizes local and native foliage and is
designed to harvest rainwater from the roofs for irrigation. The complex is partnered with
the Alamogordo Senior Center to provide transportation to and from the center and
provide other services to the residents such as Meals on Wheels, housekeeping assistance,
38
(State Energy Conservation Office)
31
Part 2 – Sustainability
fitness classes, and a variety of other activities. No fees are charged to the residents for
these services. 39
Spring Terrace in Austin,
Texas, provides rental units for
recently homeless or low-income
single adults. It is a 3-story building
that was renovated to provide 140
efficiency apartments. Case
managers are on sight to help with
Figure 23 - Spring Terrace, showing rainwater cistern,
http://enterprisecommunity.buildinggreen.com/overview.cfm?ProjectID
=875
employment services, health care,
and counseling. The building team
added an 18-kilowatt photovoltaic system, which is expected to provide 3% of the
building’s electricity and a solar hot-water system that provides 21% of the hot water used
in the building.40 Use of Energy Star-rated refrigerators and freezers was also incorporated
to help with energy efficiency. The site
is located in the northeastern part of
Austin in the St. John neighborhood
which contains a mix of residential and
commercial development.
Figure 22 – Spring Terrace, showing 18-kilowatt
photovoltaic array,
http://enterprisecommunity.buildinggreen.com/overview.
cfm?ProjectID=875
39
40
(GreenCommunities, 2008)
(Enterprise, 2008)
32
Part 2 – Sustainability
Local Government Commission
Addison Circle in Addison, Texas,
is a prime example of a LGC project.
Addison, 14 miles north of Dallas, Texas,
is surrounded by freeways and connector
roads, but feels peacefully isolated within
the 70 acre site. Addison Circle was
developed to balance commercial
Figure 24 - Addison Circle, Addison, Texas,
http://www.nctcog.org/trans/sustdev/landuse/examples/Ad
dison%203.jpg
development with a new high-quality urban development, including 3,000 residences. The
program called for a place that one could work, live, play, and stay that featured a
pedestrian friendly, mixed-use environment. The plan created a new zoning classification
for the district and revised building codes to allow for construction of an urban district in a
distinctly suburban area. Two distinct districts were created to keep the area pedestrian
friendly. One consists of the neighborhood area with high-rise housing, retail, parks and
community services. The commercial district includes high-density offices, hotel, retail and
residential development. The streets are wide to allow for more pedestrian traffic and are
lined with landscaping to provide a comfortable urban experience.41
41
(Local Government Commission, 2004-2007)
33
Part 2 – Sustainability
Green Power
At this time, the State of Texas does not offer any incentives on an individual basis
for use of renewable energy; however, they do offer federal and state incentives to
corporations to help reduce the up-front cost of purchasing renewable energy systems.
Businesses that use or manufacture or install wind energy generators can receive franchise
tax deductions and/or exemptions.42 Because there is no precedence for a community
offering individual incentives for the use of renewable resources, now is the time for
Midland to step up and be a leader and example for other Texas communities to follow. By
educating the masses on the positive environmental aspects and the economical benefits of
using local wind energy, Midland would be well on its way of becoming a sustainable
community.
PROCESS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Green Communities – In order to become a Green Community, the city officials and
decision makers need to be trained in the Green Communities Criteria by participating in
the online training and events that are proffered. From there, development projects need
to be established according to the Criteria which is aligned with the LEED (Leadership in
Energy and Environment Design) and includes the following:
42
Integrated Design
Site, Location and Neighborhood Fabric
Site Improvements
(State Energy Conservation Office)
34
Part 2 – Sustainability
Water conservation
Energy Efficient
Materials Beneficial to the Environment
Healthy Living Environment
Operations and Maintenance
Once a project program is established, then application for funding can be requested
through Monica Gonzalez at the Texas Office of Enterprise Community Investment at
210.225.6969. Once the project is finished and the community sees the benefits of being
environmentally friendly, then more and more projects can be developed, if not through
Green Communities then through other such organizations.
Local Government Commission – The City of Midland and other community planners and
designers can join the Local Government Commission by filling out the membership form
and sending in the dues payment to:
Local Government Commission
1303 J. Street, Ste. 250
Sacramento, CA 95814
Ph: 916.448.1198, fax: 916.448.8246
Membership levels and dues are as follows:
Agency Membership: $600 annual dues
For Cities, Counties, and Special Districts. Entitles up to 10 elected officials and key
staff to membership benefits.
Individual Membership: $125 annual dues
For Local Elected Officials
Associate Membership: $75 annual dues
For Government Staff, Planners, Architects, Community Leaders
35
Part 2 – Sustainability
Retired Membership: $50 annual dues
For Former Local Elected Officials
Green Power – Implementation of wind energy into local practice would comprise the
following:
Lead by example – municipal buildings should relegate 75% of their energy
resources to local wind energy
Promote wind energy through marketing techniques
Create incentives for individuals and local businesses that choose electric
programs which use wind energy
Educate the public on the environmental and economical benefits of wind
energy through radio and television advertising
36
Part 2 – Conclusion
The City of Midland has weathered many recessions, the Great Depression, and
numerous oil crunches and has always come out on top. City officials are working hard to
diversify the community and be less dependent upon the oil industry. The comprehensive
plan for the future of Midland projects a stable economy, a community based city, and a hub
of both industrial and social activities. But in order for the city to be a lasting community, it
needs to adopt more sustainable techniques in its community design and development.
Midland is a great community, and with a little help, it will be even better and will continue
to grow and prosper for our children’s children and beyond.
37
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41
