Ecology
&
Evolution
Diversity
Reprod
uction
&
Develo
pment
Nutrition
Gas
Exchange
Transport
Circulation
Osmoreg
ulation &
Excretion
Nervous
System
Hormone
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
Eco & Evol 100
• The key event in the formation of a new
speciation
– Evolution of reproductive barriers
Eco & Evol 200
• The evolutionary history of a group of
organisms
– phylogeny
Eco & Evol 300
• A definition of a species based on the
ability of individuals to successfully mate
and reproduce
– Biological species concept
Eco & Evol 400
• A possible result of competition where one
species goes locally extinct
– Competitive exclusion
Eco & Evol 500
• What we call a taxon that includes a
common ancestor and all of its
descendants
– monophyletic
Diversity 100
• The Kingdom that used to include all
unicellular eukaryotes but now includes
some multicellular ones
– Kingdom Protista
Diversity 200
• The thins threads that make up the
vegetative body of a fungus
– hyphae
Diversity 300
• A characteristic common to all mammals
– Mammary glands or fur
Diversity 400
• The name given to the life cycle of plants
since they have both a multicellular
haploid phase and a multicellular diploid
phase
– Haplodiplontic life cycle or alternation of
generations
Diversity 500
• Along with a notochord, pharyngeal slits
and a post-anal tail, it is one of the 4
common characteristics of the Phylum
Chordata
– Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Reproduction & Development 100
• Another name for asexual reproduction in
plants
– Vegetative reproduction
Reproduction & Development 200
• When the sperm and the egg unite inside
of the female’s body
– internal fertilization
Reproduction & Development 300
• A series of rapid cell divisions that occurs
after fertilization in animals
– cleavage
Reproduction & Development 400
• One of the benefits of asexual
reproduction
– No mate, fast, favored in stable environments
Reproduction & Development 500
• The stage in vertebrate development
where the three germ layers form in the
embryo
– gastrulation
Nutrition 100
• A sac—like gut with only one opening
– Gastrovascular cavity
Nutrition 200
• The organ where most chemical digestion
takes place in the digestive system of
vertebrates
– Small intestine
Nutrition 300
• Two accessory glands that add secretions
to the small intestine
– Liver and pancreas
Nutrition 400
• The three most important nutrients that
plants must get from soil and the common
components of fertilizers
– Nitrogen, phosphorous & potassium
Nutrition 500
• A multi-chambered stomach that is found
is some herbivores, like the cow
– Ruminant stomach
Gas Exchange 100
• The name given to the layer of cells used
to exchange gases between the organism
and its environment
– Respiratory surface
Gas Exchange 200
• The respiratory system commonly found in
aquatic organisms
– gills
Gas Exchange 300
• The respiratory medium that makes
ventilation harder
– water
Gas Exchange 400
• The method that mammals use to ventilate
their lungs
– Negative pressure breathing
Gas Exchange 500
• The process that increases the efficiency
of gas exchange in the gills of fish
– Countercurrent exchange
Transport 100
• The name of the system of tubes that
transport water and dissolved nutrients
throughout a plant
– xylem
Transport 200
• The name of the system of tubes that
carry sap from sugar source to sugar sink
– phloem
Transport 300
• The main mechanism that causes water to
move up from the roots to the tips of a
plant
– Transpiration/cohesion
Transport 400
• The main sugar source of a plant
– leaves
Transport 500
• The waxy coating of the endodermis that
forces water and dissolved materials to
pass through a cell before entering the
vascular cylinder of a plant
– Casparian strip
Circulation 100
• A circulatory system where the fluid is
always enclosed with blood vessels
– Closed circulatory system
Circulation 200
• The number of chambers in the heart of an
amphibian
– three
Circulation 300
• The number of capillary beds a red blood
cell would pass through in a mammal from
when it leaves the heart to when it returns
to the heart
– one
Circulation 400
• The chamber in the heart of mammals that
pumps blood through the systemic circuit
– Left ventricle
Circulation 500
• Known as the pacemaker of the heart, this
is the node that initiates the signal that
causes the heart to beat
– Sinoatrial node
Osmoregulation & Excretion 100
• The vertebrate organs where urine is
produced
– kidneys
Osmoregulation & Excretion 200
• The nitrogenous waste that is the most
efficient to excrete and is excreted by
marine invertebrates
– ammonia
Osmoregulation & Excretion 300
• The portion of the nephron that is
responsible for water reabsorption
– Loop of Henle
Osmoregulation & Excretion 400
• The hormone that is produced when the
blood concentration or osmolality
increases and your body needs to
conserve water
– ADH Anti-Diuretic Hormone
Osmoregulation & Excretion 500
• The excretory organs of insects
– Malpighian Tubules
Nervous 100
• The cells that actually conduct nerve
impulses
– neurons
Nervous 200
• The name of the series of events that is
the actual nerve impulse
– Action potential
Nervous 300
• When the membrane potential of a neuron
becomes more negative
– hyperpolarization
Nervous 400
• The chemicals that carry the nerve
impulse signal across a chemical synapse
– neurotransmitters
Nervous 500
• The jumping motion that describes the
way a nerve impulse travels down a
myelenated axon.
– Saltatory conduction
Hormones 100
• The glands in animals that secret
hormones
– Endocrine glands
Hormones 200
• The cells that have receptors for a given
hormone and will therefore be affected by
the hormone
– Target cells
Hormones 300
• The plant hormone that is responsible for
phototropism
– auxin
Hormones 400
• The gland in humans that has both
endocrine and exocrine function
– pancreas
Hormones 500
• The hormone that increases blood glucose
concentration when it is too low
– glucagon