Change Over Time
Lesson on Earth’s Landforms
llhammon
The Forces
Natural Forces from inside the Earth
Process: Tectonic Activity
Natural Forces on the surface of
the Earth
Process:
Weathering
Process: Wind
(deposition)
Process: Erosion
Process:
Water
(deposition)
Process: Ice
(and gravity)
Weathering is the chemical and physical processes that change the characteristics of
rocks on the Earth’s surface. It is also known (AKA) as the preparation for erosion. In
order for weathering to occur, the environment of a rock sample must change and the
rock needs to be exposed to some form of water and the air. Human processes such as
pollution, which can be a large factor in acid rain, along with the acts of other living
organisms, can cause chemical weathering to occur at faster rates.
Weathering - the various mechanical and chemical processes that
cause exposed rock to decompose; or the erosion or breakdown
of rock into smaller fragments by natural physical agents with no
chemicals involved; also called Desintigration.
Soil Horizons
It is C horizon (parent material and rock) where the weathering can
occur.
USGS
In your geographic dictionary write the
definition and sketch for each landform.
For the sentence section use the
example provided.
The definition is in BLACK.
The cause is in RED.
The example is in YELLOW.
Strait – where
2 landmasses
almost meettectonic
activity
(not Atlas!)
Strait of
Gibraltar
Between the
continents of
Europe and
Africa
Photo - NASA
Peninsula - a landmass surrounded by water on 3
sides– Florida at night - USA
Photo - NASA
NGS
Volcano-Erosion – wind – Devil’s Tower, Wyoming - USA
Volcanic mountain – tectonic activity – Mt. Fuji – Japan
Folded mountains – tectonic activity – Appalachians –
East coast United States
NGS
Rift –a section of the Earth that has opened– tectonic
activity – Great Rift Valley – Eastern coast of African
continent
NGS
Canyon – a deep narrow depression in the Earth’s surface,
aka, gorge-Erosion – water – Grand Canyon - USA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpEIUSWFdbY
Lava fall video 3 minutes
NGS
Dome mountain - wind /originally tectonic activity –
Uluru (Ayers Rock) Outback of Australia
Dome Mountain (tectonic activity) – Enchanted Rock –
near Fredericksburg, Texas
Sand Dunes- Erosion – wind – – Sahara – North Africa
NGS
Island a
landmass
surrounded by
water on all
sides– Volcanic –
Tectonic Activity
–
Large Island of
Hawaii – KONA
USA
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=6J6X9PsA
R5w
Kilauea eruption
3 minutes
NASA
Glacier -body of ice that forms where the accumulation of snow
exceeds its a(melting capacity) over many years– ice/gravityPatagonia
NASA
Fault-where 2 tectonic plates (tectonic activity)
Andes Mountains South America
Andes
NASA
Butte –isolated hill with steep sides aka (mesa)
Erosion – wind Monument Valley – Utah, USA
NGS
Delta – where a
river empties
into the oceanDeposition –
water –
Mississippi
River Delta –
Louisiana - USA
NASA
NASA
Nile River
Delta - Deposition – water – Nile River Delta – Egypt - Africa
NASA
River- a
natural water
source that
flows towards
the ocean Water –
Amazon River,
Brazil – South
America
NASA
Gulf -a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by
land, with a narrow mouth. – Gulf of Mexico –
Western Hemisphere
Rand McNally
Atoll – A ring-shaped reef, island, or chain of islands
formed of coral-originally tectonic –volcanic island that
sinks.
Atafu Atoll-Tokelau Islands S. Pacific
NASA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGKUCPyzTYM
Aerial shot of the Blue hole in Belize, show only 2 minutes
Isthmus -a narrow strip of land with sea on either side,
forming a link between two larger areas of land – Gulf
of Tehuantepec - Mexico
NASA
Peninsula -piece of land almost surrounded by water or
projecting out into a body of water.– Iberian - Europe
NASA
Fjord - a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between
high cliffs- Erosion - Glacial movement (ice)-Norway
fjords
http://www.y
outube.com/
watch?v=3C
s-zZ0Qu5Y
NGS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AImP8CvPjd8
Live fjord flying
Fault-block Mountains – Tectonic Activity
Sierra Nevada - California
(V shaped valley ) Erosion –water- Formed by river
Cirque, Oregon
Bay –a broad inlet
of the sea where
the land curves
inward
Chesapeake Bay –
East coast United
States
NASA
Glacier -Erosion – ice
Tierra del Fuego, Chile
NGS
Glacial movement – Ice - Great Lakes - USA
NASA
Plateau-An area of fairly level high ground- Erosion
(wind) - Colorado Plateau - USA
Barrier Island -a long narrow sandy island (wider
than a reef) running parallel to the shore
Deposition – water- South Padre Island
NASA
U-shaped valley- carved by a glacial erosion,
Little Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Utah.