
Watch carefully and count the number of
passes thrown by the people in white shirts.


Neisser’s study
Selective attention (we sense, but what do we
perceive?)
Bottom-up vs. top down
processing
What does
this picture
show?
Random
dots???
Still can’t see it?
Here’s some help.
“The Forest Has Eyes”

Video: Discovering Psychology #7

Absolute threshold

Signal detection theory


Difference threshold (JND – just noticeable
difference)
Weber’s Law (JND increases in proportion to
size of stimulus)



light intensity - 8%
weight - 2%
tone frequency - 0.3%


Sensory adaptation – diminishing sensitivity to
stimuli
Example: Motion blindness and a second example


Video – The Mind #9
Blindsight – Milner (the zombie within)
Vision – the eye
Normal focus
Acuity sharpness of vision
Farsightedness
Nearsightedness
Blind spot
Receptors in the Human Eye
Cones
Rods
Number
6 million
120 million
Location in
retina
Center
Periphery
Sensitivity in
dim light
Low
High
Color sensitive?
Yes
No

Feature detectors - #8
Can a computer help a blind person
see again? Cybersenses
Parallel Processing The Brain #9.
Visual Information Processing:
Perception
Color vision:
Wavelength
(hue)
amplitude
(intensity)
Visual information processing
color vision
Trichromatic (three color) Theory
Young and Helmholtz – red, green, blue receptors
Opponent-Process Theory
Certain receptors are excited by blue, inhibited by
yellow (explains afterimages)
Others excited by green, inhibited by red
Can’t see bluish-yellow or reddish-green
Opponent process - afterimage effect
Opponent process - afterimage effect
Opponent process - afterimage effect
Another example of opponent process vision




Decibels
Amplitude = loudness
Frequency = pitch
Sound localization
Lower
pitch
Higher
pitch


Place theory (high-beginning, low-end)
Frequency theory




Volley principle
Conduction hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Sensory compensation

Cybersenses
Pressure
Cold
Warmth
Living without touch
(proprioception)
Pain



Gate-control theory
Nociceptors
Phantom limb pain


Video #20
Pain pathways

Treatment helps
prevent pathways
from forming
+ umami
Synaesthesia
McGurk effect



In contrast to vision (basically 4 types of
receptors), smell has about 1,000 different
receptors.
Message does NOT go to thalamus.
Pheromones


Kinesthesis
Vestibular sense
You should see a
man's face and also a
word...
Hint: Try tilting your
head to the right, the
word begins with 'L'
Figure - ground
Perceptual organization
Visual capture
Cocktail party effect
Inattentional blindness change blindness
Perception – Gestalt rules
Here’s an example
Blotted letters

Let’s blow our minds:

Spinning woman

Retinal disparity (finger sausage)

Convergence

Magic Eye
Another
example
Monocular cues
Linear perspective, relative height, relative brightness, texture gradient

Dali’s 30 meter painting

Contrast gain control

Motion aftereffect
Perceptual organizationMotion perception
 Phi phenomenon
 Ex. Marquee lights seen as one light
moving
 Stroboscopic movement
 Rapid series of slightly varying images
seen as movement (flip book, cartoon)
WertheimerKoffka Ring
Adelson’s checkershadow illusion
Let’s try this
example too
People raised in
cities more
susceptible to
this illusion
Object of more than 1250 scientific publications





Size
Shape
Distance
Brightness
Table illusion
Sensory restrictionBlakemore & Cooper, 1970
 Kittens raised
without exposure to
horizontal lines later
had difficulty perceiving
horizontal bars.
Can you find the C?
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
Find the 6!
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999699999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMNMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMM
Find the N

Punctuate and explain the meaning of the
following:


Time flies I cant theyre too fast
Pronounce the following:
MACDONALD
 MACHENRY
 MACMAHON
 MACHINERY

Perceptual set - schemas
Perceptual adaptation - A World Upside Down
The Brain #10. Perception: Inverted Vision
and goggle activity
Perceptual set (link)
Perceptual set - schemas
Flying Saucers or Clouds?
About human factors
****A mop sink
****How do you open the drawer?
****There’s coffee on your nose


Extrasensory perception (ESP)
Parapsychology
Telepathy
 Clairvoyance
 Precognition –
 Psychokinesis –
 Ganzfeld procedure
