The Impact on the Internet Economy
from Gigabit Ethernet and Beyond
APRICOT 2001
Randall Atkinson
Senior Scientist, Extreme Networks
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Global Internet is Changing Everything!!!
Ethernet/Fast Ethernet
Desktop
Multiple
Information Sources
E-Commerce
ATM FDDI
Segment
Web Publishing
Networked Storage
MAN
Streaming Video/Audio
Intranets
Voice Over IP
Core Routers
or Switches
Data Center
Unpredictable Traffic
Internet
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Layer 3 Switching - L4-7 QoS
Network Infrastructure Requirements
Performance, Control, and Scalability
LAN, MAN, WAN support, Ethernet, POS, WDM, VDSL...
Integrated Server Load Balancing, Security, etc.
Bandwidth Allocation and Management - QoS
Traffic Classification & Prioritization - QoS
Non-Blocking Architecture
Wire-Speed Switching & Routing
Layer 3 Switching
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The Increasing Role of Ethernet
2001/2002
WAN
Level
WAN
Access
Services
Wide Area
Core
Connectivity
Wide Area
TDM
Connection
10,000 Mbps
10 Gigabit
Ethernet
1999/2000
MAN
Level
Metro
Network
Metro
Network
1000 Mbps
Gigabit
Ethernet
1997/1999
Backbone
Switch
Backbone
Level
Workgroup
Level
Workgroup
Switch
Enterprise
Router
1000 Mbps
Gigabit
Ethernet
1970’s/1996s
Servers
Desktop
Switch
10/100 Mbps
Ethernet
Desktop
Level
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IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet
• Motivation:
– Leverage success and scalability of Ethernet
– Opportunity to converge Ethernet with Optical Networking
1999
HSSG
2000
802.3ae
Started
1st
Draft
2001
2nd
Draft
Working
Group
Ballot
2002
3rd 4th
Draft Draft
Sponsor
Ballot
Standard
Approval
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802.3ae 10GE Objectives -- Compatibility
• Objectives for Ethernet compatibility:
– Preserve the Ethernet/802.3 frame format at the MAC Client
Interface
– Preserve the minimum and maximum frame size of the current
802.3 standard
– Support full duplex operation only
– Support star-wired local area networks using point-to-point links
and structured cabling topologies
– Support 802.3ad Link Aggregation
• In other words:
– Ensure compatibility with previous generations of Ethernet by
preserving the MAC interface, frame format, and frame size
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802.3ae 10GE Objectives -- Physical Layer
• Objectives for native-Ethernet and SONETfriendly physical layers:
– Support an optional Media Independent Interface (MII).
– Support a speed of 10.000 Gb/s at the MAC/PLS service
interface.
– Define two families of PHYs:
• A LAN PHY operating at a data rate of 10.000 Gb/s.
• A WAN PHY operating at a data rate compatible with
the payload rate of OC-192c/SDH VC-4-64c
– Define a mechanism to adapt the MAC/PLS data rate to
the data rate of the WAN PHY.
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LAN PHY vs. WAN PHY
• Ethernet PHY - connects media to MAC
– PCS (Physical Coding Sublayer)
• e.g., 64b/66b coding, serializer and multiplexing
functions
– PMD (Physical Media Dependent)
• e.g., optical transceivers
• LAN PHY vs. WAN PHY
– Operate over common PMDs
– WAN PHY includes a simplified SONET/SDH framer
• Simplified - reject conformance to SONET/SDH jitter,
clock, etc.
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Optical Transceivers (PMD types)
PMD
Fiber Supported Diameter Minimum Distance
850nm serial
Multimode
50.0
At least 65m
1310nm WWDM
Multimode
62.5
At least 300m
Single Mode
9.0
At least 2 km, 10 km
1310nm serial
Single Mode
9.0
At least 2 km, 10 km
1550nm serial
Single Mode
9.0
At least 40 km
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Ethernet Changes Everything
• Familiar technology and environment
– Ethernet ‘end-to-end’
• Inherently scalable technology
Ethernet
10 Mbs
SONET/SDH
100 Mbs
1 Gbs
10 Gbs
OC3
OC12
OC48
OC192
(155 Mbs) (622 Mbs) (2.4 Gbs) (9.6 Gbs)
• Unmatched value proposition for data-optimized MANs
– 1/5 the cost for equivalent bandwidth
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Technology Comparison Summary
Pro’s
Con’s
SDH/SONET
Ethernet
– Reliability
– Guaranteed QoS
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
– Variable latency
– (Distance limitations)
– Traditionally LAN focused
Voice centric
Inefficient data transport
Expensive
Complex
Lots of capacity and speed
Low-cost
Ubiquitous
Ease of use
Data-optimized
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Quality of Service
Voice
Data
Video
TDM
Switch
• SONET/SDH well known for QoS
– Guaranteed Bandwidth
– Fixed latency
• By reserving transmission time (timeslots)
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SONET/SDH style QoS for Ethernet
• Reserve transmission timeslots
– Classify by 802.1p/Q, DiffServe, TCP/UDP session, protocol,
subnet etc
• Rate shape (police) incoming traffic
• Manage the Bandwidth
– Bits/bytes per second
– NOT packets/second – that’s CoS
– Rate shaping (Policing)
• Latency/jitter reduction
– IP-TDM
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Bandwidth by the Slice
Bi-directional
Min 15Mb/s Subnet X
Max 30Mb/s Diffserve
Min 5Mb/s VoIP
• Committed Information Rate (CIR) -type services for
Ethernet
• Bi-direct rate shaping
– Control traffic on Egress
– Police traffic on Ingress
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IP TDM: Reducing Jitter
Data
Data
Voice
TDM
Switch
Unacceptable latency
variation (jitter)
Data
Data
Voice
Ethernet
Switch
No IP-TDM
Data
Data
Voice
Ethernet
Switch
w/ IP-TDM
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Applications
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Municipal Metropolitan Area Network
City Hall
Police Stations
Water Treatment
Plant
Libraries
Fire Stations
•
•
•
•
•
Public Work
Offices
City of Hillsboro (USA)
City of Ann Arbor (USA)
City of Tento (Italy)
City of Leuven (Belgium)
City of Stockholm (Sweden)
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Telco Metropolitan Area Network
 KORNET, "the KORea-telecom interNET",
 1st Commercial Internet Service Network in Korea since 1994
 More than 110 Extreme Networks’ BlackDiamond switches in MAN
 Applications: GigaPOP, Core Backbone, Internet Data Centers
Oversea Network
Service
Oversea Connection
Leased Line
PSTN / ISDN
IDC
VPN
High Speed
Internet Service
ADSL
B&A
China
Thailand
Hong Kong
Singapore
Indonesia
Web Hosting
Co-Location
U.S.A
Japan
Taiwan
Total: Up to 700M
Satellite
B-WLL
Australia
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Lit Building - Multi-Tenant Units by BLECs
Customer Premise
•
•
•
•
•
Internet
Access
Transparent
LAN Services
On-site Access (USA)
Broadband Office (USA)
Intellispace (USA)
Eureka Broadband (USA)
WizNet (Canada)
VPN Service
Voice
A
xx
x
200-240
100-120
V
zH
05
06
60
50
Hz
V
0 2 1- 0 0 1
0 4 2- 0 0 2
x
xx
A
A
xx
x
200-240
100-120
V
zH
05
06
60
50
Hz
V
0 2 1- 0 0 1
0 4 2- 0 0 2
x
xx
A
warD elddiM
rewop
rotcennoc
warD elddiM
rewop
rotcennoc
Ethernet Ring
TMGM
Video
Services
74.0
Storage Area
Network
….Other
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Residential MAN - Multi-tenant Dwellings
Wide Area
Network
• Nordic
• e.g., City of Orebro, Sweden
Metropolitan
Area
Network
Multi Tenant
Dwellings
Multi-tenant
Dwellings
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Internet Exchange - ISP/ICP Peering Services
MAGIE (Houston, U.S.A.), LINX (London, U.K.)
ICP 3
ISP E
ISP A
ICP 2
Internet
ISP B
ISP C
ISP D
ICP 1
ISP/ICP Peering Services
ISP-Internet Service Provider
ICP-Internet Content Provider
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Yipes Regional Area Gigabit Network
Yipes Metropolitan Fiber
Network
Yipes GigaPOPs
100 Mbps
Connection to Level 3
Public Peering at CIX at 100
Mbps (UUNet, Sprint, MCI, etc.)
Private Peering at PAIX at 100
Mbps
DS-3 Connection to UUNet and
Level 3
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Cable Television MAN - Broadband IP Services
Nanjing CATV Network
100M
1G
1G
100M
2G
1G
100M
2G
2G
100M
100M
2G
100M
1G
1G
1G
100M
1G
100M
100M
100M
100M
100M
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Thank you !
www.extremenetworks.com
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