Review for Unit 2: Bioenergetics
Enzymes
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Free energy
1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics
Food web/food pyramid
Function/structures (levels of structure, types of bonding within enzyme and in
enzyme/substrate complex, denature – what happens and what bonds are broken)
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Kinase vs. phosphatase – turn proteins “on/off” by turning to active or inactive form by
adding/taking away of phosphate by changing charge and consequently active site
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Calculating rate of reaction and what would we need to measure the appearance/disappearance
of
Optimal rate: temperature, pH, salinity (effect on rate and enzyme structure)
Graphs – activation energy (and change in free energy), rxn rate vs. substrate concentration as
well as product formed vs. time (stress that these 2 look similar but are saying completely
different things – look at what is being measured. Rate shows the saturation point and product
formed is saying all the product has been made), rxn rate vs # of enzymes, optimal rates (pH,
temp, salinity)
Photosynthesis
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Calculating rate of reaction and what would we need to measure the appearance/disappearance
of
Equation – What is oxidized, reduced, oxidizing agent, reducing agent
absorbance / reflection of different wavelengths
o Reasoning for absorbing multiple wavelengths? 2 photosystems and multiple pigments
(revisit chromatography)
o pH lab bench – dye reduction – Explain what we saw
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Light reaction versus Calvin Cycle
o purpose of both
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location of both
 reasoning for grana (surface area)
overall reaction for both
Cellular respiration
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Calculating rate of reaction and what would we need to measure the appearance/disappearance
of
Equation – What is oxidized, reduced, oxidizing agent, reducing agent
Plants do cellular respiration as well. Why?
pH lab bench lab (germinating peas) - explain what we saw
glycolysis, Kreb’s, oxidative phosphorylation
o purpose of all
o location of all
o
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 reasoning for cristae?
overall reaction for all
Utilization of proteins and lipids
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Fermentation
o Purpose?
o Types?
ATP structure and function