Ionic/Covalent Compounds
Characteristics
& Counting Atoms/Molecules
Ionic Compounds
• We already learned that ionic compounds are
formed from 1 atom on the left and 1 atom on
the right of the staircase on the Periodic Table
getting together.
• Hundreds of compounds contain ionic bonds
Ionic compounds
• If ionic bonds occur between metals and
oxygen, oxides form.
• Most other ionic compounds are called salts.
Ionic Compounds
• Many ionic compounds are binary (have 2
elements only)
• Binary compounds = 1 cation (positive ion) and 1
anion (negative ion)
• Cation = Loses electron
• Anion = Gains electron
Example
• CaF2 = (Calcium = +2 charge ………………. (+2)
•
(Fluoride = -1 charge …..-1 +-1 … (-2)
Net: 0
Ionic compounds
• Form repeating patterns that form an ionic
crystal….called a lattice crystal. (the cube)
• NaCl (Salt) is what shape under a microscope?
Ionic bonds
• Ionic bonds = Very strong…….hard to
break….takes a lot of energy to break them.
• Ionic bonds = high melting points and high
boiling points because it is hard to break the
bonds and bonds must be broken to melt and
to boil…….
Ionic Compounds
• In solid state….they are nonconductors of
electricity…..because ions are fixed in solids
and can’t move
• When dissolved into liquid…….electricity will
go through them…..because ions are free to
move……these liquids are called electrolytes
Counting Atoms and Molecules
• 2NaCl
• How many Na atoms?
• How many Chlorine atoms?
• How many NaCl compounds?
Counting Atoms and Molecules
• 2NaCl
Counting Atoms and Molecules
• 2NaCl
• How many NaCl compounds? 2
• How many Na atoms?
• How many Chlorine atoms?
Counting Atoms and Molecules
• 2NaCl
• How many NaCl compounds? 2
• How many Na atoms?
2
• How many Chlorine atoms?
Counting Atoms and Molecules
• 2NaCl
• How many NaCl compounds? 2
• How many Na atoms?
2
• How many Chlorine atoms?
2
Guided Practice #1
• 3 CO2
• How many carbon atoms?
• How many oxygen atoms?
• How many molecules of CO2?
Guided Practice #1
• 3 CO2
• How many molecules of CO2? 3
• How many carbon atoms?
• How many oxygen atoms?
Guided Practice #1
• 3 CO2
• How many molecules of CO2? 3
• How many carbon atoms?
• How many oxygen atoms?
Guided Practice #1
• 3 CO2
• How many molecules of CO2?
• How many carbon atoms?
• How many oxygen atoms?
3
3
Guided Practice #1
• 3 CO2
• How many molecules of CO2?
• How many carbon atoms?
• How many oxygen atoms?
3
3
6
Guided Practice #2
• Ionic compounds have
____________ melting points
and ____________ boiling points.
Guided Practice #2
• Ionic compounds have HIGH
melting points and HIGH boiling
points.
Guided Practice 3#
• 5 KBr
• How many molecules of KBr=
• How many K atoms=
• How many Br atoms =
Guided Practice #3
• 5 KBr
Guided Practice #3
• 5 KBr
• How many molecules of KBr= 5
• How many K atoms=
• How many Br atoms =
Guided Practice #3
• 5 KBr
• How many molecules of KBr= 5
• How many K atoms=
• How many Br atoms =
Guided Practice #3
• 5 KBr
• How many molecules of KBr= 5
• How many K atoms= 5
• How many Br atoms =
Guided Practice #3
• 5 KBr
• How many molecules of KBr= 5
• How many K atoms= 5
• How many Br atoms = 5
Guided Practice #4
• Oxides are formed when metals
come together with
_______________.
Guided Practice #4
• Oxides are formed when metals
come together with Oxygen.
Independent Practice
• Now it is your turn…..feel free to ask any
questions whenever you are confused.