Office on Violence Against Women
ELDER ABUSE TRAINING
FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT
Advocacy in Action April 2014
Welcome
2
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Manny Overby, Instructor - New Mexico Department
of Public Safety – Advanced Training Bureau
Susan l. Stinson, Assistant District Attorney – First
Judicial District Attorney's Office
David Murphy, Assistant District Attorney - First
Judicial District Attorney's Office
Peggy Lucero Gutierrez, LISW – Deputy Division
Director - Adult Protective Services
Katie Bridgewater – New Mexico Coalition of Sexual
Assault Programs
Abuse in Later Life
3
Age: 50+
 Gender: Female and male
 Relationship: Ongoing with expectation of trust
 Forms: Physical, emotional and sexual abuse,
neglect, financial exploitation and abandonment

Elder Abuse Training
4
Created by:
U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence
Against Women (OVW)
 Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)
 National Clearinghouse on Abuse in Later Life
(NCALL)

Training Goals
5
As a result of this training, you will be able to:


Identify forms of elder abuse
Describe factors that influence an elder abuse
investigation
Key Training Points
6
Focus on victim safety
 Be aware of and avoid assumptions
 Recognize abuser tactics
 Work collaboratively
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Group Agreements
7
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Cell phones off
Participate fully and respect others
Share the work and group presentations
Others?
Introductions
8
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Name
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Department
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Years of experience
Broken Trust: Dot
Maine Public Broadcasting Network
9
Dot’s Case
10
Agencies Involved
 Social worker: Met Dot at a mental health agency
 Health care: For in-home rehab
 Law Enforcement
 Bank: Dot’s daughter’s friend worked at the bank
Not Involved
 APS: Never contacted
Dot’s Case: Outcome
11
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Social worker: Provided support
Health care: Knew of abuse but did not report or help
Law Enforcement:
 Interviewed Dot in her daughter’s presence
 Told her how lucky she was to have a daughter who
kept her at home rather than in a nursing home
 No charges, investigation or prosecution
Bank: Helped the daughter get her name on Dot’s
accounts
Result: Dot lost everything including her home.
Elder Abuse: Under the Radar
For every one case of elder abuse
that comes to the attention of a
responsible entity. . .
1
another twenty three cases
never come to light.
23
Source: NYS Elder Abuse Prevalence Study; Weill Cornell Medical College, NYC Department for the Aging; Lifespan; (2011)
Slide courtesy of Life Long Justice
12
U.S. POPULATION AGE 65 AND OLDER IS ON THE RISE
1990-2050
Number of People (millions)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
Year
30
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Year
Source:
U.S. Census Bureau population estimates.
13
Slide courtesy of Life Long Justice
14
Dynamics of Elder Abuse
Overview
What is Elder Abuse?
15
When an older adult experiences:
 Physical abuse
 Sexual abuse
 Emotional abuse
 Neglect
 Financial exploitation
(Any of the above may co-occur with each other)
Statutes and Laws on Elder Abuse
16

Sentencing Enhancement within Hate Crime Act

NMSA 1978, section 31-18B-3

When a separate finding of fact by the court or jury
shows beyond reasonable doubt that an offender
committed a noncapital felony motivated by hate, the
basic sentence of imprisonment prescribed for the offense
in Section 31-18-5 NMSA 1978 may be increased by one
year.
Statutes and Laws on Elder Abuse
17
Section 31-18B-2 As used in Hate Crimes Act:


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A. “age” means sixty years of age or older
B. “motivated by hate” means the commission of a
crime with the intent to commit the crime because of the
actual or perceived race, religion, color, national origin,
ancestry, age, handicapped status, gender, sexual
orientation or gender identity of the victim, whether or
not the offender’s belief or perception was correct
Who are Victims of Elder Abuse?
18
Age: 60 and older
 Gender: Majority of victims are female; but
also older males

Older Adults in Our Community
19
NM Adult Protective Services identifies an
adult as any person 18 years or older.
 For purposes of this training “elder” is defined
as Age: 60 and older.
 Gender: Majority of victims are female; but
also older males

Who Commits Elder Abuse?
20
Intimate partners
 Adult children and other family members
 Caregivers
 Others in positions of authority

For this training, this definition excludes
victimization by strangers.
Where Does Elder Abuse Occur?
21
Private residences
 Public settings
 Facility settings
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Victim Indicators
22
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Shows unexplained or sudden changes in behavior
Is afraid to speak in the presence of the offender
Is isolated
Signs of being restrained
Infections, pain, or bleeding in genital areas
Under or overmedicating an older adult
Leaving an older adult in feces, urine
Important possessions, documents, or credit cards
are missing
Suspect Indicators
23
Provides conflicting explanations about the
older adult’s injuries
 Isolates older adult
 Controls and dominates the older adult
 Portrays self as victim or the only caring person
in older adult’s life
 May be charming and helpful toward
professionals

Environmental Indicators
24
Strong odors of urine and or feces
 Lack of food
 Locks outside of doors (to lock older individual
in a room)
 Damage to home caused by abusive behavior
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25
Dynamics of Elder Abuse
Why does elder abuse occur and persist?
How Are Older People Harmed?
26
Accidents
 Well-intended caregivers
 By persons with physical/mental health
conditions who can’t control aggressive
behavior
 Elder abuse (intent)

Why Does Elder Abuse Occur & Persist?
27
Greed
 Power and control
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Power and Control
28
Threatens
 Isolation
 Use of privilege
 Use of family member
 Power and control in the center of the wheel
 Physical and sexual abuse on the outer rim

Abuse Later in Life Power and Control
29
Targets vulnerabilities and neglects
 Denies access to spirituality and traditional
events and ridicules personal and cultural
values
 Emotional abuse and psychological abuse
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Abuser Behaviors
30
Abusers often:
 Lie
 Manipulate
 Charm
 Justify their behavior
 Blame the victim and others
Common Abuser Justifications
31
Blames the Victim
 “She’s clumsy.” (accident)
 “She didn’t do what I wanted.” (victim’s
behavior)
 “She started it.” (mutual abuse)
 “He hit me when I was a child.” (learned
behavior)
Common Abuser Justifications
32
Abuser Excuses
“I have a problem with my temper.” (anger)
 “I was drunk or high.” (substance abuse
problem)
 “I’m sick. It’s not my fault.” (physical or mental
health issue)
 “In my culture, elders share their resources.”
(culture)
 “He is too difficult to care for.” (caregiver
stress)

Caregiver Stress
33
Emotions and feelings that some caregivers
experience while assisting a person with medical
needs or disabilities.
Providing Care Can be Stressful
34
Sometimes the stress is overwhelming and may
cause distress.
 Signs of caregiver distress: overeating, lack of
sleep, depression, substance abuse etc.
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Caregiver Stress and Abuse
35
Early research was based on abuser’s selfreports.
 Subsequent research states caregiver stress is
not the primary cause of elder abuse.

Reframing Caregiver Stress and Abuse
36
Everyone experiences stress but most do not
abuse.
 Abusers target only the older adult – not
others.
 Abusers often use caregiver stress as an excuse
to create sympathy for themselves.

Outcomes if Abusers’ Justifications are
Believed Without Further Investigation
37
Offenders are not held accountable.
 Message to abusers – do whatever you want
with no consequences.
 Providing abusers with services to address
stress, anger, or substance abuse does not deal
with power and control or greed.
 Victims may not reach out for help again.
 Victim safety is not addressed.
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38
Factors Affecting Elder Abuse Investigations
Overview
Remember Safety
39
Do not discount danger level.
 Older adults may be violent, living with violent
people, or have vicious animals.
 Weapons may be present.
 Residences may be unsafe or hazardous.
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Unattended Death
40
Do not assume death is result of natural causes
or accidental because victim is older adult or
death certificate has been signed.
 Investigate as homicide until evidence proves
otherwise.
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Factors Affecting Elder Abuse
Investigations
41
Common issues: time, resources, evidence
 Concurrent investigations
 Communication with older adults
 Challenges older victims face when seeking
safety & justice
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42
Factors Affecting Elder Abuse Investigations
Concurrent investigations
Who Might be Involved
43

Faith
Leaders
Adult
Protective
Agencies
Private Law Firm
Advocates
Health
Professionals
Ombudsman
Aging
Network
Friends
Family
Other Potential Investigations
44
Private law firms and legal services programs
 In facilities:

State and local licensing and regulation agencies
 Ombudsman
 Federal agencies
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Adult Protective Services (APS)
New Mexico-Adult Protective Services
45
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APS Act (27-7-14 NMSA 1978)
Investigate allegations of abuse, neglect and/or
exploitation of incapacitated adults (age 18 and over).
System in place to receive and investigate reports
24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
When necessary provide short-term services to address
current issues and reduce risk of future abuse, neglect or
exploitation.
APS Information
46
Adult Protective Services Intake
(Aging & Long-Term Services Department, ALTSD
2550 Cerrillos Road, Santa Fe, NM 87508)
1-866-654-3219
Receives & investigates reports of adult abuse,
neglect or exploitation on a 24 hour-a day, 7 day-a
week basis state wide.
Mandatory Reporting
47
NM is a state where a report of elder abuse is
mandated bylaw to report:
(Adult Protective Services Act section 27-7-30)
Duty to report, misdemeanor:
“Any person who reasonably believes that an
incapacitated adult is being abused, neglected or
exploited must immediately report that information
to the New Mexico Department of Aging and LongTerm Services.”
Risks of Concurrent Investigations
48
Evidence may be destroyed or compromised.
 Victims and suspects may give different,
conflicting information in multiple interviews.
 If professionals don’t know about other
investigations, it could be confusing to victims
and suspects.
 Older victims may end up being interviewed
multiple times and be re-traumatized.

Ways to Avoid Problems with Concurrent
Investigations
49
Create protocols and policies for letting other
agencies know about elder abuse
investigations.
 Provide cross-training among staff that may
conduct investigations.
 Conduct joint interviews and investigations
when possible.
 Participate on multidisciplinary teams.
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Benefits of Concurrent Investigations
50
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It may be possible to gather more information for
multiple investigations.
APS may be able to gather information without a
subpoena.
APS may get different information.
More resources may available if multiple agencies
are involved.
51
Factors Affecting Elder Abuse Investigations
Communicating with older individuals
Factors to Consider When Interviewing
Older Individuals
52
Individual variables (age, race, ethnic
background, education level, sexual
orientation, socioeconomic status, etc.)
 Physical abilities
 Cognitive abilities
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Individual Variables
53
Officers’ perceptions
 Older individuals’ perceptions of law
enforcement
 Communication or actions may be misunderstood
or misinterpreted
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Keep Communication Barriers in Mind
54
May not speak or read English
 May not read or write
 May be Deaf
 May need assistive devices to communicate

Strategies: Individual Variables
55
Avoid making assumptions based on age, race,
ethnic background or sexual identity.
 Respect cultural traditions as much as possible.
 Recognize gender of officer may make a
difference when talking to some victims and
suspects.

Remember…
56
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Many older adults are in good health and do
not have physical or cognitive disabilities that
significantly impact their lives or a law
enforcement investigation.
That said, be aware of possible physical or
cognitive limitations that may have an impact
on your investigation.
Interviewing: Physical Limitations
57
May need glasses, hearing aids, or other
equipment to complete interview
 May need assistance with getting to and from
interviews (e.g. wheelchairs, walkers)
 May need to eat, take medications and/or rest
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Interviewing: Cognitive Limitations
58
Victims may be discounted if:
 Statements are not consistent
 They appear confused
 They have difficulty recalling events
 They may take longer to respond
 They have a diagnosed medical condition like
dementia or other cognitive limitation
Interviewing: Cognitive Limitations
59
Temporary or Intermittent
Trauma
 Lack of food or
water
 Medications
 Offender tactics
 Fatigue
 Infections

Permanent or Progressive
Depression or other
mental illnesses
 Traumatic brain
condition
 Dementia (one
form: Alzheimer’s
Disease)

Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
60
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One in eight persons age 65 and over (13%) has
Alzheimer’s disease.
Nearly 1/2 of persons over 85 have Alzheimer’s
disease.
Some forms of dementia are reversible.
Short term memory may be compromised.
Accounts of abuse may be accurate even if other
statements are not.
Positive Interviewing Strategies
61
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Explain why you are there and what will happen
next.
Build rapport with the older victim through questions
about their interests.
Allow time for older adult to answer.
Describe the role of victim service providers and/or
APS.
End interview with suggestions to assist the older
adult.
Interviewing Tips: Confusion
62
Do not discount the alleged abuse because the
statements seem untrue or the result of
delusions.
 Determine the best time of day to conduct the
interview (sundowning).
 Allow extra time for victims to respond.
 Ask about food, sleep and medication.
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Interviewing Tips: Confusion
63
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Establish the victim’s routine without asking about
the crime.
Use focused open-ended questions with victims who
may not provide information in a chronological
order.
Ask the older victim if she/he can draw or show you
the object or what happened.
Use memory cues such as “What were you doing
before this happened?”
64
Factors Affecting Elder Abuse Investigations
Challenges older victims face when
seeking safety and justice
I’d Rather Be Home: Norman (part 1)
Terra Nova Films
65
Adult Children as Abusers
66
Victim wants:
 Abuse to end but may want to have relationship
 To try to be a good parent
 To be perceived as a good parent
Victim may:
 Protect the adult child rather than self
 Recant or be reluctant to work with LE
Challenges Victims Face
67
Health concerns (victim and offender)
 Balancing safety and relationship
 Nowhere to go: Lack of economic resources
and affordable housing
 Pressure from family and friends
 Fear
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Potential Fears
68
Being seriously injured or killed
 Being placed in a nursing home
 Being placed in a mental health facility
 Being under or over medicated
 Being without an interpreter
 Being “outed”
 Being deported

Remember…
69
Older victims may be ambivalent about talking
to law enforcement about abusers they love or
who care for them.
 Work collaboratively with other agencies that
can provide support, safety planning,
emergency housing and other services.

I’d Rather Be Home: Norman (part 2)
Terra Nova Films
70
Section 30-3-11. Definitions
71


A. “household member” means a spouse, former spouse,
parent, present or former stepparent, present or former
parent-in-law, grandparent, grandparent-in-law, a coparent of a child or a person with whom a person has
had a continuing personal relationship. Cohabitation is
not necessary to be deemed a household member for the
purposes of the Crimes Against Household Members Act;
and
B. “continuing personal relationship” means a dating or
intimate relationship.
Domestic Violence in Later Life
72
As a result of this module, you will be able to:
Recognize that domestic violence laws and
remedies apply to cases of intimate partner
violence in later life and may be useful for other
situations
 Discuss immigration remedies available to
undocumented victims of domestic violence
 List resources available to assist older individuals

Intimate Partner Violence in Later Life
73
Spouse/partners were most common
perpetrators of physical and emotional abuse
in later life (Lachs, et al 2011).
 Older women who are physically abused are
most likely to be harmed by their
spouse/partner (Acierno, 2010).

Remember
74
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Most elder abuse is perpetrated by family
members, not just spouses (Acierno, 2010).
If the suspect is a family member or caregiver,
power and control dynamics may be present.
Domestic violence laws and remedies may apply –
even if perpetrator is not a spouse/partner.
Immigration Issues
75
Abusers often use immigration status as a
means to control victims.
 Older victims may be fearful of law
enforcement in US and their home country.
 Older victims may be unaware of immigration
relief available, such as a VAWA self-petition
or U-visas.

Sexual Abuse in Later Life
76
As a result of this section, you will be able to:
Define sexual abuse in later life
 Identify unique aspects of sexual abuse in later
life that may impact investigations
 List agencies to collaborate with in sexual abuse
in later life cases

Miss Mary
NCALL, Terra Nova Films, OVC, OVW
77
What is Sexual Abuse in Later Life?
78
Any nonconsensual, unwanted sexual
contact with an older adult
Who Commits Sexual Abuse in Later
Life?
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Adult family members, such as adult sons or
daughters, grandchildren, siblings
 Spouses and intimate partners
 Non-relative caregivers
 Residents in facility settings
 On-line predators
 Strangers or acquaintances (least frequent)

Why Does Sexual Abuse In Later Life
Occur and Persist?
80
Power and control
 Inability to control behavior due to medical or
mental health condition (example: some stages
of dementia)
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81
Categories of Sexual Abuse in
Later Life
Hands-on offenses (i.e., kissing, oral)
 Hands-off offenses (i.e., exhibitionism,
voyeuristic acts)
 Harmful genital practices (i.e., intrusive caring
for genitals)

Investigate further:
82
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If one or more of the following are
present:
Older adult or others report possible sexual
abuse
 Physical indicators on an older adult
 Physical evidence
 Behavioral cues suggesting sexual abuse

If you see Physical Signs, Ask about
Possible Sexual Abuse
83
Bruises to outer arms, chest, mouth, genitals,
abdomen, pelvis, or inner thighs
 Bite marks
 Difficulty walking or sitting
 Torn, stained, and/or bloody clothing including
underwear, bedding, or furnishings
 Unexplained STDs or HIV

Potential Behavioral Cues
84

Unexplained or sudden changes such as in:
Mood or temperament
 Personal hygiene
 Substance use or abuse
 Sudden avoidance or fear of specific people

Potential Behavioral Cues
85

Unexplained or sudden changes such as:
Sleep disturbances
 Recent resistance to certain kinds of caregiving
such as bathing
 Seems hyper-vigilant
 Shies away from being touched

Other Potential Behavioral Cues
86

Coded disclosures by older adult:
“He’s my boyfriend”
 “He loves me”
 “I’m his favorite girl”


Potential offender (family or caregiver)
behaves in inappropriate or romantic ways
Consent as a Defense
87

Valid consent is given:
FREELY,
 KNOWINGLY, and
 VOLUNTARILY


Must have the ability to understand the nature
and consequences of one’s acts
Remember…
88
Older victims may be reluctant to report.
 Older victims may have difficulty talking about
body parts, sex and sexual abuse.
 Abuser may be a spouse, adult son or
grandson.
 Sexual abuse offenders in facility cases may
include family, visitors, caregivers, staff,
volunteers or other residents.

Neglect
89
Initial Response:
In private dwellings and facilities, you may find:
Self-neglect
 Non-criminal neglect
 Criminal neglect
 Homicide caused by neglect

Self-Neglect
90
The failure to adequately meet one’s own care
needs
 Can look like neglect - except no caregiver is
involved
 Is not a crime
 May involve code violations

OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
Self-Neglect: Law Enforcement Response
91

Conduct an initial investigation:
Is anyone else responsible for the older adult’s
care?
 Look for signs of financial exploitation or other
abuse

OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
Self-Neglect: Involve Other Agencies
92
If medical concerns, call EMTs
 Report to Adult Protective Services (APS)
 Consider also reporting to:

Mental health agencies
 Humane Society
 Code enforcement agencies

OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
Neglect
93

The failure to provide adequate or necessary
care to a dependent person by a caregiver
OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
Possible Signs of Neglect
94
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Dehydration
Malnutrition
Over- or undermedication
Extreme weight loss
Decayed teeth
Overgrown nails
Matted, infested hair
OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)



Repeated falls
Lack of assistive
devices (e.g., hearing
aids, glasses,
dentures, mobility
aids)
Pressure ulcers
94
Pressure Ulcers
95
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

Also known as “decubitus ulcers,” “pressure sores” or
“bedsores”
May occur even when elder is receiving proper care
Stages I-IV; IV is most serious
OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
Neglect
96


Neglect may be the result of inaction or poor
caregiving by caregivers who do not have the
necessary resources, skills or support
OR neglect may be a crime
OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
Responding to a Neglect Case
97
Consider
Possible financial motive
 Whether other forms of abuse are present
 Likely defenses

OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
In Any Neglect Case
98
Establish:
 Who was the caregiver?
 What were the caregiver’s duties?
 Did the caregiver fail to meet his/her duties?
 What harm was caused by the caregiver’s
failure to provide proper care?
Tips:
Review your neglect laws.
Consult with victim’s physician or medical expert.
OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
Report and Collaborate
99
APS
 Health care providers and medical experts
 Prosecutor’s office

In facility cases:
Ombudsman
 State Regulatory & Licensing Agencies
 Medicaid Fraud Control Unit (MFCU)

OVW, FLETC and NCALL (2012)
What is Financial Exploitation?
100
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
Illegal or improper use of an older adult's
funds, property or assets.
Because not all older adults use the banking
system, consider cash, gold, jewelry, antiques,
and homes as assets.
Methods of Financial Exploitation
101
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Scams
Identity theft
Theft
Coercion and extortion
Fraud and deception
Abuse of legal authority (i.e., Power of Attorney)
Manipulation
Who Commits Financial Exploitation?
102


Strangers
Trusted Individuals
Family members and friends
 Partners
 Caregivers
 Strangers who become “friends” (sweetheart scams)
 Lawyers, doctors and faith leaders and representatives
 Interpreters who have a unique trust relationship
 Guardians, Powers of Attorney and other legal
representatives

Powers of Attorney and Guardianships
103

Power of Attorney


An instrument which delegates to another person
authority to make health care and/or financial
decisions to another
Guardianship

A court order granting certain powers to a family
member, other individual, governmental agency, or
institution to control the affairs of another person
Criminal Misuse of Power of Attorney and
Guardianship
104


POA/guardianship is not a license to steal
Just because a POA or guardianship was used does
not make it a civil matter
Criminal Misuse of Power of Attorney
and Guardianship
105


Determine if guardian or person with the POA spent
victim’s money on themselves rather than to benefit
victim.
Get copy of POA/guardianship documents.



Check POA for gifting provision.
Check for prior complaints or investigations
involving either the victim or suspect.
Work with local experts – probate court and APS.
106
Common Justifications and Defenses
Consent as a Defense
107

Valid consent is given:
FREELY,
 KNOWINGLY, and
 VOLUNTARILY


Must have the capacity to understand the
nature and consequences of one’s acts
Consent Is Not Valid When:
108

Obtained by:

Force
 Lies
 Coercion
 Manipulation
Victim lacks capacity

If You Have Concerns about Consent
109





Don’t take perpetrator’s claim of consent at face
value
Interview victim alone, away from suspect
Document pattern of conduct and concerns
expressed by others
Contact APS
Refer to detective or contact prosecutor to discuss
further investigation
Evidence Collection: Financial
110







Checkbooks and
registers
Overdue or unpaid bills
Bank statements of
victim and suspect
Tax records
Receipts for purchases
ATM transactions
Surveillance footage at
bank, ATMs




Credit card statements
Credit reports
Data off home or work
computers
Power of Attorney and
other legal documents
Evidence Collection: Other
111
Medical records of victim
 Capacity evaluation of victim
 Mental health and substance abuse treatment
records of suspect
 Employment records for suspect
 Toxicology screen for victim
 Prescription records of suspect and victim

Collaboration:
Financial Exploitation Cases
112




State Attorney General Offices and some District
Attorneys are setting up specialized elder abuse
investigation and prosecution units
Triads
Elder Services Officers (ESOs)
APS
113
Training Summary and Wrap Up
Summary
114




The exploiter is often family, a caregiver, other
loved one, or a person in a position of trust.
Guardianships and Powers of Attorney are not
licenses to steal.
Exploiters may use various tactics to unlawfully
obtain a victim’s “consent” to obtain assets.
Investigate and take steps to protect the victim’s
remaining assets.
Summary
115
You may encounter self-neglect (non-criminal),
non-criminal neglect, criminal neglect and
homicide by neglect.
 Always investigate to determine if a crime has
been committed.
 Look for evidence of financial motive.
 Look for co-occurring forms of abuse.
 When responding to an unattended death
scene, look for evidence of neglect.

Summary
116





Domestic violence laws, arrest policies and
restraining order violation laws may apply in elder
abuse cases.
Power and control tactics are used in domestic
violence in later life cases.
Consider factors that increase an older victim’s risk
of harm.
Recognize available immigration remedies.
Work collaboratively.
Summary
117
Elder abuse generally involves an ongoing
relationship with an expectation of trust.
 Abusers may justify and excuse their behavior.
 Proper investigative techniques may enhance
victim safety and might result in holding
perpetrators accountable.

Summary
118
Consent will likely be used by the defense.
 Collaborate with your local sexual assault
advocates and APS.
 Victim safety is paramount.

Key Training Points
119




Focus on victim safety
Be aware of and avoid assumptions
Recognize abuser tactics
Work collaboratively
Contact Information
120




Manny Overby, Instructor -DPS – Advanced Training Bureau
manuel.overby@state.nm.us
Susan l. Stinson, ADA – First Judicial District Attorney's Office
SStinson@da.state.nm.us
David Murphy, ADA - First Judicial District Attorney's Office D
Murphy@da.state.nm.us
Katie Bridgewater – Project Coordinator- NMCSAP
ktbridgewater@gmail.com