Introduction to
HP-UX 11i v2
HP-UX 11i v1 -> 11i v2 Delta
Support Training
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to
• List and describe the major changes in HP-UX 11i v2 in the
following areas
–
Supported systems and hardware
–
Firmware and boot environment
–
Installation
–
System configuration
–
System administration
–
Commands
–
Programming and development environment
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2
Release Review
Official Name
Release
Identifier
Architecture
B.11.11
PA-RISC
HP-UX 11i Version 1.5 (v1.5)
B.11.20
Intel® Itanium®
HP-UX 11i Version 1.6 (v1.6)
B.11.22
Intel® Itanium®
HP-UX 11i Version 2
B.11.23
Intel® Itanium®
B.11.31
Intel@Itanium,PA_RIS
HP-UX 11i Version 1
HP-UX 11i Version 3.1
3/24/2016
(v1)
(v2)
3
Terminology Differences
rp7410
rp8400
Superdome
Chassis Codes
Activity Logs
BCH
HPMC
Errorlog
PCI
TOC
Single Bit Error (SBE)
ASIC SBE
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rx7620
rx8620
HP Integrity Superdome
Event Ids
Forward Progress Log (FPL)
Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)
Machine Check Abort (MCA)
System Event Log (SEL)
PCIX
INIT
Correctable Machine Check (CMC)
Correctable Platform Error (CPE)
4
Supported Systems and
Hardware
Supported Systems
ccNUMA Support
Supported Peripherals
Supported Systems Matrix
Existing Intel® Itanium® 2 (McKinley) platforms
• zx2000, zx6000, rx2600, rx5670, NEC u32000, Hitachi ha8500
New/Updated Integrity Systems
Model #
Project Name
# CPUs
Max IO Slots
zx2000
Wilson’s Peak
1-2
5 PCI, 1 AGP
zx6000
Long’s Peak
1-2
3 PCI, 1 AGP
rx2600
Long’s Peak
1-2
4
rx4640
Mt. Diablo
1-4
6
rx5670
Everest
1-4
10
rx7620
Eiger
2-8
15, 2 Core I/O
rx8620
Olympia
2-16
16, 2 Core I/O
Integrity Superdome
Orca
2-64
192
Not supported: i2000, rx4610, rx9610, NCR i870
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Workstations and Entry-level Servers
Workstations
• zx2000 (Wilson’s Peak)
– 1 GHz (Deerfield) Processor with 1.5 MB L3 Cache
• zx6000 (Long’s Peak)
– 1-2 CPUs
– 1.3 GHz Madison Processor w/6MB L3 Cache (New!)
– 1.5 GHz Madison Processor w/6MB L3 Cache (New!)
Entry-level Servers
• All now shipping with 1.3/1.5 GHz Madison processor
– rx2600 (also Long’s Peak)
• 1-2 CPUs, 4 PCI, 2U
–
rx4640 (Mt. Diablo)
• 1-4 CPUs, 6 PCI, 4U
–
rx5670 (Everest)
• 1-4 CPUs, 10 PCI, 7U
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Cell-based Servers
Mid-range
• rx7620/rx8620 (Eiger/Olympia)
–
Itanium®-based versions of the rp7410 and rp8400
High-end
• HP Integrity Superdome (Orca)
–
Significant bus bandwidth improvements from PA-RISC
–
Support Management Station (SMS) is Windows 200x PC
Notable Characteristics of all cell-based systems
• All cells must be Intel Itanium processors
• No mixing processors (1.3 vs. 1.5 GHz) within partition
• New cell boards based on Pinnacles chipset
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ccNUMA Support
HP's cell-based platforms are ccNUMA
• ccNUMA = cache coherent, Non-Uniform Memory Access
• Latency and bandwidth of a same-cell memory access is
better than accessing memory on a different cell
For ccNUMA platforms, HP-UX 11i v2 is
ccNUMA-aware
• Maintains good behavior for applications that are not
ccNUMA-aware
• Gives ccNUMA-aware applications the ability to control their
memory placement as well as processor placement
Core feature of HP-UX 11i v2
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Storage Card Support
Support for Interrupt Migration & PCI OLAR
• Not all cards (see Release Notes for details)
SCSI Cards
• 1 and 2-port Ultra160 SCSI (A6828A and A6829A)
–
Multi-initiator configurations supported
• 1 and 2-port LVD Ultra2 SCSI (A5149A and A5150A)
• 2-port SCSI/LAN Combo (A5838A)
• Limitations for A5149A, A5150A, and A5838A
–
–
No boot/OLAR/multi-initiator/ServiceGuard support
Default SCSI parameters only
• Unsupported
2-port HVD Ultra2 SCSI (A5159A & A5159B)
– 1-port FWD SCSI (A4800A)
Fibre Channel Adapters (A5158A and A6795A)
–
• A5158A supported for in-box upgrades only
• Support for A6826A sometime after initial release
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Supported Storage Devices
Disk Arrays (Supported off of A6795A Only)
• XP512/48
• XP1024/128
• VA7110, VA7400 and VA7410
• EVA 3000 and EVA 5000
JBODs
• DS2100, DS2110, DS2300
Archival Tape
• SureStore Tape Libraries
–
3/24/2016
LVD only, 90-days after HP-UX 11i v2 SR
11
Other Supported I/O Cards
Networking
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4-port 10/100B-T Ethernet (A5506B)
FDDI Dual Attach Adapter (A3739B)
ATM 155Mbps MMF Adapter (A5513A)
Token Ring Adapter (A5783A)
2-port X.25 Adapter (J3525A)
1000B-T Ethernet (A8685A)
1000B-T and 1000B-SX Ethernet (A6825A and A6847A)
1000B-T Ethernet on Core I/O (A6794A)
Legacy 1000B-T and 1000B-SX Ethernet (A4929A and A4926A)
10/100B-T (RJ-45) (A5230A)
HyperFabric II (A6386A)
Other
• 8-port and 64-port Mux (A6748A and A6749A)
• New ATI Fire GL cards (A9653A and A9654A)
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Firmware and Boot
Environment Changes
Itanium-based System Overview
Firmware Components Comparison
Boot Disk Layout Comparison
Itanium-based System Overview
OPERATING SYSTEM
EFI
API
EFI OS LOADER
ACPI
EFI BOOT SERVICES
Timer
Memory
Boot
Devices
EFI Drivers
EFI
RUNTIME
SERVICES
Protocols
Handlers
PLATFORM SPECIFIC FIRMWARE
PLATFORM HARDWARE
EFI SYSTEM
PARTITION
OS
PARTITION
EFI DRIVERS
EFI OS Loader
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Firmware Components Comparison
PA-RISC
Intel Itanium
Role
PDC
Processor
Abstraction
Layer (PAL)
Consistent firmware interface to abstract
processor implementation-specific features
IODC
System
Abstraction
Layer (SAL)
Firmware interface that isolates OS and other
higher level software from implementation
differences in the platform
BCH
Extensible
Firmware
Interface (EFI)
Primary pre-OS boot environment. Defines
interfaces used by system in booting OS
ISL
HPUX
Boot loader
PDC Downcalls
ACPI/IPMI
Primary runtime interface for the OS. Used to
provide system configuration information and
an interface for things like power
management.
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Boot Disk Layout Comparison
LIF
ISL/
IPL
HP-UX 11i v1
(PA-RISC)
HP-UX Partition
Redundant
Partition
Table
EFI Sys
Partition
Partition
Table
MBR
HP-UX Partition
HP
Service
Partition
*Drawing
Not To
Scale
HP-UX 11i v2
(Intel Itanium)
MBR – Master Boot Record
Partition Table
• Describes locations of partitions on the disk
EFI System Partition
• First partition on the boot drive containing the EFI images, FAT 32
• Contains drivers, applications, and vendor tools
HP Service Partition
• Created by default on cold install or recovery, 400 MB, FAT 32
• Contains Online and Offline Diag tools and data
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Miscellany
Scalable Boot
• Parallel ioscans, reduce boot time by up to 95%
setboot Command
• Support for setting the High Availability Alternate boot path
• SpeedyBoot
Named Kernel Configurations
• Can now boot to a named kernel configuration
Waived Defect JAGae79536
• HPUX bootloader leaks memory if interrupted multiple times
Boot Authentication
• Protect standard system against unauthorized booting into
single user mode without converting to trusted mode system
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Installation Changes
Cold Install and Update Support
Install-time Security - Bastille
Cold Install and Update Support
Update from HP-UX 11i v1.6 Servers only
• Update from HP-UX 11i v1 or HP-UX 11i v1.5 not supported
• No support for update from HP-UX 11i v1.6 MTOE
• Cannot update to higher OE
–
Update to equivalent OE first, then install higher OE
• No support for update from xx2000 or xx6000 workstations
• Note that i2000, rx4610, rx9610 are not supported at all
HP Service Partition will not be created during update
• Result will be reduced offline diagnostic functionality
Cold Install Advantages
• HP Service Partition will be created on Boot Disk
• Use of Ignite-UX server makes standard configurations easy
• Partitions will be sized for HP-UX 11i v2
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Install-time Security - Bastille
Bastille is a security hardening/lockdown tool
• Introduces new, out-of-the-box security functionality.
Bastille 2.1.1 open source security is built into install process
• May also appear during update, if B6849AA is chosen
Bundle chosen determines degree of security
• Take care! Highest levels disable most network access
–
If any level is activated, logging in as root over network is disallowed
• Secure Shell is the only allowed method as DMZ level, for example
Bundle Name Effect on System Behavior
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Sec00Tools
Install security infrastructure only
Sec10Host
Host-based lockdown
Sec20MngDMZ
Lockdown
Sec30DMZ
Full lockdown
20
System Configuration
Changes
Kernel Configuration Changes
Resource Partitioning
nPartition Management
Reconfiguring the Kernel
System restart not
always necessary!
GUI
CLI
kcweb
kconfig
kctune
kcmodule
Kernel
Configuration
Option 1:
Configure
Boot
and Reboot
Alternate
Kernel Config
Option 3:
Configure
Alternate
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Kernel
Executable
Running Kernel
Option 2:
Configure
Dynamically
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Kernel Configuration Changes Overview
Functionality
Changes
Obsoleted Cmds
config(1M), kmadmin(1M), kminstall(1M),
kmmodreg(1M), kmsystem(1M), kmupdate(1M)
Deprecated Cmds
kmtune(1M), kmpath(1M), and mk_kernel(1M)
kcweb(1M) (Kernel Configuration tool), kcusage(1M),
New Commands/Utilities kcalarm(1M), kconfig(1M), kcmodule(1M),
kctune(1M), kclog(1M), and kcpath(1M)
Tunables Made Dynamic
many file system tunables
New Dynamic Tunables
max_thread_proc, nproc, nkthread, maxdsiz, many
file system tunables, many others
Obsoleted Tunables
shmem (VM), sema (PM), mesg (PM), maxusers,
others
Other Changes
•You no longer compile the kernel
•You no longer backup or copy kernel executables to
other systems
•Instead, you now manage kernel “configurations”
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Resource Partitioning
iCOD 6.0
• Always installed
• Email connectivity required only for temporary capacity
PPU 6.0 supported
PRM (v C.02.01.01)
• PRM now supports VxVM for disk bandwidth management
• Kernel support for Real Time Extensions to processor sets
WLM (v A.02.01.01)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Utility (wlminfo(1)) for monitoring workloads and their SLOs
Auditing and billing information
Adjust # of CPUs in PSET-based workload groups based on SLOs
Passive mode to test a given WLM configuration
Capture stderr of data collectors
Temporarily remove groups with no active SLOs
WLMTK (v A.01.04.01)
• Toolkit for BEA WebLogic Server
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nPartition Management
nPartition Commands
• Management scope extended to remote partitions and
complexes
• Support management of Cell Local Memory (CLM)
• New command - cplxmodify(1M)
• Full integration with iCOD 6.0
Complex security enabled with Configuration
Privilege Restriction
nPartition Provider (v B.01.00)
• New, provides WBEM-based framework for remote mgmt
Parmgr (v B.11.23.01.00)
• Web-based interface, other changes
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Administration Changes
SAM
Servicecontrol Manager
System Security
File System
Compressed Crash Dump
Networking Support
High Availability Support
SAM Changes
The Peripheral Devices functional area is obsolete
• Cards and Device List replaced by the web-based
Peripheral Devices tool (pdweb(1M))
• SAM provides a launch point for pdweb
Kernel Configuration area is obsolete
• This functionality replaced by Kernel Configuration tool
(kcweb(1M))
• SAM provides a launch point for kcweb(1M)
SAM GUI can be used to perform configuration and
management of DHCPv6 and IPv6 related tasks
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Servicecontrol Manager Changes
Supported Systems
•
•
•
•
Itanium-based HP-UX server support on HP-UX 11i v2
Linux servers (RedHat, SuSE) supported for the CMS
SuSE support for CMS and agent
Certified HP ProLiant Linux agents
Multiple CMS support
• Individual nodes can share more than one CMS
• Provides redundancy and/or sharing across groups
Other Changes
•
•
•
•
•
Web-based application integration
XML file format
Better GUI – uses html for faster response
Browser connection to CMS now uses SSL
WBEM services added
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Overview of System Security Changes
Boot Authentication
• Prevents boot to single-user mode w/o password
Bastille 2.1.1
• Lockdown tool w/standard levels, chosen during install
PAM Kerberos
• Increased security and standards conformance
Shadow Passwords
• Conforms to de-facto standard, not supported w/NIS or NIS+
Strong Random Number Generator
• New, truly unpredictable
Evecve
• Kernel ignores setuid and setgid bits on scripts for security reasons
Security Patch Check 1.3
HP-UX Secure Shell (v A.03.01)
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Overview of File System Changes
Dynamically Configurable File Systems
• DLKM file systems
–
Mostly infrastructure, CDFS and VxFS only
• Dynamic tunable parameters, automatic tunables
VERITAS File System (VxFS) 3.5
• PA-RISC version on Software Pack since December ’02 and
available on software.hp.com - now on Itanium-based
systems
• Cluster File System, Large File System enablement
Large Files and File Systems
• Up to 2TB files, 4TB file systems
• No API changes
• Some impacts for non-rebuilt 32-bit legacy applications
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Compressed Crash Dump
Reduces time and space for memory dump
• Takes ~ ⅓ disk space of uncompressed dump
• Takes ~ ⅓ time to save crash dump
Used in conjunction with selective dump
Targeted toward high-end systems
• Requires at least 5 processors, 64 bits
• Reverts to uncompressed if requirements aren’t met
Related changes
• New dynamic tunable to enable/disable
• Commands updated - crashconf(1M), savecrash(1M),
crashutil(1M)
• Dump analysis tools updated: q4, p4, adb(1)
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Networking Support
IPv6 networking support
•
•
•
•
Next generation Internet Protocol
Provides infrastructure for newer Internet devices
Most of network “stack” of products updated
Dual IPv4 and IPv6 support
HP-UX Web Server Suite (v.1.0.06.01)
• Many enhancements and upgrades
Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) (v A.01.05.01)
• HP-UX implementation of the DMTF (Distributed Management Task
Force) WBEM standard
Internet Services Products
• Many revised commands and updated services
Networking commands
• Changes to lanscan(1M), lanadmin(1M), linkloop(1M), nettl(1M), others
• New ndd(1M) tunables
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High Availability Support
MC/ServiceGuard (v A.11.15.00)
• Supports VXVM 3.5, ServiceGuard Manager 3.0, IPv6
MC/ServiceGuard NFS Toolkit (v A.11.23.01)
• Functionally equivalent to version A.11.11.02 (on HP-UX 11i v1)
MC/ServiceGuard Quorum Server (v A.2.0)
• Supports multiple HP-UX and/or Linux Clusters
Enterprise Cluster Master Toolkit (vB.01.08)
• HP-UX 11i v1 supports version B.01.09 which supports Sybase version
12.0 and Enterprise Server 3.6 (not supported by v B.01.08)
PCI OLA/R
• Improved functionality and increased performance
• Functionality available through pdweb(1M)
setboot(1M)
• Provides new option, -h, to specify HA alternate boot path
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Other Key Administration Changes
Event Monitoring Service (EMS v A.04.00.01)
• Framework and GUI are 32-bit native apps
• HA Monitors available as 32-bit native binaries
• New EMS CLI for managing persistent monitoring requests
Processor Sets available in kernel by default
• Available as optional software pack in HP-UX 11i v1
CDE
• Supports IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
• Provides more accessibility to desktop for physically
challenged users
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Commands Changes
Machine Identification Changes
Other Changes to Commands
Machine Identification Changes
Print machine information using new machinfo(1)
Changed output style from model(1)
• Delimited by space, not /
New parameters for getconf(1)
• MACHINE_IDENT
• PARTITION_IDENT
• MACHINE_SERIAL
New confstr(3C)
• Replaces uname(2) for obtaining unique machine
identification number
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Command Changes Summary
User and Group commands now write audit records
User Accounting commands modified to use new inmemory databases
Obsolete commands in several areas
• Unix-to-Unix commands
• DOS commands
• LIF commands
New commands and new options to support
• I/O
–
–
OLA/R
Interrupt migration
• File system management
• Kernel configuration and tuning
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Programming and
Development Environment
Changes
MxN Threads
Compilers and Interpreters
Tools and Toolkits
Libraries
Debuggers
Adaptive Address Space
Internationalization
MxN Threads
Mx1
1x1
MxN
user portion of
process context
user space
kernel space
kernel portion
of process
context
file management
subsystem
process and memory
management subsystems
I/O management
subsystem
network management
subsystem
hardware
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Compilers and Interpreters
C Compiler
• ANSI C 89 standard, majority of C99 extensions, no K&R
aC++ Compiler
• Rogue Wave’s Tools.h++ v7.1.1 functionality
Java
• Support for Java 2 Platform
– Version 1.3 and 1.4
– SDK, RTE, and JPI
Fortran 2.7
• Full Fortran 95 compiler, based on International ANSI/ISO standards
Perl 5.8.0 source code base
• Not binary compatible with earlier releases
Aries 1.7
• Allows transparent emulation of PA-RISC/HP-UX applications on Itanium-based
HP-UX systems
• Support for MxN Threads, performance improvements
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Tools and Toolkits
HP-UX Developers Toolkit (B3394BA)
• Not part of any OE, download from http://software.hp.com
Software Transition Kit (STK) 1.9
• Supports transition from HP-UX 11i v1.6 to HP-UX 11i v2
ld(1) and dld.so(5)
• Support for lazy loading, direct binding
• Supports static and dynamic Thread Local Storage (TLS)
model shared libraries
• Other new functionality
HP Caliper 3.0
• Numerous functional and performance improvements
Software Developer’s Kit
• Support for Java 2
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Libraries – New and Changed, 1 of 2
HP only provides Itanium-based shared libraries
libc
• Support for AutoFS, IPv6, new Network API, floating hex I/O
• Support for shared libraries with Thread Local Storage
Unwind Library - libunwind
• Name change on Itanium-based systems - libunwind.so
• New APIs (Unwind Express) for faster unwind
New Linux compatible API library - libhplx
New C++ Support Library - libstd_v2
• Supports the ANSI, ISO/IEC-14882 standard
libpthread now supports
• MxN thread model
• Dynamic loading of shared libraries containing TLS
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Libraries – New and Changed, 2 of 2
Math Libraries
• Performance improvements, new functions in HP-VML
and HP MLIB
Multiple Shared Library Profiling (MSLP) support
• gprof(1) now able to profile multiple shared libraries
New mmap(2) flag
• Allows mapping into device registers or memory
HP MPI v1.8.3
• Supports HyperMessaging Protocol
WTSharedX Bundle changes include IPv6 support
OpenGL (v1.2) supports new graphics cards
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Debuggers
wdb 4.0
• Major functionality and performance improvements
• Supports source-level debugging of a program written in HP C, HP
aC++ and Fortran 90 on HP-UX 11i v1.6 and later
kwdb 2.2
• Bundled with HP-UX 11i v2
• Supports debugging of any PA-RISC system running HP-UX 11.0 or
later or any Itanium-based system
• Supports DLKM, MP debugging
• Other functionality improvements, e.g., q4 mode and Perl scripting
adb
•
•
•
•
Support for MxN threads
Multiprocessor dump reading support
64-bit DLKM dump
Many other changes
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Adaptive Address Space
Created to ease porting to HP-UX
• HP-UX uses Single/Global Address Space (SAS) model
–
Most other implementations (Solaris, Linux, Tru64) use
Multiple Address Space (MAS)
• MAS model gives applications more control over the use of
the address space (removes Quadrant boundaries)
Changes process Address Space Layout (ASL)
• Mostly Global Address Space (MGAS)
–
Default behavior, address space looks like it always has
• Mostly Private Address Space (MPAS)
–
New address space layout allows use of AAS features
Will have negative performance impacts
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Internationalization
Many changes, including
• System level support for 16 Latin and South American
Locales
• Unicode 3.0 support
• Greek Euro support
• Changes to Simplified Chinese Input Method
• TrueType fonts for HP-UX supported Asian
languages/locales
• Enhanced mainframe converters for Japanese characters
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Miscellany
DCE
• DCE client applications on Itanium-based systems can work
with a DCE server on a PA-RISC system
Software Package Builder
• Visual method to create and edit software packages using
the HP-UX Software Distributor (SD) package format
–
Has both GUI and Command Line Interface (CLI)
CDE
• CDE applications and its libraries and subsystems are
delivered as PA on Itanium-based platform
–
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Run through Aries (PA compatibility)
47
Module Summary
This module described
• Major changes in HP-UX 11i v2 in the following areas
–
Supported systems and hardware
–
Firmware and boot environment
–
Installation
–
System configuration
–
System administration
–
Commands
–
Programming and development environment
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Exercises/Labs
Paper-based Exercises
Hands-On/Lab Exercises