Georgia Performance Standards:
SS8H1b: Evaluate the impact of European contact on
Native American culture; include Spanish missions
along the barrier islands and the explorations of
Hernando DeSoto.
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Unit 3 Vocabulary Terms
1. Azilia: A proposed colony on the land between Spanish
Florida and English Carolina.
2. Charter: A written contract issued by a government
that grants special rights and privileges.
3. Colony: A group of people who leave their native
country to form in a new land a settlement subject to,
or connected with, the parent nation.
4. Conquistador: A Spanish explorer and conqueror who
sought to destroy and take over existing cultures in the
Americas in the 1500s.
5. Indentured Servant: A person who sold his or her labor
to a person in return for passage to the New World.
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Unit 3 Vocabulary Terms
6. Malcontent: Not satisfied or content with current
conditions or circumstances.
7. Mercantilism: An economic theory in which
government controls trade and attempts to transfer
wealth from colonies to the parent country.
8. Mission: A group of people sent to a foreign country to
conduct negotiations, establish relationships, provide
scientific and technical assistance.
9. Monopoly: A company that eliminates it competition
and controls an industry.
10. Trustee: A person who is appointed to take care of
business or property for the benefit of someone else.
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Spanish Explorers Chart, pp. 40-44
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Exploration
• The Renaissance (time of rebirth in Europe)
brought about changes in learning, religion, and
trade.
• Business owners wanted to make bigger profits.
• Customers wanted exotic spices and fabrics from
Asia.
• Therefore, a shortcut was needed to get
merchandise from Asia to Europe
(Supply & Demand).
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European Explorers
• Spices were in great demand by Europeans.
• Before refrigeration, meat and fish spoiled too
quickly.
• People used spices such as pepper, cinnamon,
nutmeg, and cloves to help preserve food and
to help improve its flavor.
• Transporting spices across great distances cost
too much money.
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Exploration
• The 3 main reasons that kings and queens
financed expeditions to the New World:
A. God: To spread Christianity to more people.
B. Gold: To find riches (Gold, silver, precious
C.
stones, & exotic trinkets).
Glory: To become historically famous and to
add more territory to their kingdom.
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European Exploration
• European kings and queens,
monarchs, were Christians.
• They sent missionaries and
religious officials to help
convert conquered people to
Christianity.
• They wanted to make
Christianity the most powerful
religion in the world.
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Comprehension Check Questions
(1) What are the 3 Gs of Exploration and what
was the purpose for each “G”?
(2) What was Hernando De Soto searching for in
the southeastern area of North America?
(3) De Soto’s army became famous for being the
1st Europeans to cross the _____________ in
North America.
(4) What were the purpose of Spanish missions?
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European Explorers
• Portuguese explorers continued to travel
farther down the coast of Africa.
• 1488-Bartolomeu Dias traveled around the
southern tip of Africa. The Portuguese named
the tip the Cape of Good Hope.
• 1497-Vasco da Gama and his sailors were the
1st Europeans to discover a sea route to Asia.
became the leader of exploration.
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European Exploration
• Spain and England wanted to compete to
discover new sea routes, too!
-If you controlled the seas, then you
controlled trade with Asia= Power & Wealth
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Conquistadors
• Spanish explorers were known for being
conquerors.
• They sought to destroy and take over native
cultures.
• As they explored the Americas, they used guns
and swords to defeat Native Americans.
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European Exploration
• Without knowing it, the
explorers carried
diseases with them
(smallpox, malaria, and
measles).
• These diseases killed
many of the natives in
the Americas.
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European Exploration
• August 1492-Italian Christopher Columbus and his
convoy of ships (Santa Maria, Pinta, & Niña) left Spain
to find spices and gold for King Ferdinand & Queen
Isabella.
• October 12, 1492- He found islands which he thought
were part of the Caribbean (A.K.A. West Indies).
• He brought back Native Americans (mistakenly calling
them “Indians”).
• He did not find much gold.
• The King and Queen of Spain named him, Admiral of
the Ocean Sea.
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Spanish Explorers
• Due to Christopher Columbus’s success in the New World,
Spain began to finance more voyages to the Americas.
began to claim more territory and riches than
England and France.
• Juan Ponce de León was determined to find the “Fountain
of Youth” in Florida (claimed for Spain).
• Ponce de León discovered a powerful ocean current called
the Gulf Stream.
• This current flows from the Gulf of Mexico north along the
eastern coast before turning east toward Europe…This
helped explorers get back home to Europe quicker!
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Spanish Explorers
• 1540-Hernando De Soto and his army were the
1st Europeans to enter what is now known as
Georgia.
• They were also the 1st Europeans to cross the
Appalachian Mountains.
• De Soto and his men were searching for cities of
gold.
• They brutally killed many Native Americans.
• Four years later, De Soto died after sustaining
injuries during battle and his men never found
cities of gold.
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Spanish Missions in Georgia
• Spain built missions, churches, with small communities
around them.
• They were built along the Atlantic coast in an attempt to
bring Christianity to the Indians.
• Also, the missions helped to keep French explorers and
army off the coast.
• Guale (mission) covered the Outer Coastal Plain and
barrier islands of Georgia.
• 1566-Pedro Menéndez de Avilés started a mission on St.
Catherine’s Island.
• Spain controlled the coast and southern part of Georgia
for 100+ years with missions and military posts.
• By 1700, Spain controlled much of the Americas (South
America, Central America, and Mexico).
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Georgia Performance Standards:
SS8H1c: Explain reasons for European exploration and
settlement of North America, with emphasis on the
interests of the French, Spanish, and the British in the
southeastern area.
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French Exploration in North America
• They were looking for riches and fame and some
were searching for religious freedom.
• The French treated the Native Americans
kindly…They wanted to create communities and
live peacefully with the Indians.
• However, the French wanted to create a colony
on the Atlantic coast.
• From the Atlantic coast, they could attack Spanish
ships that were traveling back to Europe with
treasure back to Spain.
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French Explorers in North America
Explorer
Area Explored
End Results
Jean Ribault
René de
Laudonniére
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French Explorations in North America
• The official religion of France was Catholicism,
but the Huguenots wanted religious freedom.
• In 1562, Jean Ribault brought French Protestants
called Huguenots to settle in present day South
Carolina and created Fort Charlesfort.
• The French Huguenots and the Spanish Roman
Catholics constantly fought in South Carolina.
• Three years later, the Huguenots back to France.
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French Exploration in North America
• In 1564, René de Laudonniére took more Huguenots
back to North America.
• They settled in Florida (present day Jacksonville) and
created Fort Caroline.
• The Huguenots ran out of supplies and Jean Ribault was
sent to Florida to bring more supplies and soldiers.
• The Huguenots and the Spanish settlers of St.
Augustine fought each other over territory.
• Spanish conquistador Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and
his men fought/conquered Ribault and the Huguenots.
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French Claims in North America
• By the 1600s, French explorers had claimed:
A. Ohio River Valley
B. Mississippi River Valley
C. the entire Great Lakes region
• By 1760, the French colony of New France had
80,000 people
• Also, the French controlled most of the land in
the interior of North America.
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Map of New France in 1750
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Georgia Performance Standards:
SS8H1c: Explain reasons for European exploration and
settlement of North America, with emphasis on the
interests of the French, Spanish, and the British in the
southeastern area.
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English Colonies in North America
• People from England wanted to find a new home
in America because of:
1. Population= Overcrowded cities
2. Food Shortage = The English countryside could
not produce enough food for all the people.
3. Religious Freedom = Some people did want to
practice the religion of the Church of England
(Anglican Church)
4. Mercantilism = Wanted new economic
opportunities
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English Colonies in North America
• Spain and England were enemies and
competitors.
• Spain’s official religion was Catholicism and
England’s was Protestant.
• During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, their navies
fought a major battle at sea and England
won…ENGLAND BECOMES THE MOST
POWERFUL COUNTRY IN THE WORLD!
• Now, England wanted to create its own colonies
in North America.
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English Colonies in North America
• 1585-Queen Elizabeth I gave
Sir Walter Raleigh
permission to start a colony
in Virginia, at Roanoke
Island.
• This colony was not
successful, because the
settlers ran out of food and
supplies.
• The colonist disappeared
without a trace; therefore, it
is known as the “Lost
Colony.”
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English Colonies in North America
• 1607-King James I granted
two charters for the
owners of the Virginia
Company of London and
the Virginia Company of
Plymouth to create
colonies.
• The colony named
Jamestown was started in
Virginia with 100 people.
• John Smith was the
leader of Jamestown.
• 1612-A new type of
tobacco was developed at
Jamestown and became
popular in England.
• Indentured servants
came to Jamestown for a
better life.
• 1619-The 1st African
slaves were brought to
Jamestown.
• This was England’s 1st
successful colony!
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English Colonies in North America
• 1663-Carolina became a colony.
• 1670-English settlers created Charlestown
(name was changed to Charleston).
• 1685-The English settlers of Charlestown
allows the French Huguenots to move in
(wanted religious freedom).
• 1700s-The English and Spanish fought over
land from South Carolina to Georgia.
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English Colonies in North America
• Both the French and Spanish had lost power.
• The English controlled all the supplies of guns and
manufactured goods the Native Americans
wanted (Monopoly).
• English traders began to cheat and mistreat the
Native Americans.
• 1715-The Yamasee tribe (Creek Indians) led an
attack against the English traders of Carolina.
• The English settlers were able to beat the
Yamasees and force them to move to the area
known as Alabama.
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The Creation of Georgia
SS8H2: The student will analyze the colonial period of
Georgia History.
Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the
Charter of 1732, reasons settlement (charity,
economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary
Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.
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The Creation of Georgia
• Leaders in England wanted to form a buffer between
the Spanish colonies in Florida to protect the English
colonists in Carolina.
• 1717-Sir Robert Montgomery proposed a new colony
to be built in the area that is known as Georgia.
• This proposed colony was to be called the Magravate
of Azilia.
• Due to fears of attacks from the local Native Americans
and the Spanish located in Florida, this proposed
colony was never created (unsuccessful).
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The Creation of Georgia
• Due to overcrowding in England’s prisons, a
proposal for creating a new colony was
considered (debtors were the targeted prison
population).
• Also, this proposed colony would ease:
1. Overcrowding population in England
2. Solve the homeless problem in England
3. Provide work opportunities for the
unemployed people of England.
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The Creation of Georgia
• 1730-James Oglethorpe
and 20 other important
men became trustees of
Georgia (named in honor
of King George II).
• 1732-the trustees
decided to only allow
“worthy poor” people
with good character to
move to Georgia.
James Edward Oglethorpe
King George II
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The Creation of Georgia
• The 21 trustees created Georgia’s charter with 3
purposes:
1. Charitable: This land would be settled by poor
people of London.
2. Economic: a self-supporting colony that would
provide cheap natural resources for Great
Britain.
3. Defensive: a protective barrier between the
English colony of Charlestown from attacks by
Spanish Florida.
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Primary Document
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The Creation of Georgia
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
Georgia’s 21 trustees established rules:
Colonists could not own land in Georgia
No liquor
Slavery was not allowed
Only man heirs could inherit land
•
115 settlers and James Oglethorpe traveled to Georgia on a
ship named Ann, which took 2 months.
•
First stop in North America was in Charlestown.
•
James Oglethorpe, members of the Georgia militia, and two
leaders from Charlestown then traveled to Georgia.
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The Creation of Georgia
• They reached Yamacraw Bluff (modern day Savannah) and
met John & Mary Musgrove (trading post owners &
interpreters for the Creek Indian), Yamacraw Indians, &
Chief Tomochichi.
• Oglethorpe formed a treaty with Chief Tomochichi in order
to settle at Yamacraw Bluff.
• Oglethorpe and others went back to Charlestown to bring
the colonists to Georgia.
• February 12, 1733-They arrive at Yamacraw Bluff (colonists
named it Savannah).
• Treaty of Savannah was signed by Oglethorpe and group of
Creek Chiefs…The Creek Indians gave the colonists the land
and the colonists agreed to trade with the Creeks at set
prices.
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