Energy Notes Photosynthesis, Chemosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Marine Biology Warm Up 1. What process do plants do to make sugar? 2. What process do all organisms do to make energy? 3. Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration make a cycle. 4. Why would low levels of oxygen in the water pose a problem for marine life? Review Photosynthesis “photo” = light “synthesis” = to put together CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Gives you Carbohydrates + O2 Review Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Carbon dioxide Gives you Water Carbohydrates + O2 Sugar (glucose) Oxygen Review Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Gives you 1. REACTANTS (what you start with) Carbohydrates + O2 2. PRODUCTS (what you end with) Review Chemosythesis What is chemosynthesis? Chemosynthesis is used when sunlight is not available. What happens during chemosynthesis? During chemosynthesis, organisms use inorganic substances in place of sunlight to make sugar and oxygen. What is the equation for chemosynthesis? Inorganic substances + water+ carbon dioxide Oxygen + sugar What organisms do chemosynthesis? Organisms that do not receive sunlight HAVE to do chemosynthesis in order to make food for themselves (bacteria or deep water organisms). Review Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration is just the opposite of photosynthesis! C6H12O6 + O2 → ATP + CO2 + H2O respiration CO2 + H2O + light → C6H12O6 + O2 photosynthesis Review Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 H2O Sugar (glucose) Oxygen Energy Carbon dioxide Water Reactants (what’s needed) Products (what’s produced) Review Cellular Respiration Important facts for marine biologist: • All living organisms break down sugars to get energy. • This is called cellular respiration. • What is glucose again? SUGAR!! Energy Notes • First, copy the questions (Cornell Note Style) • Make sure you have the right answer before continuing. • Record the correct answer on the right hand side. • There are only 13 questions but you must understand/remember the material in every question! Energy Unit Review Questions 1. What process releases energy Cellular from sugar? Respiration! 2. What process absorbs energy from the sun to make sugar (food Photosynthesis for the plant)? 3. Where does photosynthesis happen in the cell? Chloroplast 4. Where does cellular respiration happen in the cell? Mitochondria Energy Unit Review Questions 5. What is the equation for cellular respiration? 6. What is the equation for photosynthesis? 7. What is chemosynthesis? O2+Sugar CO2+H2O+ATP ENERGY CO2+H20+SUN ENERGY O2+Sugar HAPPENS WITHOUT LIGHT!!! Organisms use inorganic substances to make sugar and oxygen 8. Explain transpiration and Water moves in through the roots and evaporates how water moves through a through the leaves into the plant. air. Energy Unit Review Questions 9. What happens to the nitrogen in They decompose and the nitrogen goes organisms when they die? back into the ground for plants to use. 10. What is ATP? 11. Where in the cell is energy produced (ATP)? 12.Where in the cell is energy absorbed? Energy molecule Mitochondria Chloroplast Energy Unit Review Questions 13. Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis make a cycle. Energy is cycled between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Dissolved Oxygen • Dissolved Oxygen Video • Use the following words to explain WHY marine organisms will suffer from low oxygen levels in the water: – Cellular respiration – Reactants – Products – Oxygen – Carbon dioxide – Water – Energy (ATP) – Energy (sunlight) Dissolved Oxygen and Fertilizers (Run Off) • Fertilizers video • After the video, please write a short summary of how fertilizers affect the oxygen levels in the water. Chemosynthesis Practice • Use the following HSA questions to practice our knowledge of energy transfer. #1. Some types of bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight cannot reach. These bacteria use the energy stored in inorganic molecules to make sugars (HSA 2007). Which of these processes do the bacteria use to produce sugars? A. photosynthesis B. chemosynthesis C. aerobic respiration D. nitrogen fixation #2. Some bacteria live in habitats without light. They produce their own food using inorganic substances from the environment. Which of these terms best describes this process? A. photosynthesis B. cellular respiration C. binary fission D. chemosynthesis #3. In deep ocean trenches, bacteria produce organic materials from inorganic compounds through the process of A. B. C. D. respiration decomposition photosynthesis chemosynthesis Phytoplankton and Zooplankton • Watch video that discusses phytoplankton, zooplankton. • What are phytoplankton? • Why are they called primary producers? • What are zooplankton? • What do zooplankton eat? • Draw a food web with phytoplankton and zoo plankton. Eutrophication • • • • • • • Watch video on eutrophication. What is algal bloom? What causes oxygen to be used up? After phytoplankton dies, what happens? What consumes the decomposing algae? Who uses up all the oxygen in the water? How do the numbers of these micro organisms effect the oxygen levels in the water? • What is eutrophication? Independent Research Read Oxygen in the Water on page 372. Summarize the reading. Make sure to answer the following questions in your writing: 1. How is oxygen produced? 2. What process requires the use of oxygen? 3. What is dissolved oxygen? 4. How do marine organisms take in oxygen? 5. Explain why there is a high concentration of DO in the bottom of the ocean. 6. Why are there high levels of DO at the surface of the water? 7. Explain the finding in the graph (figure 15-7) in your own words. Show How Energy Cycles • Draw a diagram in order to show how energy transfers between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis Lab HSA Public Release Question Elodea, a freshwater plant, releases gas bubbles when it is placed in direct light. In an investigation, a student placed a lamp at different distances from an aquarium containing Elodea. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the Elodea plant. His data are shown in the table below. What energy source is used by Elodea? A. B. C. D. heat light oxygen carbon dioxide Reviewing Dissolved Oxygen Photosynthesis is discussed on page 109 of the Marine Science text. Add the following to your notes: • What does photo mean? • What does synthesis mean? • What is an autotroph? • What byproduct is made during photosynthesis? • Explain how algae in the water provides some of the oxygen that you breathe.