Bulk Survey for Release (BSFR)
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Bulk Survey For Release September 17,2015 ASP 2014 Workshop By Don Dihel, CHMM Portsmouth/Paducah Project Office Bulk Survey For Release BSFR is a term used to refer to a licensed process that has been approved by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) to allow the disposal of materials with EXTREMELY LOW LEVELS OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL in Class I landfills. 2 DOE Operations and D&D Generate Extremely Low Level Waste • • • • • • • 3 Soil Resin Concrete Asphalt Paper Plastic Waste PPE Is it cost effective to dispose of this waste in Low Level Radioactive Waste Cells? Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation Division of Radiological Health • Tennessee’s Bulk Survey for Release (BSFR) program was developed in order to have a standardized process to analyze materials with extremely low levels of radioactive contamination for disposal in specified Class I landfills. • By allowing waste that does not pose any significant risk to be disposed of under the BSFR program, space in the limited number of radioactive waste facilities can be conserved for the material that truly requires that type of disposal. • Based on NRC Program 10 CFR 20.2002. • These levels of contamination, while detectable with modern equipment, pose no hazard to human health or the environment by being disposed of in this manner. 4 BSFR How Does BSFR Work? 5 BSFR 1. Material is analyzed at each Generator’s site for the chemical constituencies and to identify each radionuclide and its activity (pCi/g). 2. The material is then shipped according to U.S. Department Of Transportation (USDOT) regulations to a processor. 6 BSFR 3. At the processor each package is analyzed again to verify the radionuclides and their associated activities (pCi/g). 4. This analysis allows the processor to determine if the material meets the predetermined limits authorized in their radioactive material license for BSFR disposal. 7 BSFR 5. If The Material Meets The Predetermined Licensed Authorized Limits And The Container Surface Dose Rate Limits And Does Not Meet The USDOT Definition For Radioactive Material It Is Then Shipped To The Preauthorized Landfill. 8 BSFR 6. At the Landfill The Material Goes Through A Final Check. Only After It Passes The Final Check Is It Disposed In The Landfill. 9 BSFR Licensing Requirements • For each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TEDE). • At a minimum, the external, inhalation, and soil pathways shall be analyzed and it shall be assumed that working face employees are on the landfill 25% of the year • A separate analysis shall be submitted for each operation identified above and shall include the delivery driver, landfill workers affected and post landfill use, as outlined below, using the most current RESRAD computer code. • For each analysis, use the entire useable disposal area of the landfill beginning when the conditional disposal program started. 10 Tennessee Division of Solid Waste Management All landfills are operated in accordance with Tennessee Division of Solid Waste Management (TDSWM) requirements for Class I landfill. The requirements for operating a Class I landfill are codified in Chapter 0400-11-01-.04, Specific Requirements for Class I, II, III, and, IV Disposal Facilities. This regulation includes requirements for: • future planning, • performance, access control, • fire safety, • leachate migration controls, • litter control, • gas migration controls, • communications, • waste handling and cover standards, • cover materials, • groundwater protection, and • run-on, run-off and erosion control, • corrective actions • dust control, • location in flood plains, • inspection program, 11 COMPUTER MODEL 12 COMPUTER MODEL 13 Who can perform BFSR Screening and Disposal? Four licensees in Tennessee are (were) authorized to conduct the BSFR program: • IMPACT (Closed), • Studsvik-RACE (now EnergySolutions – Memphis), • Toxco, and • Duratek/Energy Solutions (EnergySolutions – Bear Creek) 14 Which Landfills in Tennessee support BSFR? There are four Class I landfills in Tennessee authorized to receive wastes under the BSFR program: • Chestnut Ridge Landfill facility in Heiskell (Anderson County), • North Shelby County, • South Shelby County, and • Carter Valley in Hawkins County. 15 DOE Looks for more Cost Effective Waste Disposal Options • DOE issues IDIQ Contract DE-AM30-10CC60042 for Contractors to use BSFR process. • Contract based on DOE O 435.1. • Contract states other DOE Orders must be met, but not listed. • Waste from Portsmouth was sent under IDIQ to Impact Services, Studsvik, and EnergySolutions – Bear Creek. • Save Money!!!! 16 Actual Process • Waste is shipped from facility as radioactive waste using NRC Form 541, shipped as Radioactive Waste. • Waste is scanned using ISOCS to determine concentration of nuclides. – May only have 1 or 2 nuclides that are detected and others are “ratioed” using scaling factors. – If total activity of waste is below WAC for landfill and below DOT, waste classified as non-radioactive. • Waste ownership transfer to Processor and Processor disposed of waste. Processor reports waste using their results. 17 Regulatory Authority DOE DOT NRC/DOE DOE Prime Contractor Generates Waste Contractor determines if waste is radioactive Contractor prepares LLW for shipment Generator receives LLW Ships LLW to BSFR Ships LLW waste to LLW Facility BSFR Facilty recives LLW BSFR facility to determine status of waste DOT NRC IDIQ contractor Ships waste to licensed disposal facility or returns to generator BSFR facility determines waste does not meet WAC criteria BSFR facility determines waste meets WAC criteria Passes. Allowed to be disposed in Class I landfill. BSFR facility ships waste to conditionally licensed landfill Ships "Conditionally Disapable" waste to Class I landfill Ships LLW waste to LLW Facility Class I landfill buries waste LLW facility buries waste Failed. Sent to LLW landfill. So what is wrong with DOE facilities using the BSFR process? 19 Application of DOE O 458.1 Per the order, DOE can only release radioactive materials (including waste) from DOE control through Surface Contamination Limits (dpm/100 cm2) or must have Authorized Limits. The BSFR limits have not been approved per the order. 20 WRONG ASSUMPTIONS 1. Since the waste is shipped to a NRC agreement state facility using a NRC agreement state approved process, DOE O 458.1 does not apply and DOE has no responsibilities for the waste after it is received. 2. Per the IDIQ Contract, “All commercial TSDFs are required to be audited in accordance with DOE Order 435.1 annual audit requirements…” Therefore DOE is responsible for performing the audits and that is performed by DOECAP. 3. The waste belongs to the processor. 21 Issues • DOE does not use NRC process to define DOE LLW. Discussions with EM, CBC, and HSS concluded that the material is subject to DOE O 458.1 requirements. • No DOE O 435.1 assessment had been performed. • DOECAP may or may not meet DOE O 435.1 requirements, but LOI are not based on DOE O 435.1. • Waste responsibility can not be transferred to the processor. 22 So What is different ? • How is DOE evaluation of dose similar and or different than TDEC dose evaluation? – Use same model – Use same parameters as TDEC except Dose Conversion Factors • For TDEC, for each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TEDE). • For DOE, for each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TED). 23 Problem Solving π 1 ππππ/π¦π = π·ππ πππ πΆ = π·πΆπΉππ πΆ × πΆππππππ‘πππ‘πππππ πΆ π=1 π 1 ππππ/π¦π = π·ππ ππ·ππΈ = π·πΆπΉπ·ππΈ × πΆππππππ‘πππ‘ππππ·ππΈ π=1 πΆππππππ‘πππ‘ππππ·ππΈ × π·πΆπΉπ·ππΈ = πΆππππππ‘πππ‘πππππ πΆ × π·ππ πππ πΆ πΆππππππ‘πππ‘ππππ·ππΈ = πΆππππππ‘πππ‘πππππ πΆ 24 π·πΆπΉππ πΆ × π·πΆπΉπ·ππΈ Dose conversion factors for external ground radiation (mrem/yr)/(pCi/g) Radionuclides Am241 Daughters Half-life 432.2 years DOE Conversions STD-1196-2011 NRC Conversions FRG 11 DCFN/DCFD (in %) 3.717E-02 4.372E-02 118% 2.14x 106 years 30.17 years 6.706E-02 7.790E-02 116% 8.686E-04 7.510E-04 86% 2.52 mins 3.381E+00 3.606E+00 107% Tc99 2.13x105 years 1.104E-04 1.255E-04 114% Pu238 87.74 years 1.111E-04 1.513E-04 136% Pu239 2.411x 104 years 2.765E-04 2.952E-04 107% Pu240 6.56 x 103 years 1.130E-04 1.467E-04 130% Th232 1.405×1010 years 4.782E-04 5.212E-04 109% Ra228 6.7 years 6.575E-05 0.000E+00 0% Ac228 6.13 hours 5.044E+00 5.98E+00 119% Th228 1.91 years 7.248E-03 7.940E-03 110% Ra224 3.64 days 4.950E-02 5.119E-02 103% Rn220 Po216 55 sec 0.15 sec 3.474E-03 2.298E-03 66% 8.873E-05 1.042E-04 117% Pb212 10.64 hours 6.314E-01 7.043E-01 112% Bi212 60.6 mins 6.258E-01 1.171E+00 187% Tl208 3.10 min 2.167E+01 2.298E+01 106% 2.45 x 105 years 3.456E-04 4.017E-04 116% 7.538×104 years 1.106E-03 1.209E-03 109% 1.602 x 10 years 3.176E-02 3.176E-02 100% 7.04 x 108 years 7.005E-01 7.211E-01 103% 25.52 hours 3.250E-02 3.643E-02 112% 4.51 x 109 years 1.713E-04 1.031E-04 60% Th234 24.10 days 2.316E-02 2.410E-02 104% Pa234m 1.17 mins 1.257E-01 8.967E-02 71% Pa234 6.75 hours 8.275E+00 1.155E+01 140% Np237 Cs137 Ba137m U234 Th230 3 Ra226 U235 Th231 U238 25 Dose conversion factors for ingestion, mrem/pCi Radionuclides Daughters DOE Conversions STD-1196-2011 NRC Conversions FRG 11 DCFN/DCFD (in %) Am241 432.2 years 8.806E-04 3.640E-03 413% Np237 Cs137+D 2.14x 106 years 30.17 years 4.625E-04 4.440E-03 960% 4.921E-05 5.000E-05 102% Tc99 2.13x105 years 3.330E-06 1.460E-06 44% Pu238 87.74 years 8.436E-04 3.200E-03 379% Pu239 2.411x 104 years 9.287E-04 3.540E-03 381% Pu240 6.56 x 103 years 9.287E-04 3.540E-03 381% Th232 1.405×1010 years 1.029E-03 2.730E-03 265% Ra228+D 6.7 years 5.920E-03 1.440E-03 24% Th228 1.91 years 4.290E-04 3.960E-04 92% Ra224+D 3.64 days 2.45 x 105 years 5.056E-04 3.660E-04 72% 2.150E-04 2.830E-04 132% 7.538×104 years 9.361E-04 5.480E-04 59% 1.602 x 10 years 1.676E-03 1.320E-03 79% 7.04 x 108 years 2.048E-04 2.670E-04 130% 25.52 hours 1.706E-06 1.350E-06 79% 4.51 x 109 years 1.939E-04 2.690E-04 139% 24.10 days 1.937E-05 1.370E-05 71% U234 Th230 Ra226 U235 Th231 U238 Th234 26 Half-life 3 Dose conversion factors for inhalation, mrem/pCi Radionuclides Daughters DOE Conversions STD-1196-2011 NRC Conversions FRG 11 DCFN/DCFD (in %) Am241 432.2 years 3.630E-01 4.400E-01 121% Np237 Cs137+D 2.14x 106 years 30.17 years 1.868E-01 5.400E-01 289% 1.543E-04 3.190E-05 21% Ba137m 5 Tc99 2.13x10 years 5.254E-05 8.320E-06 16% Pu238 87.74 years 4.070E-01 3.920E-01 96% 4 Pu239+D 2.411x 10 years 4.477E-01 4.290E-01 96% Pu240 6.56 x 103 years 4.477E-01 4.290E-01 96% Th232 1.405×1010 years 4.255E-01 1.640E+00 385% Ra228+D 6.7 years 6.333E-02 5.078E-03 8% Th228 1.91 years 4.144E-02 3.420E-01 825% Ra224+D 3.64 days 1.436E-02 3.351E-03 23% 2.45 x 10 years 3.737E-02 1.320E-01 353% 7.538×104 years 3.848E-01 3.260E-01 85% 1.602 x 10 years 3.811E-02 8.580E-03 23% 7.04 x 108 years 3.378E-02 1.230E-01 364% 25.52 hours 1.399E-06 8.770E-07 63% 4.51 x 109 years 3.212E-02 1.180E-01 367% 24.10 days 3.329E-05 3.581E-05 108% 5 U234 Th230 Ra226 U235 Th231 U238 Th234+D 27 Half-life 3 Radionuclides (+ Daughters) Am241 DCFN/DCFD Inhalation DCFN/DCFD Ingestion DCFN/DCFD External Lowest DCFN/DCFD 121% 413% 118% 118% 289% 960% 116% 116% 21% 102% 97% 21% 16% 44% 114% 16% Pu238 96% 379% 136% 96% Pu239+D 96% 381% 107% 96% Pu240 96% 381% 130% 96% Th232 311% 114% 103% 103% U234 153% 90% 109% 90% U235 213% 105% 108% 105% U238 237% 105% 94% 94% Th230 85% 59% 109% 59% Np237 Cs137+D Tc99 28 Isotope U234 U235 U238 Am241 Np237 Pu239/240 Tc99 Th230 29 Profile pCi/g 5.916 0.2277 0.9577 0 0 0 4.84 0 Lowest North Shelby WAC (pCi/g) DCFN/DCFD 541.5 93.45 288.6 108.6 0.5075 113 32.89 2.818 90% 105% 94% 118% 116% 294% 16% 59% DOE worst case AL Fraction (pCi/g) 485.4 0.012 97.9 0.002 270.7 0.004 127.7 0.000 0.6 0.000 332.5 0.000 5.2 0.929 1.6 0.000 Total 0.947 X326 DAW Lowest South DOE worst DCFN/DCF case AL Fraction Shelby WAC (pCi/g) (pCi/g) D 562 90% 503.8 0.012 93.55 105% 98.0 0.002 289.3 94% 271.3 0.004 108.9 118% 128.1 0.000 0.7695 116% 0.9 0.000 113.3 294% 333.4 0.000 31.54 16% 5.0 0.969 3.004 59% 1.8 0.000 Total 0.987 Lowest Carter DOE worst DCFN/DCF case AL Fraction Valley WAC (pCi/g) (pCi/g) D 50 90% 44.8 0.132 20 105% 21.0 0.011 100 94% 93.8 0.010 15 118% 17.6 0.000 2 116% 2.3 0.000 15 294% 44.1 0.000 30 16% 4.8 1.019 2 59% 1.2 0.000 Total 1.172 Lowest Chestnut DOE worst DCFN/DCF case AL Fraction Ridge WAC (pCi/g) (pCi/g) D 272 90% 243.8 0.024 69 105% 72.3 0.003 284 94% 266.4 0.004 109 118% 128.2 0.000 6 116% 7.0 0.000 112 294% 329.6 0.000 21 16% 3.3 1.455 2 59% 1.2 0.000 Total 1.486 X326 DAW Isotope Profile pCi/g North Shelby WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCFN/DCFD DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction South Shelby WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCFN/DCFD DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction Carter Valley WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCFN/DCFD DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction Chestnut Ridge WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCFN/DCFD DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction U234 5.916 541.5 112% 605.7 0.010 562 112% 628.6 0.009 50 112% 55.9 0.106 272 112% 304.2 0.019 U235 0.2277 93.45 128% 119.5 0.002 93.55 128% 119.6 0.002 20 128% 25.6 0.009 69 128% 88.2 0.003 U238 0.9577 288.6 126% 363.1 0.003 289.3 126% 364.0 0.003 100 126% 125.8 0.008 284 126% 357.3 0.003 Am241 0 108.6 207% 224.9 0.000 108.9 207% 225.5 0.000 15 207% 31.1 0.000 109 207% 225.7 0.000 Np237 0 0.5075 404% 2.0 0.000 0.7695 404% 3.1 0.000 2 404% 8.1 0.000 6 404% 24.2 0.000 Pu239/240 Tc99 Th230 0 113 385% 435.4 0.000 113.3 385% 436.6 0.000 15 385% 57.8 0.000 112 385% 431.6 0.000 4.84 32.89 73% 24.1 0.201 31.54 73% 23.1 0.210 30 73% 21.9 0.221 21 73% 15.4 0.315 0 2.818 89% 2.5 0.000 3.004 89% 2.7 0.000 2 89% 1.8 0.000 2 89% 1.8 0.000 Total 30 0.215 Total 0.224 Total 0.343 Total 0.340 Where is PPPO at now? • We have document submitted to CBC, EM and EHSS stating the problem and why we believe waste disposed from Portsmouth was safely disposed per DOE requirements. • We have our analysis and thought process approved by EM and EHSS. Writing Authorized Limits request to submit to EM. • We are stressing to contractors to review DOECAP reports (LOI) to see if audit meets our requirements and conducting internal assessments for compliance. • We have office oversight and concurrence on all off-site releases. 31 Questions?
