THE IMPORTANANCEOF
SOCIALIZATION
Section 1
SOCIALIZATION &
PERSONALITY
• Socialization - the process of learning to
participate in a group
• How do we know socialization is important?
• How do monkeys react to social isolation?
Harry Harlow
• Can we generalize from monkeys to humans?
Harry Harlow
• Professor and Researcher at the
University of Wisconsin
• Best known for his maternal-separation and
social isolation experiments on baby monkeys,
which demonstrated the importance of caregiving and companionship in social and
cognitive development
HARLOW EXPERIMENT
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrNBEhzj
g8I
Anna, Isabelle, and Genie
• These Children were socially and emotionally
abused
• Traumatic childhoods
Read the section on Harlow Monkey
Experiment, Anna, and Isabelle and
look for the following.
Harlow
Write down three main facts
about what the monkey
experiment was.
Write down two main facts
about what Harlow found out
during the experiments.
Anna
Write down three main facts
about Anna and what was
discovered during the research.
Isabelle
Write down three main facts
about Isabelle and what was
discovered during the research.
SOCIALIZATION &
THE SELF
Section 2
THE FUNCTIONALIST &
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVES ON
SOCIALIZATION
• How does the functionalist perspective explain
socialization?
Stresses the ways in which groups work together
to create a stable society
• How does the conflict perspective explain
socialization?
Views socialization as perpetuating the status
quo
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM&
SOCIALIZATION
•
1.
How does symbolic interactionism help us
understand socialization?
The self-concept (an image of yourself as having
an identity separate from other people)
2. The looking-glass self (an image of yourself based
on what you believe others think of you)
3. Significant others (those people whose reactions are
most important to you)
4. The generalized other ( integrated conception of
the norms, values, and beliefs of one’s community or
society)
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM& SOCIALIZATION
•
Role taking (assuming the viewpoint of another
person and using that viewpoint to shape the self
concept)
1.
Imitation stage - Mead’s first stage in the development of
role taking, children begin to imitate behaviors without
understanding why.
Play stage - Mead’s second stage in the development of role
taking, children act in ways they imagine other people would.
Game stage - Mead’s third stage in the development of role
taking, children anticipate the actions of others based on social
rules.
2.
3.
FOCUS ON THEORETICAL
PERSPECTIVES
Theoretical
Perspective
View of Socialization
How the Media Influence
Socialization
Functionalism
Stresses how socialization
contributes to a stable
society
Network television programs
encourage social integration by
exposing the entire society to shared
beliefs, values and norms.
Conflict Theory
View socialization as a way
for the powerful to keep
things the same.
Newspaper owners and editors
exercise power by setting the political
agenda for a community
Symbolic
Interactionism
Holds that socialization is
the major determinant of
human nature
Through words and pictures, children’s
books expose the young to the
meaning of love, manners, and
motherhood.
AGENTS OF
SOCIALIZATION
Section 3
THE FAMILY &
SOCIALIZATION
• The family is the primary agent of socialization.
Primary socialization
• Socialization by the family begins shortly after
birth. Names/# of parents/siblings/income
• Socialization is intentional
• Socialization is typically, but not always, positive.
THE FAMILY &
SOCIALIZATION
Within the family the child learns to:
1. Think & speak
2. Internalize norms, beliefs, and values
3. Form some basic attitudes
4. Develop a capacity for intimate and personal
relationships
5. Acquire a self-image
SOCIALIZATION IN
SCHOOLS
 How do schools socialize students?
Schools teach children the values and customs of the
larger society. Latent functional approach)
Teachers, (types) the technology, texts, peers, and
structure of the school are important to
Macrosociologists.
Schools traditionally socialize children into
conventional gender roles. Emphasize dominant
ideology. (conflict approach)
PEER GROUP
SOCIALIZATION
• How do peer groups contribute to socialization?
• Peer groups (set of individuals of roughly the
same age and interests)
• As children grow older, peer groups increasingly
assume the role of Mead’s significant others.
• Peer groups can ease the transition to adult
responsibilities.
• Peer groups typically “re-enforce” existing values
Agents of socialization -peers
Agents of socialization
MASS MEDIA AND
SOCIALIZATION
47 percent of all children ages 12 to 18 have
their own televisions. Increased portability……
Technology is socializing families into
multitasking as the social norm. 33% use
internet each day
PROCESSES OF
SOCIALIZATION
Section 4
DESOCIALIZATION &
RESOCIALIZATION
• How does desocialization prepare people for
new learning?
– Desocialization - the process of giving up old
norms, values, attitudes & behaviors
– This usually involves being stripped of personal
belongings, individualism, and personal identity.
– Resocialization -the process of adopting new
norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
DESOCIALIZATION
• Total institutions - places in which people are
separated from the rest of society & controlled
by officials in charge
• Examples are cults, prison, boot camp, rehab,
etc…
SEAL DESOCIALIZATION
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeTQj2HCRlA&fea
ture=fvwp&NR=1
Institutionalized Prisoners
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITOSkfkpU4&feature=fvsr
ANTICIPATORY
SOCIALIZATION
• Anticipatory socialization - the voluntary
process of preparing to accept new norms,
values, attitudes, and behaviors
• For example, a high school graduate may
voluntarily change these aspects of socialization
to keep up with their peer group.
• Reference group - group whose norms and
values are used to guide behavior, group with
whom you identify
• College students are example of reference
group or group they use to evaluate themselves
and from which they acquire values, attitudes,
etc.