AP HUMAN
GEOGRAPHY
CH. 6
REVIEW
Migration
What terms/concepts from Ch.
6 did you find most challenging?

Reread your Ch. 6 BN and list the most
challenging concepts.
Ernst Ravenstein
British Demographer

5 Laws of Migration
– (look up (Book Notes))

Gravity Model: A measure (mathematical
prediction) of the interaction of places
– # of migrants declines as distance they must
travel increases, but # of migrants increases
if the settlement location has large population
Migration???
• Long-term relocation to a new locale
outside place of origin
– Emigration – leaving from
– Immigration – going to
Factors that Stimulate Migration
(Why Migrate???)
► Conflict
(Civil War)
 1990s Yugoslavia: drove 3 million from homes
 Rwanda: 2 million fled to Zaire & Tanzania
► Economic
Conditions
 Poverty
 Chance for work & better life
► Political
Strife
 Oppressive regimes (Cuba, Uganda, Burma)
Factors (con.)
► Cultural
Circumstances
 Jews to Israel
► Environmental
Change
 Irish Potato Famine
 CA earthquake = emigrations
► Technological
Advances
 Easier to travel & move
 Info availability
► USA
is most mobile country in the world
• CHAIN MIGRATION –
• Individuals follow the migration path of
preceding friends/ family to an existing
community
• STEP MIGRATION –
• Migration to a distant location that
occurs in stages.
– Stops along the way
Migration –
Gravity Model
See Cheat
Sheet online!!
The Gravity Model of Migration shows how larger settlements have
more to offer and are therefore more attractive to migrants. If two
settlements are equidistant from an origin, more migrants are
likely to travel to the larger settlement (B in the top diagram).
 The model also shows that a greater distance between the origin
and a possible destination equals more effort to get there. This
results in fewer migrants being inclined to travel there. Therefore,
despite settlement B in the second diagram being bigger, the
origin is closer to A and therefore the migrants are equally
distributed between the two settlements.

Intervening Opportunity
► Presence
of a closer / better
opportunity diminishes attractiveness
of sites further away
► Might
not make all the steps of your
Migration (interruption)
Location vs. Distance




Absolute & Relative Location
(remember?!)
Absolute Distance: physical distance
between 2 points
measured (mi / km)
Relative Distance: distance measured
in terms of cost and time
Why is People’s perception of
distance often distorted???


Push & Pull Factors: You better know by
now!
Distance Decay: As distance
increases, the accuracy of one’s
perception of a place declines

Human activity declines as distance from the
source increases (gravity model!!!)
Distance Decay Graph
Voluntary vs. Forced
Migrations
• Voluntary M.- relocation by choice
• Pull relevant (have an option)
• Forced M.- relocation by force (Push)
• Imposition of Authority (no option)
– Atlantic Slave trade
• Forced M. Today?
− COUNTER MIGRATION: Gov’t sending back
caught Illegal immigrants
African Forced Migration
Types of Human Movement
Activity (Action) Space – ???
 Space where one’s daily actions occur; daily
routine through sequence of short moves


Larger in Cities vs. Rural
Cyclic movement – ???
 Cycle Within Daily activity space


Commuting
Types of Human Movement
Seasonal Movement –
 Cycle with seasons


Go south for the winter
Nomadism –
 moving time and time again over long
familiar routes

Types of Human Movement
Periodic Movement – ???
 longer period of residence away
from home base

Military service
 College
 Migrant labor

Transhumance – ???
 pastoral farming of livestock moving
with seasonal availability of pastures

External & Internal Migration
• Interregional (External) Migration:
• Moving across international borders
(geographic realms)
• Europe to America
• Internal Migration:
• Within a Nation-State
• “Great Migration” from South to North
in USA
• Retirees moving to FLA
DISLOCATION
• Sudden and Forced Migrations yield…
• Refugees: ???
• dislocated involuntarily from original
place of settlement & unable to return
• Difference between Refugee & Migrant?
• Refugee is official sanctioned status
• Eligible for International assistance
• Asylum, housing, food
• UN refugee estimates:
• 1980 – 8 million
• 2000 – 24 million
• Difficult to know exact totals
• Flee into remote areas
• Govt’s can manipulate #’s to serve agenda
Types of Refugees
• INTER-national Refugee: ???
• (external) crossed international
borders
• EX???
• INTRA-national Refugee: ???
• (internal) remained in original country
• EX???
• Permanent Refugee:
• When refugee life becomes way of life
in new country over time
• (integrated into host country)
• Palestinians in Jordan
• Temporary Refugee:
• Waiting in camps in host country for
resettlement
• Palestinians in Lebanon
How to Tell if a Refugee
(& not a Migrant)
• 1. Move only with what they can carry
on their backs
• 2. Make 1st step on foot (bicycle,
wagon)
• 3. Move without official documents
Regions of Dislocation
• Subsaharan Africa (Sudan, Rwanda,
Congo)
• Middle East (Israel & Palestine)
• Europe (Yugoslavia)
• South Asia (Sri Lanka, Afghanistan)
• South East Asia (Cambodia 1975,
Burma)
Rwandan Refugee Camp in Zaire
Palestinian Refugee Camp