Argumentation (3):
Things to Do and to
Avoid
Outline
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Do:1. Clear & practical thesis statement;
2. Clear development of support
(including refuting counter-arguments);
Avoid: Faulty logic or inappropriate
reasons;
Introduction –
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Do: Impressive which also introduces your thesis;
Avoid: Simplification of reasons;
Conclusion –
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Do: Wrap up all of your points; make an
emotional appeal;
Avoid: introduce a new topic.
Clear & Practical Thesis
statement
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Therefore, strict laws regulating the
campaign methods should be set up,
while alternatives, such as televised
debate provided by the government,
TV commercials, newspaper ads,
and other types of noiseless but
creative promotional methods
should be extensively promoted.
Clear Thesis statement –rev.
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Therefore, stricter laws should be set in
regulating the campaign methods such as
flags, rally and motorcade, while the
candidates should also resort to
alternatives campaign methods, such as
televised debate provided by the
government, TV commercials, newspaper
ads, and other types of noiseless but
creative promotional methods.
Development: (1) Reasons in
support of Homosexuals’ adoption
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Main Argument: Adoption not only saves
an orphan from the substandard foster
home but also offers family happiness to
the homosexual pairs.
1. Refuting Counter-arguments: Good
parenting is not influenced by sexual
orientation. Rather, what it requires are
unconditional love and adequate finance,
which both heterosexual and homosexual
parents could provide.
Development:(1) Reasons in
support of Homosexuals’ adoption
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(2)
2. Refuting Counter-arguments: If a
homosexual household creates gender
confusion owning to only fatherhood or
motherhood to the adopted children, then
the same problem should happen on
single-parent families as well.
3. Refuting Counter-arguments: There is
no clear evidence showing that children
raised in a homosexual household are
much more likely to become homosexuals
in the future.
Development:(1) Reasons in
support of Homosexuals’ adoption
(3)
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4. Homosexual adoption also solves
the problem of shortage of adoptive
and foster parents.
Reasons in
support of cohabitation
Development: (2)
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First, cohabitants would have a better
mutual understanding through the
process of cohabitation.
If a couple is in love with each other, they
want to be with each other all the time.
college couples find themselves more
independent from the families. It is a
symbol of showing maturity.
The fear towards marriage also leads
them to choose only to cohabit, but not to
get married.
Development: (3) Reasons
against All-English kindergarten suggestions
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Parents’ attitude is the most important;
Should be learned in a natural
environment;
Overemphasis of English can be harmful
to children’s acquisition of their mother
tongue
It is not necessary for children in Taiwan
to learn English in All-English
kindergarten, which makes English
superior to native language and English
teachers, to Taiwanese.
Development: (3) Reasons
against All-English kindergarten
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It is not necessary for children in Taiwan
to learn English in All-English
kindergarten.
Examples of over-emphasis of English
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hierarchy at school
lack of Chinese abilities
Example of natural bi-lingualism.
How to practice bi-lingualism in a
kindergarten and at home.
Development: transition
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If girls really decide to cohabit with their
boyfriends, they really need to carefully
consider it. One day, if they break up,
the record of cohabitation can’t be
retrieved. In the next relationship or the
marriage, the record will be with girls.
Most men can’t accept that their
girlfriends or wives have cohabited with
men.
Perhaps, those students who decide to
cohabit may say that they live together
for love and deeper understanding.
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Girls, especially, should think twice befor
they decide to cohabit with their
boyfriends. They should know that once
they break up, the record of cohabitation
cannot be erased. In the next relationship
or the marriage, the record will be with
girls. Most men can’t accept that their
girlfriends or wives have cohabited with
men.
Even if they don’t care about other
people’s views and argue that they
cohabit for love and deeper
understanding, is cohabitation, I want to
ask, the only way to achieve mutual
understanding?
Reasoning: (1)
Advertisements are educational.
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For instance, the commercial films of milk
or yogurt claims that to drink milk and
yogurt is good for health, because
calcium is necessary for our body and the
germs yogurt has is good for digestion.
Besides, whether we are going to buy the
certain brand of milk and yogurt or not,
we get the further knowledge about
which nutrition and germs are good for us.
Reasoning: (1)
Advertisements are educational.
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Reasoning not rigorous enough Providing
knowledge or constant reminder?
For instance, the commercial films of milk
or yogurt repeatedly claim that drinking
milk and yogurt is good for health,
because calcium is necessary for our body
and the live and active cultures yogurt has
is good for digestion. Whether we are
persuaded into buying a certain brand of
milk and yogurt or not, we are constantly
reminded of the importance of calcium
and lactic acid-producing bacteria.
Note
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CULTURED DAIRY FOODS Cultured dairy
foods are milk products that result from the
fermentation of milk or its products by
starter cultures (i.e., selected specific
microorganisms) that produce lactic acid
under controlled conditions. e.g. Sour
Cream & Yogurt
Yogurt. Yogurt is the product resulting
from the culturing of a mixture of milk and
cream products with the lactic acidproducing bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus
and Streptococcus thermophilus.
Introduction
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Nowadays, the social phenomenon has
changed. People’s values towards many
things are different, such as the value of
wealth, love, sexual intercourse, etc. The
rate of divorces is getting higher and
higher. The latest number of the rate of
divorce is one out 2.5 couples that gets
divorced. This phenomenon has also
influenced on campus. Couples cohabit
because they are afraid of getting married.
Introduction (2)
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On college campus, many student
couples cohabit. Some of the couples
enjoy doing so while some end up
breaking up with each other. Some
would just like to give it a shot. No
matter what the consequences may
be, in my opinion, I find it good for
college student couple to cohabit.
Introduction: problems
1. simplification of reasons for
cohabitation;
 2.
Thesis statement too short and
unclear.
 3. Lack of connection between the
first and the second paragraphs.
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Introduction: suggested
solution
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As our society develops more diverse views
about love, sexual intercourse and goals of life,
marriage may not be the only or the best
destination of love. Instead, cohabitation turns
out to be a common choice nowadays, while more
and more married couples end up in divorce. This
general trend, of course, has its trickle-down
effects on college, where young couples opt for
cohabitation for various reasons such as love,
convenience, mutual understanding and trial
marriage.
Considering the large number of
unhappy couples and divorced ones, isn’t
cohabitation a better and safer choice for our
young couples?
Topic sentence & conclusion
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Homosexuals are exactly the same as
heterosexuals besides(except for) their
sexual orientation, which is a matter of
personal choice and should not be
discriminated against. Homosexuals and
their adoptive children may be looked
down by some people in the society; for
this reason, it is important for homosexual
couples to help the children face the
prejudices and develop a strong mind.
Topic sentence & conclusion
(2)
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Brainwashing the discrimination against
homosexuals of the public is also
inevitable. [solution through media
education]. . . They are just minority
compared with heterosexuals. After all,
some homosexuals could be better
parents than those heterosexuals who are
addicted to alcohol, drugs, and violence.
Topic sentence & conclusion
(suggestion 1)
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Nobody can deny the humanity of
homosexuals, who differ from the
heterosexuals only in their sexual
orientation. Nobody can deny their
need, and thus their human right, to
love and be loved, and, above all, to
have a family with both a spouse and
children.
Topic sentence & conclusion
(suggestion 2)
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As normal human beings, homosexuals
not only are able to provide orphans a
good home, they can offer them a healthy
and loving family environment. Moreover,
in face of discrimination, they teach their
children to be opener to differences and
stronger in fighting against prejudices.
After all, some homosexuals could be
better parents than those heterosexuals
who are addicted to alcohol, drugs, and
violence.
Conclusion
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The purpose of having a casino in Penghu
is to try to improve the tourism; the
purpose of having a casino in Penghu is
to let people from other countries know
how wonderful Penghu is; the purpose of
having a casino in Penghu is to solve the
financial problem; the purpose of having
a casino in Penghu is to make Penghu
people live better lives.
Conclusion
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Everyone has different opinions about this
issue, but s/he has to understand a very
important thing: if people cannot live
anymore, all they can do is to try to solve
the problem and then continue the lives.
The problem that Penghu people have to
face is—no money, no jobs, and no happy
lives. People want to have happy and rich
lives, and they also have the rights to get
what they are deserved to have. Now
Penghu people need a casino to save their
lives, why not helping them? Thus, set up
a casino and save the Penghu people.
Conclusion
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The purpose of having a casino in
Penghu is to try to improve its
tourism so that people from the
other countries know how wonderful
Penghu is. The purpose of having a
casino in Penghu is, more
importantly, to solve its financial
problem so that Penghu people can
live better lives.