ERA 7 Exam
Absolutism:
1. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the theory of divine right was used to justify the…
a. establishment of an absolute monarchy.
b. introduction of free trade policies.
c. supreme power of the Catholic Church.
d. involvement of the peasants in making political decision.
2. Which completes the table?
Symbols of Absolute Power
Country
Russia
France
Monarch
Peter the Great
Louis XIV
a. Louvre Palace
b. Palace of Versailles
Symbol of Power
St. Petersburg
?
c. Bastille Prison
d. Cathedral of Notre Dame
3. Westernization in Russia by Peter the Great brought…
a. customs and traditions from Europe along with new trade opportunities.
b. an invasion of Russia by Sweden.
c. desire of the United States to seek new markets.
d. the acceptance of the policies of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
“God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send
death; to judge…and to be judged (by) none… the same power is had by kings;…”
-King James I of England, Speech to Parliament, 1609
4. Which idea is described by the quote above?
a. Theory of Divine Right of Kings
b. Democracy
c. Social Darwinism
d. Constitutional Monarchy
“All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life,
health, liberty or possessions.”
5. Which Enlightenment figure would most likely agree with the quote above?
a. Thomas Hobbes
c. John Locke
b. Voltaire
d. Mary Wollstonecraft
The Enlightenment:
6. The Enlightenment…
a. was based on the assumption that logic and reason can answer all societal questions.
b. Believed that human progress as impossible “in the best of all possible worlds.”
c. rejected the claims of modern science.
d. was attacked by scientists for not using the scientific method.
“The people are extremely well qualified for choosing those whom they are to entrust with
part of their authority.”
Baron de Montesquieu, Of Laws Directly Derived from the Nature of Government, 1748
7. Which best summarizes Montesquieu’s view of the responsibility of citizens in a democracy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
to lobby for new laws
to vote for their leaders
to respond to public opinion polls
to take part in election campaigns
8. Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the
Enlightenment?
a. Feudalism became the dominant political system.
b. The use of reason and logic were discouraged.
c. Technology and Science were considered unimportant.
d. A new questioning spirit of authority and an inquiry of reason emerged.
“There is no liberty, if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers.”
Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, 1748
9. According to the quote above, which statement summarizes Montesquieu’s view of government?
a. Government should be ruled by a monarch.
b. Government should not give too much liberty to its people.
c. Government should be divided so that there are checks and balances in order to remain fair to its citizens.
d. Government should be controlled by one body of judges.
10. The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man
and of Citizen were influenced by the Enlightenment ideas of…
a. King George IIII
c. President George Washington
b. Thomas Hobbes
d. John Locke
Speaker A: Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual
only if the interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation.
Speaker B: The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The
respect given to a king is religious in nature.
Speaker C: All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of
government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.
Speaker D: Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then
will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war.
11. Which speaker’s statement above best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment?
a. Speaker A
c. Speaker C
b. Speaker B
d. Speaker D
Revolutions
12. Which of the following would describe a government before the people revolt against it?
a. Governments refused to modernize their military with advanced technology.
b. Governments attempted to separate government and religion.
c. Governments failed to meet the political and economic needs of their people.
d. Governments allowed for free elections.
“But where, say some, is the king of America? I’ll tell you, friend, he reigns above, and doth not make havoc
of mankind like the Royal Brute of Great Britain…Let a day be solemnly set apart for proclaiming the
charter (Constitution); let it be brought forth placed on the divine law, the Word of God; let a crown be
placed thereon, by the law is king. For as in absolute governments the king is law, so in free countries the
law is king, and there ought to be no other.”
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776
13. According to Paine, what should be the highest power in a new American government?
a. an absolute monarchy
c. free elections
b. separation of powers
d. fair laws
14. Which of the following is an accurate description of the tax system in France before the French
Revolution?
a. Only the clergy paid taxes.
b. The members of the Third Estate paid almost all of the taxes.
c. The nobility paid taxes only on land, not on income.
d. The members of the First and Second Estate paid all of the taxes.
15. How did the 3rd Estate of French society in the 1700-1800s carry
much of the economic burden of the nation (see right)?
a. By trading their goods to other countries.
b. By paying the majority of the taxes while the 1st and 2nd estate did not.
c. By migrating to other countries for work.
d. Because they held the most wealth, they produced the most goods.
16. Simón Bolívar was a revolutionist in Latin America that was
influenced by the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke, Voltaire,
and Thomas Jefferson. These ideas would lead to independence for
the countries of Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, etc.
Knowing this, what type of government was set up in these countries after the Revolutions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Dictatorship
Absolute monarchy
Democracy
Theocracy
17. What geographical barrier helped protect Great
Britain from an invasion by Napoleon (see map)?
a. Mediterranean Sea
b. English Channel
c. Alps Mountains
d. Pyrenees Mountains
18. Weaknesses of a Nation’s Governmental Power:
 large division among social classes
 desire for independent, democratic
government
 desire for economic independence
 lack of freedoms for the citizens
Which might be the result of these factors?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Anarchy
Socialism
Revolution
Mutiny
The Industrial Revolution:
19. Which country is recognized as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
a. France
c. Great Britain
b. Germany
d. United States
20. All of the following are necessary for industrialization to occur except…
a. the availability of capital.
c. an adequate labor force.
b. profit sharing between workers and owners.
d. the availability of land and raw material.
21. Which term refers to large amounts of people moving from rural (farming) areas into urban
(cities) for work and living.
a. Ruralization
c. Industrialization
b. Unionization
d. Urbanization
22. What benefit did new machinery bring to the production of goods?
a. It made the process of producing goods take longer.
b. Fewer goods were being produced due to harder working machines.
c. More goods were being produced at a faster rate and the cost of goods went down.
d. Child labor began being used by factory owners.
23. How did the Industrial Revolution affect economic relationships among nations?
a. It created political alliances among nations with resources.
b. It promoted a greater degree of interdependence and globalization among nations.
c. It increased the standard of living for all nations.
d. It generated more isolationism among nations with economic resources.
24. The mass (more) production of goods during the Industrial Revolution resulted in…
a. cheaper manufactured goods for the consumer.
b. lower quality manufactured goods for the consumer.
c. better working conditions for the factory worker.
d. higher wages for the factory worker.
Economic Systems:
25. Which of the following best describes a Market Economy?
a. Private Corporations whose goal is to make high profits, and consumers have choices.
b. There is a mix of privately and governmentally controlled businesses.
c. The economy of a nation is controlled by the government.
d. Allocation of resources is based on rituals, customs, and tradition.
26. Which summarizes the main characteristics of a Traditional Economic system?
a. central government is in control of what is produced, who receives the goods, and the cost
b. Private and governmental owned businesses work together and protect worker’s rights
c. Private corporate ownership with the goal of making high profits
d. direct trade, no competition, relies on customs and traditions
27. In which of the following economic systems would the government set prices on goods?
a. Market Economy
c. Command Economy
b. Traditional Economy
d. Mixed Economy
28. Economic Characteristics:
 The means of production are privately owned and operated for a private profit.
 The emphasis is on the individual profit rather than on worker safety or society as a whole.
Which economic system does the above summary describe?
a. Command Economy
b. Mixed Economy
c. Traditional Economy
d. Market Economy
The Age of Imperialism:
29. What is Imperialism?
a. A stronger country extending its influence and power over a weaker country.
b. A way to choose a new ruler in a new country.
c. A new economic policy brought to native populations.
d. A continuation of politics by all means necessary.
Britain lost some of its oldest colonies after the American Revolutionary War. After this loss, British
leaders were interested in expanding their empire. They looked to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific to expand
their colonies. Britain also increased its empire after defeating Napoleon and France.
30. According to the passage above, how did Britain’s desire to expand its empire affect the global
economy?
a. Britain transformed the international arts by selling many plays and dramas about its dreams for an
empire.
b. Britain achieved its global empire by becoming the leading exporter of finished goods worldwide.
c. Britain used its great military leaders to train individuals for combat.
d. Britain colonized various territories and regions in many countries all around the world which
affected the global economy.
“The period of Imperialism has witnessed many wars…They have resulted in the taking by force…the
white rulers of the colonies live at the expense of the natives. Their chief work is to organize labor for
their support. In the typical colony, the most fertile lands and the mineral resources are owned by white
foreigners. These holdings are worked by natives under their direction. The foreigners take wealth out
of the country. All the hard work is done by the natives.” ~J.A. Hobson, 1902
31. According to the author, how did imperialism affect African societies?
a. Foreigners helped the continent by finding its valuable resources.
b. Foreigners took the citizens out of the country to work as slaves.
c. Foreigners used the most fertile land and took wealth out of the country while the natives did all the work.
d. Foreigners helped the continent by providing citizens with high-paying jobs.
32. In the past, European nations have conquered lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their
economies. After 1880, Europeans sought colonies in Africa because they were interested in…
a. gaining more knowledge of the world.
b. competing for raw materials to use for themselves or trade with other countries.
c. abolishing slavery in the African nations.
d. spreading Enlightenment ideas to the native Africans.
“Englishmen…have given the people of India the greatest human blessing – peace. They have
introduced Western education. This has brought an ancient and civilized nation in touch with modern
thought, modern sciences, and modern life. They have built an administration that is strong and
efficient. They have framed wise laws and have established courts of justice.”
Romesh Dutt, 1905
33. Which of the statements reflects the author’s point of view of the impact of imperialism on India?
a. Imperialism helped the people of India improve their barter/trading system.
b. Imperialism helped the people of India by advancing and modernizing their governmental
institutions and ways of life.
c. Imperialism harmed the people of India by replacing their traditional culture through modernization.
d. Imperialism harmed the people of India by weakening their administration.
The Renaissance:
34. Which statement describes a direct effect of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution in Europe?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The philosophy of Humanism brought about a decrease in the power of the Roman Catholic Church.
Art began to reflect an increased emphasis on religious themes and decreasing emphasis on the individual.
Nationalistic movements among the minority ethnic groups in the region declines.
The feudal system was developed to provide stability in a decentralized political structure.
35. Which of the following most likely resulted from the change in the table below?
European Cities with Printing Presses
1470 – 1500
Year
Number of Cities
1470
14
1480
104
1490
167
1500
213
a. Higher literacy rates
b. Decline in religion
c. Stronger monarchies (kings and
queens)
d. End of the Renaissance
The Age of Exploration:
36. Major motivations for European exploration included all of the following except…
a. the search for raw materials and mineral resources.
b. Increased farming jobs in England.
c. the desire for new trade routes to the Americas and Asia.
d. the urge to extend Christianity beyond Europe.
37. One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
a. acquired as markets and sources of raw materials.
b. considered an economic burden and bother for the colonial power.
c. granted independence as soon as possible.
d. encouraged to develop their own industries.
38. The “Columbian Exchange” refers to…
a. The desire by Europeans to maintain a favorable balance of trade.
b. The control of the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus and the Spanish.
c. The exchange of scientific knowledge between Old and New Worlds.
d. The transfer of people, plants, animals, and disease between the Old and New Worlds.
The Reformation:
39. The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that both were …
a. stimulated by a spirit of inquiry and questioning previous beliefs.
b. limited to Italy, France, and Germany.
c. supported by the working class.
d. encouraged by the successes of the French Revolution.
40. Which was a result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
a. New denominations of Christian churches were created, weakening the power of the Catholic
Church.
b. Spain became a predominately Protestant nation.
c. The Catholic Church accepted the dominance of the new Protestant religions.
d. The Catholic Church continued the practice of the selling of indulgences.
ERA 7 Exam Specifics
The Age of Absolutism – 5 questions
The Enlightenment – 6 questions
Revolutions – 7 questions
The Industrial Revolution – 6 questions
Economic Systems of the World – 4 questions
The Age of Imperialism – 5 questions
ERA 6 Review – 7 questions
Constructed Response – How did the ideas of the Enlightenment time period lead to revolutions
around the world?