Chemistry Review
Nomenclature, Chemical Formulas and Reactions
1.Types of Compounds (Ionic vs. Molecular)
2.Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas
3.Molecular and Empirical Formulas
4.Reaction Types
5.Balancing Chemical Equations
6.Drawing Lewis Structures and Predicting Geometric Shapes
7.Reaction Rates and Kinetics
Use the periodic table.
Non-metals above
the staircase
Metals below the
staircase
Non-metals above
the staircase
Metals below the
staircase
The yellow shaded metals can take on multiple charges/oxidation states (except
Zn, Ag, and Cd).
Types of Compounds (Ionic vs. Molecular)
Ionic compounds form from metals and non-metals (across the tracks) and
transfer electrons between elements.
You figure out the formula for an ionic compound by criss-crossing charges to
subscripts and reducing subscripts if possible.
Ca2+ and F1- form ___________
Li1+ and PO43- form____________
Pb4+ and S2- form ________
Mn2+ and ClO3-1 form _________
Types of Compounds (Ionic vs. Molecular)
Ionic compounds form from metals and non-metals (across the tracks) and
transfer electrons between elements.
You figure out the formula for an ionic compound by criss-crossing charges to
subscripts and reducing subscripts if possible.
Ca2+ and F1- form CaF2
Li1+ and PO43- form Li3PO4
Pb4+ and S2- form Pb2S4 which reduces to PbS2
Mn2+ and ClO3-1 form Mn(ClO3)2
Naming Ionic Compounds
•
•
•
Write the name of the cation.
If the anion is an element, change its ending to -ide; if the anion is a
polyatomic ion, simply write the name of the polyatomic ion.
If the cation can have more than one possible charge, write the charge as a
Roman numeral in parentheses.
Name the following compounds
CaF2 _________________________
Li3PO4 __________________________
PbS2 _____________________________
Mn(ClO3)2 ______________________________
Naming Ionic Compounds
•
•
•
Write the name of the cation.
If the anion is an element, change its ending to -ide; if the anion is a
polyatomic ion, simply write the name of the polyatomic ion.
If the cation can have more than one possible charge, write the charge as a
Roman numeral in parentheses.
Name the following compounds
CaF2 Calcium fluoride
Li3PO4 Lithium phosphate
PbS2 Lead (IV) sufide
Mn(ClO3)2 Manganese (II) chlorate
Molecular Compounds
Molecular compounds are composed of two non-metals (above the
staircase)
Indicate # of each atom using prefixes (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa,
hepta, octa, nona, deca)
The first element does not use mono if there’s only one.
Examples:
OF2 is named oxygen diflouride
N2O is named dinitrogen monoxide
You try:
NO2 ___________________________
P2O4 ____________________________
Molecular Compounds
Molecular compounds are composed of two non-metals (above the
staircase)
Indicate # of each atom using prefixes (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa,
hepta, octa, nona, deca)
The first element does not use mono if there’s only one.
Examples:
OF2 is named oxygen diflouride
N2O is named dinitrogen monoxide
You try:
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
P2O4 diphosphorus tetroxide
Molecular and Empirical Formulas
Molecular Formulas provide the true number of atoms in a compound
Empirical formulas give the ratio of the elements found in a compound
Structural formulas show how the atoms are connected.
Molecular Formula
Empirical Formula
C6H6
CH
C2H6
CH3
C2H2O4
CHO2
Types of Reactions
• AX + B → BX + Y
single replacement
•AX + BY → AY + BX
double replacement
•AB → A + B
decomposition
•A + B → AB
combination or synthesis
•CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O
combustion
You identify each type
H2SO4 + PbCl2 → HCl + PbSO4
Li + Cu(OH)2 → LiOH + Cu
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
NH3 → N2 + H2
H2O + O2 → H2O2
Types of Reactions
• AX + B → BX + Y
single replacement
•AX + BY → AY + BX
double replacement
•AB → A + B
decomposition
•A + B → AB
combination or synthesis
•CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O
combustion
You identify each type
H2SO4 + PbCl2 → HCl + PbSO4
Double Replacement
Li + Cu(OH)2 → LiOH + Cu
Single Replacement
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Combustion
NH3 → N2 + H2
Decomposition
H2O + O2 → H2O2
Synthesis or combination
Balancing Equations
Chemical Reactions should have the same number of atoms on
each side to follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. Use
coefficients (numbers in front) to balance the equations.
___Al + ___FeCl2 → ___AlCl3 +___Fe
Al
1
Al
1
Fe
2
Fe
1
Cl
2
Cl
3
Count the number of atoms on each side and track the changes as you
make them.
Balancing Equations
Chemical Reactions should have the same number of atoms on
each side to follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. Use
coefficients (numbers in front) to balance the equations.
___Al + ___FeCl2 → ___AlCl3 +___Fe
Al
1
Al
1
Fe
2
Fe
1
Cl
2
Cl
3
Count the number of atoms on each side and track the changes as you
make them.
Balancing Equations
Chemical Reactions should have the same number of atoms on
each side to follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. Use
coefficients (numbers in front) to balance the equations.
___Al + 3FeCl2 → ___AlCl3 +___Fe
Al
1
Al
1
Fe
1 →3
Fe
1
Cl
2 →6
Cl
3
Count the number of atoms on each side and track the changes as you
make them.
Balancing Equations
Chemical Reactions should have the same number of atoms on
each side to follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. Use
coefficients (numbers in front) to balance the equations.
___Al + 3FeCl2 → 2AlCl3 +___Fe
Al
1
Al
1 →2
Fe
1 →3
Fe
1
Cl
2 →6
Cl
3 →6
Count the number of atoms on each side and track the changes as you
make them.
Balancing Equations
Chemical Reactions should have the same number of atoms on
each side to follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. Use
coefficients (numbers in front) to balance the equations.
2Al + 3FeCl2 → 2AlCl3 +___Fe
Al
1 →2
Al
1 →2
Fe
1 →3
Fe
1
Cl
2 →6
Cl
3 →6
Count the number of atoms on each side and track the changes as you
make them.
Balancing Equations
Chemical Reactions should have the same number of atoms on
each side to follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. Use
coefficients (numbers in front) to balance the equations.
2Al + 3FeCl2 → 2AlCl3 +3Fe
Al
1 →2
Al
1 →2
Fe
1 →3
Fe
1 →3
Cl
2 →6
Cl
3 →6
Count the number of atoms on each side and track the changes as you
make them.
References
http://www.markrosengarten.com/ for New York Regent’s exam
powerpoint.