HIV/AIDS
and Contemporary
Population Dynamics
A lesson plan from “Making Population Real”
by the Population Reference Bureau
Supported by the World Population Fund
of the Minneapolis Foundation
Today’s Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduce objectives and teaching standards
Provide a brief global overview on HIV/AIDS
Construct chloropleth maps of AIDS rates by
U.S. states
Discuss the patterns revealed
Introduce Making Population Real and PRB
Making Population Real - Module 4:
HIV/AIDS and Population
Issues
 AIDS/HIV
 Effects
of income, age, gender, etc. on
disease rates
Population
Concepts
 Changing
death rates
 Regional differences in populations
Tools
 Line
graphs
 Choropleth maps
Objectives



To describe the spread and occurrence of
HIV/AIDS at multiple scales
To explain global and regional variations in
occurrence of HIV/AIDS
To understand the spread of HIV/AIDS in the
United States
Teaching Standards
AP Geography Standard Addressed
Unit II– Population Unit
B. Population growth and decline over time and
space
3. Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health
AP and the Advanced Placement Program are registered
trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which
was not involved in the production of these lesson plans
HIV-AIDS Weakens the Immune
System
Opportunistic infections:
 Pneumonia
 Meningitis
 Some cancers
 Tuberculosis (TB)
 Other parasitic, viral and fungal infections that
weaken the immune system
Global Estimates – HIV/AIDS

People now living with HIV
40 million

New HIV infections in 2005
4.9 million

AIDS deaths up to
25 million
2005
Growth of the AIDS Epidemic
People With HIV/AIDS, Cumulative Regional Totals
Millions
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1986
1988
1990
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe & N. America*
Caribbean
1992
1994
1995
1998
Asia
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
*Western and Central Europe & North America.
Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2004.
2000
2002
2004
Latin America
North Africa & Middle East
Poverty and HIV-AIDS


Inadequate access to accurate information or prevention
services
Seeing no alternative besides sex work, for some
women



Labor migration – leads to increased vulnerability and spread of
HIV
Once infected, inadequate access to health care and
treatment
Vicious cycle of poverty, such as children orphaned
because of AIDS
What is a Choropleth Map?
(Area Value Map)

Reveals patterns in data by showing the
distribution of a factor in selected area

For example, the map on the next slide
compares the prevalence of AIDS in nations
worldwide
Map of HIV Prevalence Worldwide
2005
Adults Ages 15-49 w/ HIV
15.01% - 34.0%
5.01% - 15.0%
1.01% - 5.0%
0.51% - 1.0%
0.0% - 0.5%
Not available
Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.
Looking at the U.S. States
Are AIDS cases distributed evenly throughout
the United States?
Assignment:
 Construct a choropleth map of the rate per
100,000 of AIDS by state for 2002
Create a Choropleth Map of
AIDS Distribution by State
Determine the range of data…
1. Examine the data to be mapped
 Omit DC since it’s not a state and so became
outlier
2. Find the highest and lowest values for the data (see
column 5 on data table)
High = New York: 34.8/100,000
Low = North Dakota: 0.5/100,000
3. Subtract these two numbers to calculate the range of
the data.
34.8 - 0.5 = 34.3 is range
AIDS Distribution by State
Create a Choropleth Map of
AIDS Distribution by State
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Divide the range by the number of mapping
categories you plan to use (typically 3 to 5)
 Adjust the limits to avoid fractions
34.3 / 5 = 6.86 OR 35 / 5 = 7
Assign a color to each category
 We have five categories: 0-7.9, 8-14.9, 15-22.9,
23-30.9, & 31-37
Complete the map key
(Assign a color to each range)
Sort the data (states) by category
Follow the key to shade each area according to the
data values being mapped
Create a Choropleth Map of
AIDS Distribution by State

What patterns do the maps reveal?

What causes these patterns?
What did we cover?

During the session, we explored the spread and
occurrence of HIV/AIDS:
 At
the global scale
 At the national scale

 By

Group mapping activity: United States (From Activity 2)
gender and age (Ex: graph of South Africa)
Demonstrates patterns of population growth and
decline over time and space
Making Population Real – Lesson Plan 4:
HIV/AIDS and Contemporary
Population Dynamics
Activities:
1. HIV/AIDS–A Scourge of the Land

2.
Investigate regional AIDS data (online research)
Patterns of HIV/AIDS in the United States

Graph changes in cause-of-death data
 Graph changes in death rate due to AIDS
 Create choropleth (shaded area) maps of state
AIDS rates
Making Population Real
Lesson Plans

Population Fundamentals – Building a Foundation

Populations in the Path of Natural Hazards

The Demographic Transition –
A Contemporary Look at a Classic Model

HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics

Population Policy – Progress Since Cairo

People on the Move

Global Migration Patterns
About Making Population Real

Free, on-line curricula utilize up-to-date realworld data and articles from a variety of webbased resources:






United Nations (UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, etc.)
U.S. Census Bureau
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
PRB research and publications
Lead author Martha B. Sharma, a teacher
Recipient of the 2006 Geographic Excellence in
Media Award from National Council for
Geographic Education
www.prb.org/educators
Population Reference Bureau

Informs people around the world about population,
health, and the environment, and empowers them to use
that information to advance the well-being of current and
future generations.

Analyzes demographic data and research to provide
objective, accurate, and up-to-date population
information in a format that is easily understood by
educators, journalists, and decision makers alike.