Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.
Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living
things
Warmup: In a chemical reaction, what are the:
Reactants ?
Products ?
C6H12O6
+
O2
CO2 + H2O
ENZYMES


Composed of chains of amino acid monomers with a
three-dimensional shape that controls their function.
Act as biological catalyst – they lower the amount of
activation energy needed to start a reaction.

The lower the activation energy, the more products can
be produced efficiently.
Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.
Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living
things
Warmup: In a chemical reaction, what are the:
Reactants ?
Products ?
C6H12O6
+
O2
CO2 + H2O
Period 3
Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.
Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living
things
Warmup:
1.) What elements make up:
carbohydrates?
lipids?
proteins?
enzymes?

Enzymes are designed to work with one particular
molecule – because shape determines what molecules
will work together.

Enzyme
Catalyzed (sped up) reaction
Amylase
Hydrolysis of starch
Maltase
Hydrolysis of maltose
Sucrase
Hydrolysis of sucrose
Catalase
Hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide
*Enyzmes can often be identified by the suffix “ase”*

Key Terms:
 Substrate – molecule to be acted on
 Active site – area of enzyme that fits with
substrate
 Enzyme-Substrate Complex – substrate + active
site of enzyme

Key Points:
 Enzymes themselves do not change shape or
function while they speed up a reaction, unless they
are denatured.
 Enzymes are not used up during a reaction – they
can be used over and over again.
1.
Temperature
 Low (0° C) = decreased kinetic energy of enzymes
and substrates.
oEnzymes are inactive and don’t move.
oNo/few enzyme-substrate compounds are
formed.
oRate of reaction decreases.
1.
Temperature
 Increasing (20 ° C) = increased kinetic energy of
enzymes and substrates.
oEnzymes increase their movement.
o Increased enzyme-substrate compounds are
formed.
oRate of reaction increases.
1.
Temperature
 Optimal Temperature (for most enzymes ~37° C)
oTemperature at which the enzyme works best
oRate of reaction is the highest
1.
Temperature
 Beyond Optimal Temperature (>60 ° C)
oWeak bonds within the enzymes are broken.
Enzyme’s shape and function fall apart – leading
to a loss of function. This is called denaturation.
2.
pH
 Enzymes work best within a narrow pH range
 Each enzyme works best at its optimum pH level
 At extreme pH levels, enzymes lose their shape and
function and become denatured.
Enzymes- a fun introduction - YouTube
1)
Enzymes help organisms by
A. providing energy.
B. building proteins.
C. packaging proteins.
D. reducing the amount of activation energy required
to start a reaction.
2)
In a reaction that takes place in the presence of an
enzyme, the substrate binds with the enzyme. Which
statement best describes what happens to the enzyme
as the substrate is converted to the product?
A. It is denatured.
B. It remains unchanged.
C. It becomes part of the product.
D. It becomes a part of the substrate.
3.
The diagram below represents a human enzyme and
four types of molecules present in a solution.
Which molecule would most likely react with the
enzyme?
4.
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at
different temperatures.
Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme
when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63°C?
A. The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.
B. The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the
reaction.
C. The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the
reaction.
D. The enzyme changes shape and can no longer
speed up the reaction.