P. 22-23 End of the Civil War
► Robert
E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses s. Grant
@ Appomattox Courthouse
Reconstruction
After the Civil War,
the nation
embarked on a
period known as
Reconstruction,
during which
attempts were
made to readmit
the South to the
Union.
What kind of
problems could this
pose?
Reconstruction
► Rebuilding
the south
► Bringing southern states back
► 1865-1877
How to carry this out?
Lincoln made a plan that was
lenient on the South
- Andrew Johnson
Lincoln Assassinated
Reconstruction
Conditions for African Americans
► What




do you think they were like?
How were they treated?
What did they do for jobs?
Where did they live?
Were they given rights?
► No
Land – could not grow crops
 Sharecropping – landowners divided land –
Land farmed but most of crop goes to land
owners
 Tennant Farming – Rented land to farm
Another Problem
► Little
or no food, clothes, hospitals, or
schools
►
►
Freedman’s Bureau
Summarize
its main role was providing
emergency food, housing and
medical aid to refugees. It
could also help find families.
By late 1865, it focused its
work on helping the Freedmen
adjust to new conditions. Its
main job was setting up work
opportunities and supervising
labor contracts. It soon
became, in effect, a military
court that handled legal
issues.
Cartoon
►
The caption reads, "THE FREEDMAN'S BUREAU! An Agency
to keep the NEGRO in idleness at the EXPENSE of the
white man. Twice vetoed by the PRESIDENT, and made a
law by CONGRESS. Support Congress & you support the
negro. Sustain the President and you protect the white
man." A barefooted black man lounges in the foreground,
asking himself, "What is de use for me to work as long as
dey make dese appropriations." The left-side background
presents contrasting scenes of industrious white men
chopping wood and plowing fields. In the background
above the languishing freedman is the U.S. Capitol, with
rays of light streaming from the Statue of Freedom.
Appealing both to the visual imagery and shrill logic of
white supremacy, prints such as these contributed to the
gradual decline and eventual elimination of the Freedmen's
Bureau. Proving once again that the artist's crayon is more
powerful than either the pen or the sword, this print
presents a depressing example of the immense power of
political cartoons in domestic policy.
Conditions in the South
► Devastated
Economically
► Property devalued
► Population devastated
Who are These People?
► Scalawags
► Carpetbaggers
► Freedmen
► Radical
Republicans
► Sharecroppers
► Tenant farmers
► Jim Crow
“Looking for Love” (5)
SCALAWAG
►A
white southerner who supported the
North during the Civil War
► Considered a traitor by the other
Southerners.
CARPETBAGGER
►A
Northerner who went South after the
Civil War to make money or get rich
quick.
► Despised by the
Southerners.
FREEDMAN
►A
freed slave after the Civil War.
► He had nothing but the clothes on his/her
back.
► Freedman’s Bureau was created to help
them (education, jobs, food, etc.).
► Discriminated against by Southerners who
blamed them for the war.
RADICAL REPUBLICANS
► Members
of Congress (from Northern states
only) who wanted the South to pay for the
Civil War.
► Thaddeus Stevens was one of the leaders.
► Johnson was impeached because he fired
Edwin M. Stanton (Cabinet member) who
was a Radical Republican.
SHARECROPPERS
► Freedmen
became sharecroppers since they
owned no land and had no money to supply
seeds for a crop.
► Landowners received most of the crop and
the sharecroppers received a place to stay
and some of the crop that they worked to
raise.
► They usually ended up owing the landowner money at the end of the harvest.
(debt)
TENANT FARMERS
► People
(mostly freedmen) who lived on a
farm and worked for the owner in order to
have a place to stay and to get food.
► Poor farmers who worked very hard to
survive.
JIM CROW
► Not
a real person.
► Laws that were passed to control the
Freedmen (ex-slaves).
► Segregation laws passed in most
formerly Confederate States.
►
►
►
►
passenger stations in this state operated by any motor
transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms
or space and separate ticket windows for the white and
colored races."
Any Negro man and white woman, or any white man and
Negro woman, who are not married to each other, who
shall habitually live in and occupy in the nighttime the
same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not
exceeding twelve (12) months, or by fine not exceeding
five hundred ($500.00) dollars."
"All persons licensed to conduct a restaurant, shall serve
either white people exclusively or colored people
exclusively and shall not sell to the two races within the
same room or serve the two races anywhere under the
same license.“
"Books shall not be interchangeable between the white
and colored schools, but shall continue to be used by the
race first using them. "
KKK – pg . 188
Reconstruction Ends – pg. 189
Problem
Reuniting North
and South
Physical
devastation of the
south
Former slaves
need assistance
Former Slaves
need land
Vigilante groups
arise
Attempted
Solution