Community Development
Core Competencies for
Extension Professionals in
the North Central Region
Foundations of Practice
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2
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
The Foundations of Practice: Community
Development Core Competencies for Extension
Professionals is composed of three major
components:
• Understanding Communities and their
Dynamics
• Developing Successful Community Initiatives
• Areas of Specialization and Emphasis
Component 1
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3
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
The first component, Understanding Communities
and their Dynamics, is a series of seven core
competencies that focus on:
•
•
•
•
The ability to understand community of place.
The nature of public issues.
The dynamics and interdependencies of the
various segments of the community.
The basics of community development work.
Understanding Communities
and their Dynamics
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4
Basic Understanding of Community
Community Demographics
Community Economics
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Community Power Structure
Natural Resources and Sustainability
Community Situational Analysis
Community Development Process
Community Development
Core Competencies for
Extension Professionals in
the North Central region
Community
Demographics
Community
Demographics
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6
This presentation was originally developed by:
Andy Lewis
Professor and Community Development Specialist
University of Wisconsin Extension
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Fall 2005
Learning Objectives
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7
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
•
•
Develop an understanding of how to use
economic and demographic data to better
understand a community's present and future
needs.
Identify sources of information about community
issues to increase understanding and insight
into the complexity of challenges that affect the
community.
Learning Objectives cont.
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8
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
•
•
Illustrate how sound data can be used to
challenge our assumptions that keep us from
learning the “real” truths and prohibit us from
becoming learners.
Learn how to use data to begin constructing
community development strategies that address
emerging community trends.
Community
Demographics
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9
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Understanding a demographic profile and trends in
a community is essential to identifying issues and
sustainable alternatives. This includes trends in
population growth/ decline, age, ethnicity,
educational level, length of residence and many
other important population characteristics as they
affect the identification and priority of issues and
possible actions.
Source: Cooperative Extension’s Community Development Foundation of
Practice, January 2005,
http://srdc.msstate.edu/nacdep/foundationofpractice_jan05.pdf
Is That Your
Final Answer?
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10
What percentage of the households in the U.S.
lived in the same dwelling throughout the entire
period, 1995 to 2000?
• 81%
• 51%
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• 66%
• 74%
Source: Table H38, Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3)
The Community
Development Factor…
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11
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
If we recognize the mobility of Americans, we can’t
lose sight of the fact that we need to build
communities where people want to stay and
economic opportunities are only part of the
equation.
Is That Your
Final Answer?
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12
What percentage of U.S. farmers (principal operators)
work off of the farm 200 days or more?
• Less then 5%
• 15%
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• 27%
• 40%
• 60%
Source: U.S. Census of Agriculture, 2002
Is That Your
Final Answer?
SLIDE 13
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Indiana has the 26th highest graduation rate in
the country (74%). Where does Indiana rank in
high school graduation rates for AfricanAmericans among the 39 states that track this
statistic?
a) 1st
b) 7th
c) 23rd
d) 39th
Source: High School Graduation Rates in the United States, 2002, Jay P.Greene,
The Manhattan Institute for Policy Research,
http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cr_baeo.htm
Who Wants to be
a Millionaire?
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14
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• Over a 30-year career, an individual with a
bachelor’s degree earns about one million more
in income then the high school drop out.
• A high-school dropout earns just 49% of what an
average adult worker earns each year.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March, 2001:
http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/education/ppl-157/tab08.pdf
Is That Your
Final Answer?
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15
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
What percentage of Tippecanoe County, Indiana
residents (16 years and above and working) work
within the County boundaries?
• 38%
• 75%
• 56%
• 92%
• 100%
Source: U.S. Census 2000, County to County Worker Flow Files,
http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/commuting.html
U.S. Census Bureau 2000, Place of Work for Workers (SF3, P 26) Data
http://factfinder.census.gov/
U.S. Census
Worker Flow Data
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16
Workers Working In
County Of
Residence
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Note: As a Percent of Total Workers 16 Years and Above
Residing in the County
Benefits from employment
tend to be regional, but….
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17
Should communities think about how commuting for
employment impacts the following?
• Where do commuters do their shopping?
• What is the expense of commuting?
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• How much time is spent commuting that could
have been spent on income earning activities,
or community and family building activities?
• What is the environmental impact and
transportation impact of commuters?
Using Demographic Data
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How could you use demographic data to better
understand your local community and economy?
• What are some of the community problems and
opportunities that might be informed by good
reliable data?
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• Are there specific issues in your community
where you have struggled to find data sources?
• What are the significant economic and
demographic trends that you are observing in the
communities you serve?
DATA SOURCES
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19
Existing Reports
• County Workforce Profiles
• County Economic Profiles
• Agriculture Profiles
Easy to Use Sources
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• Indiana New Economy Workforce Statistics – Indiana
DWD
• SETA/Take Charge – Iowa State University
• American Factfinder –US Census Bureau
• STATS Indiana – Indiana Business Research Center,
Indiana University, Kelly School of Business
Information Overload?
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20
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
County Economic Profile
American Factfinder, U.S. Census
BearFacts, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce
Bureau of Economic Analysis, downloadable economic data.
Community Economic Toolbox , Developed by Penn State University. You select the state and then the county that
you're interested in examining.
Census of Agriculture (2002), United States Department of Agriculture The Census of Agriculture is done every 5 years.
Use the "Query Downloadable Options" for securing County and state level data.
County Business Patterns 1993-2002, U.S. Census
DataPlace, A "one-stop" source for data about your community or any place in the US developed specifically for housing
and community development professionals. Find key statistics on any region in the US through maps, charts, tables and
rankings.
Educational Finance Statistics by School District, National Center for Educational Statistics . For a list of the school
districts within a county, first go to:http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/districtsearch/
Location Quotient Calculator, U.S. Department of Labor
Quarterly Workforce Indicators: U.S. Census, NAICS data by year and quarter. QWI measure the performance of the
local economy - where jobs are, for what kind of workers, how much workers can expect to make and employers expect
to pay them.
Shift-Share Analysis Calculator, University of Georgia
PCRD: Purdue Center for Regional Development,
RUPRI: Rural Policy Research Institute, For Indiana data, see
http://www.rupri.org/resources/rnumbers/states/Indiana.pdf
Tiger Maps (Base Maps), U.S. Census: At the bottom of the page, type in the name of the County and the state, and
then click on "search".
SETA: Office of Social and Economic Trend Analysis , Iowa State collects, analyzes, interprets, and disseminate
information on social, economic, and demographic trends in support of community and regional analysis with emphasis
on Iowa (but also includes data on Wisconsin!). This web-site is being updated to include data on all 50 states....see
SETA Take Charge!
STATS Indiana: is an information service of the Indiana Business Research Center For data, see
http://www.stats.indiana.edu/
U.S. Census Quick Facts
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21
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/
Tippecanoe County, IN
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Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/
U.S. Census Factfinder
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Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://factfinder.census.gov
U.S. Census Fact Sheet
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24
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Workers Travel Time
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25
Percent workers 16 years and
over, not working at home
with Travel Time less than 30
Minutes
Source: U.S. Census Bureau,
2000; SF3
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Percent
SETA – State of Indiana
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Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://www.seta.iastate.edu/
SETA – State of Indiana
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27
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Age Matters
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Age COHORTS
What happened to all the residents of your community who
were age 20 to 29 years old in 1990? By the year 2000, they
had all turned 30 to 39 years old. These are called AGE
COHORTS.
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Looking at the age structure of your community’s population
is important for projecting future trends: for example, as the
baby boomers move up the population ladder into retirement
they will generate many new social needs because of the
size of their cohort and because they have different
expectations from previous elder generations.
SETA – State of Indiana
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29
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Quarterly
Workforce Indicators
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30
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://lehd.dsd.census.gov/led/index.html
Quarterly Workforce
Indicators
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31
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://lehd.dsd.census.gov/led/datatools/qwiapp.html
Site Selection Data Standards:
Published by the IEDC
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32
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://www.iedconline.org/index.php?p=Data_Standards
Indiana Economic
Development Corporation
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33
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://www.in.gov/iedc/site/indiana_properties.html
Indiana Economic
Development Corporation
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34
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Indiana Economic
Development Corporation
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35
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
What Is the Appropriate
Question?….
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36
• Do you really want to know everything there is to
know about your community and region?
• Do you want to know where information resides so
that when a question arises….you know where to find
the appropriate data?
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• Do you want help in understanding significant
community trends?
Community Indicators
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37
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/cced/indicate.html
Community Indicator
“Tools”
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38
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/cced/Indicators_Links.htm
Topics Covered To Date
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39
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Mobility: A Culture on the Move
How long have you lived in your community? In
the United States, only half the population is living in
the same place that they lived in five years ago.
According to James M. Jasper, the only group that
moves more frequently than Americans are nomadic
tribes. What does that mean for your community? How
does your community compare? To find out how your
community compares, take a look at the following
Community Indicator.
Topics, continued…
SLIDE 40
Get an Education and Double Your Salary
• A 2-part series which examines the best predictor of
income.
Part I (Focus on High School)
Part II (Focus on Higher Education)
Educational Attainment, 2004
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
US
Percent
Indiana
60
50
40
30
Source: U.S.
Census Bureau
20
10
0
% High School or
Less
% Some College or
Associated Degrees
% Bachelor or higher
Topics, continued…
SLIDE 41
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
The Indiana Self Sufficiency Standard calculates how much
money working adults need to meet their basic needs without
subsidies of any kind. It accounts for varying costs of living
and working by family size, composition, the age of children
and by where these families reside in Indiana.
The Self-Sufficiency Standard is calculated for 70 different
family types in each of Indiana’s 92 counties. The 70 family
types range from a single adult with no children, to one adult
with one infant, one adult with one preschooler, and so forth,
up to two-adult families with three teenagers.
For more information, contact the Indiana Institute for Working
Families, ICHHI at (317) 636-8819. The Indiana Standard is
available online at www.ichhi.org
Topics, continued…
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42
Keeping Them Down on the Farm
47% of principal farm operators report that they work
more then 100 days off of the farm. Could these
business people be the source for new innovative
enterprises?
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Why Community
Indicators?
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43
• As specialists we try to be responsive to local needs
but also try to anticipate better questions and
solutions.
• Community “Snapshot Profile” and “Overview” are
equally important
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Economic Snapshots
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44
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://www.indianaeconomicdigest.net/
Economic Snapshots
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45
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://www.incontext.indiana.edu/
Census of Agriculture
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46
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
http://151.121.3.33:8080/Census/Create_Census_US_CNTY.
jsp
Number of Farmers Working
200+ Days Off Farm
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47
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Principal Operators—Male
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48
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Principal Operators—Male
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49
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Principal Operators—
Female
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50
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Principal Operators—
Female
SLIDE
51
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
U.S. Farmers
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52
1,891,163
237,819
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
Male Principal Farm Operators
Female Principal Farm Operators
2,128,982
Total Principal Farm Operators
832,348
Principal Operators working >200 days “off farm”
832,348
= 39%
2,128,982
1,155,782
2,128,982
= 55% of principal operators working some days
“off farm”
Additional Reading
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53
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• Using Employment Data to Better Understand
Your Local Economy, Martin Shields, Penn
State:
http://www.cdtoolbox.org/economic_developmen
t/intro_5_2003.PDF
• "Community Indicators", Center for Community &
Economic Development, University of Wisconsin
Extension:
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/cced/indicate.html
Additional Reading
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54
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
• "Economic Snapshots", Center for Community &
Economic Development, University of Wisconsin
Extension:
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/cced/economicsnapsh
ot.html
• Economic/Demographic Profile Links, Center for
Community & Economic Development,
University of Wisconsin Extension:
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/cced/CountyEconomic
Profile.htm
Next Session
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55
Community Economics
February 23, 2006
1:30 to 3 p.m. CST
Community Development
Core Competencies
for Extension
Professionals in the
North Central Region
The ability to understand the economic base of a
community and the dynamics between the various
economic sectors—including the ways in which
money turns over in the community, leaves the
community, or is invested—are important to
providing a vibrant economy.