9D –Seats for Room 107
Front of room
Courtney
Joas
Davnys
Lorreno
Rayoni
Kayla
Jackson
Nekeyla
Owen
Carlheb
Miguel
Loveng
Warren
Marcelo
Christine
Trae
Hannah
Dyani
Samantha
Nicholas
Celeste
Devon
Bio 9A/9D: Tuesday, 2.8.11
Title: The Cell Cycle

Homework:
 See

assignment sheet – questions #1-3, in your notebook
Silent Do Now: (in NB w/ title & date)
Put the following in order from largest to smallest:
 Gene
 Chromosome
 Nucleotide
 DNA

Today’s Objectives:
 Describe
the structure of a chromosome.
 Describe the purpose and steps of the cell cycle.
THE CELL CYCLE
& MITOSIS
PHA Biology 9
Moretti/ Dickson
Chromosome Review (Don’t need to write this)
Chromosomes: DNA tightly
coiled around little protein balls
(histones) to make it very compact
Chromosomes
unraveling into
DNA
Nucleotide
Base Pairs
Another Gene: instructions for
making a different protein that
determines a different trait
DNA
Gene: Instructions for
making a protein that
determines a trait
More about Chromosomes
(Writing this is optional)
Contain DNA
 Number varies with
organism:

 Humans:
46
 Cats:
32
 Dogs: 72
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of a chromosome.
•Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
The Cell Cycle: Overview
(Now you need to take notes!)


One cell grows and
divides into two new
cells
Purpose:
 Growth
 Replace
dead cells
 Repair tissues after
injury
 Asexual reproduction
(in single-celled
organisms)
Amoeba reproducing
Major Steps of the Cell Cycle



Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes &
organelles
 G1 phase: Cell grows
 S phase: DNA replicates
 G2 phase: More growth;
cell prepares to divide
Mitosis: Chromosomes separate
to form two new nuclei
Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells
What do you notice about the
chromosomes in G1 versus G2?
Chromosome Replication During the
Cell Cycle
G1 Phase:

G2 Phase:
Chromosomes are un-replicated
- each contains one copy of its
DNA
Un-Replicated
Chromosome
Centromere –
a small spot in
the center of a
chromosome

Chromosomes are replicated each contains two exact copies
of its DNA
S Phase:
DNA Replication creates
replicated chromosomes
Sister Chromatids
– two halves of a replicated
chromosome
– exact copies of each other
Centromere
Replicated
Chromosome
More images of
Chromosome Replication
Tonight’s HW: (in your notebook)
1.
2.
3.
Draw two chromosomes: one un-replicated and
one replicated. Label the centromeres and the
sister chromatids.
Explain the difference between an un-replicated
and a replicated chromosome.
Why does a cell need to replicate its chromosomes
before the cell divides?
Bio 9A/9D: Wednesday, 2.9.11
Cell Cycle in Action: Cancer & Stem Cells

Homework:
Review mitosis in the textbook
 Finish at least one of the DNA Review Activities in the packet


Silent Do Now: (in notebook w/ title & date)
1.
2.

In one sentence, what happens in the cell cycle?
Read over the 3 options on the handout. Which one do you
think you want to do? Why?
Today’s Objectives:
Define cancer or stem cells and explain how they relate to the
cell cycle.
 Apply knowledge to design an anti-cancer drug or take a stand in
the stem cell debate.

Cancer & Stem Cells:
Reading & Analysis
You have 3 options for this activity:
Option 1: Read and answer questions on your own (silently)
Option 2: Work in a small group to read about cancer and
design an anti-cancer drug
Option 3: Work in a small group to read about stem cells and
take a stand in the debate about embryonic stem cell
research.
See the handout for specific instructions, then get a textbook
and get started!
Objectives for Class:
Demonstrate what you know about DNA and the cell cycle
Use information about the cell cycle to answer questions about cancer and stem cells
Last 6 minutes of class:
Stem Cell Debate




Pro: 2 minutes to explain your arguments
Against: 2 minutes to explain your arguments
Pro: 1 minute rebuttal
Against: 1 minute rebuttal
9D: Seats
Front of room
Celeste
Dyani
Davnys
Christine
Trae
Rayoni
Owen
Nicholas
Nekeyla
Loveng
Joas
Devon
Warren
Hannah
Samantha
Jackson
Marcelo
Courtney
Lorreno
Miguel
Carlheb
Kayla
Bio 9A: Thursday, 2.10.11
Mitosis!


Homework: None 
Silent Do Now: (in NB w/ title & date)
1. For each cell shown below: How many chromosomes are
there? Are they un-replicated or replicated?
a)
b)
c)
2. Why is it important for chromosomes to replicate during the
cell cycle?
3. What happens during mitosis? What happens in
cytokinesis?
Agenda



Review Do Now
Videos: Mitosis
Activity: Cell Cycle Cards & Graphic Organizer
Why do Chromosomes Replicate?


So they can split
during mitosis and
separate into two
new cells
Each cell gets an
exact copy of each
chromosome!
Objectives for Class:
Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis.
Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells.
M-Phase: Mitotic Division


Mitosis:
Chromosomes separate to form two
new nuclei
Cytokinesis:
Cell splits to form two new identical
cells
Objectives for Class:
Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis.
Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells.
Mitosis Animation
Video…


Listen closely for NEW VOCAB WORDS as you
watch the video!
Remember them or write them down in the margin
of your notebook.
Activity:
Mitosis Cards & Graphic Organizer

Materials:
 Cards
w/ diagrams
 Cards w/ written explanations

Procedure: This is a puzzle – be patient and take time to figure it out!
 Write
an overall summary of the cell cycle (side A) and
mitosis (side B)
 Match each picture card w/ a written card (note: some
written cards don’t have a picture!)
 Put the cards in the correct order
 Record important new vocabulary at the top of the chart
Objectives for Class:
Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis.
Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells.
Partners for Mitosis Investigations
Your partner is at your same table, not across from you!
Olivia
Joshua
Alerte
Cassandra
Javier
Erick
Naidaliz
Hajar
Jesse
Lennin
Martin
Emiliano
Yamile
Devin
Kenny
Amrita
Daysia
Beverly
Martely
Imani
Victor
Nathy
Bryan
Lila
Joelle Lorena
Bio 9A/9D: Friday, 2.11.11
Title: Mitosis Investigations

Homework:


Complete the Analysis Questions for your Mitosis Investigation(s)
Silent Do Now: (in NB w/ title & date)
Write a paragraph or a list that describes in detail the steps and
stages of mitosis and cytokinesis. Include:
 What are the names of the different stages (if you can
remember them)?
 What happens to the chromosomes and the cell at each stage
(even if you can’t remember names of stages, write what
happens in as many steps as you can).

Today’s Objectives:
 Explain how the steps of mitosis separate the cell’s DNA
into two different nuclei to create two new cells
Today’s Agenda

As a class: Review the Stages of Mitosis
 Take
notes on your chart from yesterday
 Don’t worry if you don’t get everything – you will have
a chance to work with the cards from yesterday after
we review as a class

With partners from yesterday:
 Finish
taking notes on your chart, using the Mitosis
Cards
 Choose an Investigation to complete (this will count as
your lab grade for this week)
What happens during Mitosis?
Interphase
(can’t see difference between G1, S, G2)
Animal cell:
Plant Cells:
Stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase/Cytokinesis
Mitosis Stages: Prophase



Chromosomes become
visible
Nuclear envelope
disappears
Spindle fibers form
between the ends
(poles) of cell.
Mitosis Stages: Metaphase
•Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell or equator
•Spindle fibers attach to Chromatids, as they prepare to
pull them apart
Mitosis Stages: Anaphase

Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and
begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
Mitosis Stages: Telophase



Two new nuclei form
Chromosomes become less visible
Mitosis is finished!
Cytokinesis

Cell membrane moves inward to create two
daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with
identical chromosomes
Mitosis: Plant cells in mitosis
Mitosis Investigations:
Two Options!

Option A: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation



Use pipe cleaners to model the movement of
chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving
and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Choose this option if you are a hands-on, movementoriented learner who will learn well by handling and
moving “chromosomes” yourself
Option B: Mitosis Under the Microscope


Observe real plant cells in different stages of mitosis
and identify which stages they are in.
Choose this option if you are a visual learner who is
good at seeing really small things under the microscope
Note: Whichever investigation you choose will be graded as a
small lab/project grade!
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Your Tasks Right Now:



Meet with your partner
Get Mitosis Cards from yesterday and finish your
chart/notes if necessary
Choose an Investigation and complete it
 Option
A = Pipecleaner Models
 Option B = Mitosis under the Microscope


If you finish early, complete the other investigation
Homework: Analysis Questions for your Mitosis
Investigation
9D: Same Partners as yesterday
Front of room
Marcelo Courtney
Owen
Nicholas
Joas
Loveng
Kayla
Nekeyla
Warren
Hannah
Celeste
Dyani
Davnys
Christine
Samantha Jackson
Lorreno
Trae
Miguel
Rayoni
Partners for Mitosis Investigations
Your partner is at your same table, not across from you!
Olivia
Joshua
Alerte
Cassandra
Javier
Erick
Naidaliz
Hajar
Jesse
Lennin
Martin
Emiliano
Yamile
Devin
Kenny
Amrita
Daysia
Beverly
Martely
Imani
Victor
Nathy
Bryan
Lila
Joelle Lorena
Bio 9A/9D: Monday, 2.14.11
Title: Review: DNA and the Cell Cycle

Homework:


Study for tomorrow’s Quiz (Review Q’s on back of assignment
sheet)
Silent Do Now: (NOT in your notebook!)
Pass your Mitosis Investigation forward if you didn’t hand it in on
Friday
 Answer the 5 multiple choice questions in the Do Now packet


Today’s Objectives:
 Review for the quiz – you should be able to answer all
questions on the quiz review sheet.
 If you are done early: create a rap song or a dance that
demonstrates the cell cycle.
Mitosis Animation
Quiz Review Day:




Check answers on Mitosis Lab Analysis Questions
Quiz Review Guide (on back of assignment
sheet): Answer each question in your notebook
Plant Cell Mitosis Challenge: Complete the
worksheet!
Practice MCAS Questions: Answer each one and then
check your answers on the blog!
How many cells are in each phase?
Bio 9A/9D: Tuesday, 2.15.11
QUIZ: DNA & the Cell Cycle

Homework:

Read pages 300-302 in the textbook. Take active reading
notes, paying attention to the following purpose questions:
How is RNA different from DNA?
 What are the functions of the 3 different types of RNA?
 What happens during transcription?


Do Now:
Turn in the Mitosis Investigation from Tuesday
 Clear your desk and get ready for the quiz


Today’s Objectives:
 Demonstrate what you know about DNA and the cell cycle
 Use information about the cell cycle to answer questions
about cancer and stem cells